View source for Talk:SAS (software)/proposed revision

{{draft article|SAS (software)}}

{{Infobox software
| name                   = SAS
| logo                   = [[File:স্যাস লোগো.png|150px]]
| screenshot             = 
| caption                = SAS 9 on Microsoft Windows
| developer              = [[SAS Institute]]
| programming language   = [[C (programming language)|C]]
| latest release version = 9.4
| latest release date    = {{release date|2013|07|10}}
| operating system       = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[IBM mainframe]], [[Unix]]/[[Linux]], [[OpenVMS|OpenVMS Alpha]]
| genre                  = [[numerical analysis]]
| license                = [[Proprietary software|proprietary]]
|}}

==Untitled==
SAS is a software suite developed by [[SAS Institute]] for advanced analytics, [[business intelligence]], [[data management]], and [[predictive analