View source for Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| icon               = 
| icon_width         = 
| icon_alt           = 
| name               = Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church
| native_name        = {{langx|es|Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal}}
| native_name_lang   = 
| image              = File:Sello-iere comunion784x1181.jpg
| imagewidth         = 150px
| alt                = 
| caption            = Seal of Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church
| abbreviation       = SREC
| type               = 
| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
| orientation        = [[Anglican]]
| scripture          = [[Holy Bible]]
| theology           = [[Anglican doctrine]]
| polity             = [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]]
| governance         = 
| structure          = 
| leader_title       = Primate
| leader_name        = Archbishop [[Justin Welby]]
| leader_title1      = Bishop
| leader_name1       = Rev. [[Carlos López Lozano]]
| leader_title2      = 
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| division_type      = [[Extra-provincial Anglican churches|Extra-provincial church]]
| division           = Spanish extra-provincial church within Anglican communion
| division_type1     = 
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| division_type2     = 
| division2          = 
| division_type3     = 
| division3          = 
| associations       = [[Anglican Communion]]<br />[[Porvoo Communion]]
| area               = [[Spain]]
| language           = Spanish
| liturgy            = [[Mozarabic Rite]]
| headquarters       = [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
| origin_link        = 
| founder            = 
| founded_date       = 1868
| founded_place      = 
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| congregations      = 
| members            = 5,000 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/spanish-reformed-episcopal-church|title=Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church}}</ref>
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| website            = [http://anglicanos.es/ Official Site of the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church (in Spanish)]
| slogan             = 
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}}
The '''Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church''', also translated as '''Reformed Episcopal Church of Spain''', or '''IERE''' ({{langx|es|Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal}}) is the church of the [[Anglican Communion]] in [[Spain]]. It was founded in 1880 and since 1980 has been an [[Extra-provincial Anglican churches|extra-provincial church]] under the [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan authority]] of the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Macdonald|first1=John A.|title=The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion|date=2013|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1002/9781118320815.ch42}}</ref> Its cathedral is the [[Anglican Cathedral of the Redeemer]] in Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia|url=http://catedralanglicana.es/historia/|website=Catedral Anglicana|publisher=IERE|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Exterior of the Cathedral of the Redeemer in Madrid.JPG|thumb|Exterior of the Cathedral of the Redeemer in Madrid, the only cathedral of the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]]

==Doctrine==
{{main|Anglican doctrine}}
In keeping with the rest of mainstream [[Anglicanism]], the IERE claims itself to be part of the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church]] established by Christ and his apostles.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Amado|first1=Jose David|title=Efemérides: Constitución Episcopal de la IERE|journal=España Anglicana|date=26 February 2016|url=http://www.hispanianglicana.laluzdigital.com/index.php/nacional/diocesanas/245-efemerides-nacimiento-de-la-iglesia-espanola-reformada-episcopal-iere|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref> It claims to maintain [[apostolic succession]] via the [[Church of Ireland]]'s bishops and  it holds to the [[Holy Orders|threefold ministry]] of [[bishop]]s, [[priest]]s and [[deacon]]s. It keeps the [[List of Christian creeds|three creeds]] of the [[Early Christianity|Primitive Church]].

The IERE also claims itself to morally be the [[continuing church]] of the ancient pre-Spanish Church by maintaining the [[sacrament]]al system as handed down through the Mozarabic Rite. Due to its Reformed tradition, some would say this is largely a Church that places itself within the confines of the Evangelical stream of Anglicanism.

==History==
{{see also|Anglicanism in Spain}}
[[File:Plaque in the Cathedral of the Redeemer in Madrid.JPG|thumb|A plaque in the Cathedral of the Redeemer.]]
The Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church was formed "...being born of individuals who left the Church of Rome for reasons of Biblical conscience but desired epsicopacy and an ordered vernacular liturgy for which Anglicanism provided the original precedent."<ref>Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal, and Colin Ogilvie Buchanan. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19351901 Liturgies of the Spanish and Portuguese Reformed Episcopal Churches]. Grove, 1985. Page 16.</ref> The IERE considers its origin to be in 1868 when the "Consistorio General de la Iglesia en España" (General Consistory of the Church in Spain) was formed by [[Juan Bautista Cabrera]] in [[Gibraltar]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Busquets|first1=José|title=Cien Años de Testimonio|date=1980|publisher=IERE|location=Madrid|page=7}}</ref>

The IERE was officially organised in 1880 by Cabrera, a former [[Catholic priest]], and other former Catholic priests and Reformed ministers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lopez Lozano|first1=Carlos|last2=Diaz|first2=Noel Antonio|title=Entrevista al obispo protestante de Madrid|journal=España Anglicana|date=25 January 2017|url=http://www.hispanianglicana.laluzdigital.com/index.php/internacional/comunion-anglicana/681-entrevista-al-obispo-protestante-de-madrid|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref> In 1878 he had requested the [[Church of England]] to consecrate a bishop. In 1880 the (Anglican) [[Episcopal Church in the United States]] sent a missionary-bishop of [[Mexico]] to visit Spain and [[Portugal]] and contributed in organizing the congregations into the IERE and the [[Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church]], each with its own [[synod]]ical government.

At the Synod of 1880, Cabrera was elected the first bishop of the IERE, under the pastoral care of [[William Plunket, 4th Baron Plunket]], then [[Bishop of Meath]] and later [[Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)|Archbishop of Dublin]]. He had been interested in the two Iberian churches and determined to act to consecrate a bishop in Spain. The church remained without a bishop for a time after Cabrera died in 1916 and was placed under the authority of the [[Church of Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Molina|first1=Santos|title=Bosquejo Histórico de la Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal|date=1967|publisher=IERE|location=Madrid, Spain|page=41}}</ref> For a lengthy period from 1935 to 1951 there was not a single episcopal visit to Spain.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Molina|first1=Santos|title=Bosquejo Histórico de la Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal|date=1967|publisher=IERE|location=Madrid, Spain|pages=39, 40}}</ref> Fernando Cabrera, son of the Church's first bishop, was elected to be the next bishop, but he died in 1954 before being consecrated. Fernando Cabrera served as rector of the [[Anglican Cathedral of the Redeemer]] for close to a half-century.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Olaiz Fresno|first1=Miguel|title=La Iglesia Catedral del Redentor|date=1994|publisher=IERE|location=Madrid|page=7}}</ref>

The IERE experienced persecution during the [[Francoist Spain|regime]] of General [[Francisco Franco]]. Prior to Franco's regime, beginning in the 1850s, the majority of the residents of [[Villaescusa, Zamora|Villaescusa]] belonged to the Episcopal Church, but, in 1936, the Franco government seized the church's building and the congregation declined.<ref>{{Cite web|last=lwilson|date=2019-11-12|title=UTO grants helped the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church survive, rebuild|url=https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2019/11/12/uto-grants-helped-the-spanish-reformed-episcopal-church-survive-rebuild/|access-date=2021-03-16|website=Episcopal News Service|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Miranda Castañeda|first1=Sergio|last2=Albright|first2=Kent|last3=Martín Arranz|first3=María|last4=Ramoy Coca|first4=Juan|last5=Moreno Mínguez|first5=Almudena|date=2012|title=Hablando de lo religioso: Minorías religiosas en Castilla León|url=https://www.pluralismoyconvivencia.es/upload/91/82/Minorias_religiosas_en_Castilla_y_Leon.pdf|website=Pluralismo y Convivencia|publisher=Universidad de Valladolid}}</ref> In 1954, Santos M. Molina was consecrated as a bishop. The consecration took place behind closed doors at his parish in [[Seville]]. The ordaining bishops were from [[County Meath|Meath]] in [[Ireland]] and two bishops from the United States—Bishop [[Reginald Mallett]] from the [[Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana]] and Bishop [[Stephen Keeler]] from the [[Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Puchades|first1=Antonio|title=La Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal (IERE)|date=1994|publisher=Sociedad de Educación Atenas|location=Spain|page=11}}</ref> Under Molina the church experienced a resurgence. During the episcopate of Molina the IERE signed agreements of intercommunion with numerous provinces of the Anglican Communion, including [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]], the [[Church of Ireland]], the [[Church of England]], the [[Church in Wales]], the [[Anglican Church of South Africa]], the [[Episcopal Church of the Philippines]], and the [[Old Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Puchades|first1=Antonio Andres|title=La Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal (IERE)|date=1994|publisher=Sociedad de Educación Atenas|page=11}}</ref>

In 1980 the IERE became an [[Extra-provincial Anglican churches|extra-provincial diocese]] under the [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan authority]] of the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].

== Bishops of the IERE ==
* Rev. [[Juan Bautista Cabrera]] Ibarz (1837–1916), First bishop (1896–1916)
* Rev. [[Santos Molina Zurita]], Second bishop (1954–1966)
* Rev. [[Ramón Taibo Sienes]], Third bishop (1967–1983)
* Rev. [[Arturo Sánchez Galán]], Fourth bishop (1983–1995)
* Rev. [[Carlos López Lozano]] (b. 1962), Fifth bishop (From 1995)

==Liturgy==
{{main|Mozarabic Rite}}
[[File:The Revised Prayer-Book of the Reformed Spanish Church (title page).png|thumb|left|170px|''The Revised Prayer-Book of the Reformed Spanish Church'', English translation of the 1889 revised Prayer Book used in the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church.]]
[[File:Interior of the Cathedral of the Redeemer in Madrid.JPG|thumb|Interior of the Cathedral of the Redeemer.]]
The IERE uses the [[Mozarabic Rite]], also known as the Hispanic Rite, a [[Latin liturgical rite]]. It dates principally to the 7th and 8th centuries. St. [[Isidore of Seville]] (d. 636), who was influential at the [[Fourth Council of Toledo]] 633, according to the wishes of that Council, gave the Hispanic rite its final form before [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Muslim conquest of Hispania]]. [[Mozarab]] is the term for the Christian population living under Muslim rulers in [[Al-Andalus]].

Previous to its organization, there were several translations of the Anglican ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' into Spanish in 1623<ref>Church of England, and Tejeda, Fernando de n. 1595 tr. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/778650837 Liturgia Inglesa o Libro del rezado publico, de la administracion de los Sacramentos, y otros Ritos y ceremonias de la Iglesia de Ingalaterra] [Texto impreso]. Augusta Trinobantum [s.n.], n.d.</ref> and in 1707.<ref>Church of England, Felix Antonio de Alvarado, William Bowyer, and Fran Coggan. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/740406660 Liturgia ynglesa, o El libro de oracion commun y administracion de los sacramentos ... segun el uso de la Yglesia de Inglaterra]. Londres: impresso por G. Bowyer, 1707.</ref>

In 1881 the church combined a Spanish translation of the [[Book of Common Prayer (1662)|1662 edition of the ''Book of Common Prayer'']] with the Mozarabic liturgy, which had recently been translated. This is apparently the first time the Spanish speaking Anglicans inserted their own "...historic, national tradition of liturgical worship within an Anglican prayer book."<ref>Oliver, Juan M. C. "The Book of Common Prayer in Spanish." Pages 383-387. IN: Hefling, Charles C., and Cynthia L. Shattuck.[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/265711704 The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey]. Page 384.</ref> A second edition was released in 1889, and a revision in 1975. This attempt combined the Anglican structure of worship with indigenous prayer traditions.<ref>Rowthorn, Jeffery. "Anglican Churches in Europe." Pages 439-442. IN: Hefling, Charles C., and Cynthia L. Shattuck.[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/265711704 The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey]. Page 439.</ref>

An experimental "Rito 1" or "Rite 1" for the church dating from 1984 has a few interesting aspects. One item is that after the president (a presbyter or the bishop if he is in the presbyter seating) prays for the absolution of the sins of the congregation, the assembly responds by praying in turn for the absolution of the sins of the president: "God have mercy on you also, forgive you your sins through Jesus Christ and give you eternal life by the power of the Holy Spirit. Amen."<ref>Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal, and Colin Ogilvie Buchanan. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19351901 Liturgies of the Spanish and Portuguese Reformed Episcopal Churches]. Grove, 1985. Page 16.</ref>

==Organisation==
The IERE has a democratic, [[synod]]ical (parliamentary) polity.  The Synod is the highest authority in the Church; the [[laity]] and clergy have equal representation in it.<ref>{{cite web|title=¿Quienes Somos?|url=http://www.anglicanos.org/web_iglesia_anglicana/paginas/qs_quienes.php|website=Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref> The [[parish]]es are represented by one cleric and by one lay person. The Synod elects the Standing Committee, which governs the Church between synods.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Molina|first1=Santos|title=Bosquejo Histórico de la Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal|date=1967|publisher=IERE|location=Madrid, Spain|pages=43–46}}</ref> The IERE is not a Church with an episcopal government, like the [[Catholic Church]], but is a synodical Church governed by a bishop in synod. The bishop and the synod are required to work together in close co-operation. The current diocesan bishop is Carlos López Lozano, a Madrilene who was ordained as bishop by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in November 1995.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bayon Pereda|first1=Miguel|title=Carlos López Lozano, consagrado nuevo obispo anglicano español|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1995/11/06/sociedad/815612410_850215.html|access-date=17 August 2017|publisher=El Pais|date=6 Nov 1995}}</ref>

The Church is divided for administrative purposes into three zones: [[Catalonia]], [[Valencian Country]], and [[Balearic Islands]]; [[Andalusia]] and [[Canary Islands]]; Centre and Northern Spain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oficina Diocesana|url=http://www.anglicanos.org/web_iglesia_anglicana/paginas/qs_oficina_diocesana.php|website=Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref> As of 2001, the IERE had one diocese and 22 licensed priests (one woman) serving 20 parishes, in [[Salamanca]], [[Valencia]], [[Valladolid]], [[Seville]], [[Oviedo]], [[Tarragona]], [[Murcia]], [[Alicante]], and [[Madrid]].

==Affiliations==
Together with the Church of England chaplaincies of the Diocese in Europe, the IERE is the representative of the [[Anglican Communion]] in Spain. It belongs to the [[Federation of Evangelical Religious Entities of Spain]] (FEDERE) and is member of the [[World Council of Churches]] and the [[Conference of European Churches]]. It is in [[full communion]] with the [[Old Catholic Church]]es as well as being part of the [[Porvoo Communion]] with the Scandinavian [[Lutheran]] churches.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Busquets, José. ''Cien Años de Testimonio: 1880–1980''. Madrid: IERE, 1980.
* Church of England. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/792802515 The Lusitanian Church, Catholic, Apostolic, Evangelical, and the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]. Report of the Commission Appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Etc. [London]: Church Information Office, 1963.
* C., R. S., R. Stewart CLOUGH, and William Conyngham PLUNKET. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/561296796 The Revised Prayer-Book of the Reformed Spanish Church, As Authorised by the Synod of That Church, May, 1889]. Translated by R.S.C. [I.E. R.S. Clough.] With an Introduction by the Most Rev. Lord Plunket, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. Second Edition. Alex. Thom & Co: Dublin, 1894. 
* Cruzado, J. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/561296806 Oficios Divinos Y Administracion De Los Sacramentos Y Otros Ritos En La Iglesia Española Reformada]. Madrid, 1889.
* de Olaiz Fresno, Miguel. ''La Iglesia Catedral del Redentor.'' IERE: Madrid, 1994.
* Estruch, Juan. 1968. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5153318296 "HOW CAN THERE BE PROTESTANTS IN SPAIN?"] The Ecumenical Review. 20, no. 1: 53-62. Notes: Mr. JUAN ESTRUCH is a layman of the Spanish Episcopal Reformed Church and is Youth Secretary for his Church. At present he is studying religious sociology at Louvain.
* Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61856929 La Iglesia Episcopal En España = The Episcopal Church in Spain]. [Madrid]: Departmento de Publicaciones de la IERE, 1984.
* Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal, and [[Alexander R. C. Dallas]]. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/635474028 "The Declaration Set Forth by the Central Consistory of the Spanish Reformed Church: With Some Account of the Members and Their Meetings at Gibraltar on the 25th April and the 1st June, 1868"]. London: William Macintosh, 1868. Translated from the Spanish by the Rev. Alexander Dallas.
* Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal, and Colin Ogilvie Buchanan. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19351901 Liturgies of the Spanish and Portuguese Reformed Episcopal Churches]. Grove, 1985. {{ISBN|1851740074}}; 9781851740079.
* Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal, and William Conyngham Plunket Plunket. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70994607 The Revised Prayer-Book of the Reformed Spanish Church]: (As Authorised by the Synod of That Church, May, 1889). Dublin: Alex. Thom, 1894. Notes:	Added t.p.: The Divine Office and administration of the sacraments and other ordinances in the Reformed Spanish Church. Madrid: Printed by J. Cruzado, 1889. Other Titles: Divine offices and administration of the sacraments and other ordinances in the Reformed Spanish Church. Oficios divinos y administracion de los sacramentos y otros ritos en la Iglesia Española reformada.
* Irwin, O. A. C. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/720044975 Pilgrim Churches: The Spanish and Portuguese Reformed Episcopal Churches]. [London, England]: [Houghton & Sons, Ltd.], 1956.
*[http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Spain/index.htm Liturgia de la Iglesia Española Reformada Episcopal (1954)]
* Lopez Lozano, Carlos, Jefferey Rowthorn, Mbele-Mbong, Diana Webster, Fernando da Luz, Jeffery W. (Jeffery William), and Ken (John Kenneth). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/815684702 Churches of the Anglican Communion in Continental Europe: Diocese in Europe (Church of England), Convocation of American Churches in Europe (Episcopal Church of the USA), Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church of Portugal, Spanish Episcopal Reformed Church]. London, Madrid, Paris, Porto: College of Anglican Bishops in Continental Europe (COABICE), 1998. 
* Noyes, H. E. [http://anglicanhistory.org/europe/noyes_reform1897/ ''Church Reform in Spain and Portugal: A Short History of the Reformed Episcopal Churches of Spain and Portugal, from 1868 to the Present Time''] 1897
* Palomino, Rafael. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4767729538 Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]. 2011. Abstract: The Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church belongs to the Anglican Communion and preserves the ancient Christian liturgy of the Visigoths and Mozarabs.
* Plunket, William C. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57050488 The Divine Offices and Other Formularies of the Reformed Episcopal Churches of Spain and Portugal]... (The Divine Offices and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Ordinances in the Spanish Church. 1882. Responsibility: translated in a condensed form by R. Stewart Clough. - The Book of Common Prayer, administration of the Sacraments, and other divine offices for the use of the Lusitanian Church. Translated from the Portuguese by the Rev. T. Godfrey P. Pope.) With an introduction by ... Lord Plunket ... Bishop of Meath.
*[http://anglicanhistory.org/ireland/plunket/movements1885.html Reformation Movements in Foreign Churches (with Special Reference to Spain and Portugal), by William Conyngham Plunket (1885)]
* Rowthorn, Jeffery. "Anglican Churches in Europe." Pages 439-442. IN: Hefling, Charles C., and Cynthia L. Shattuck.[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/265711704 The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

==External links==
{{Portal|Christianity|Spain}}
*[https://www.anglicanos.org/ Official Site of the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church (in Spanish)]
*[http://catedralanglicana.es Official Site of the Anglican Cathedral Church of the Redeemer in Madrid (in Spanish)]

{{Anglican Churches}}
{{Porvoo Communion}}
{{World Council of Churches}}
{{Christianity in Spain}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Extra-provincial Anglican churches]]
[[Category:Anglican Communion church bodies]]
[[Category:Anglicanism in Spain]]
[[Category:Members of the World Council of Churches]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1880]]
[[Category:Anglican organizations established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:1880 establishments in Spain]]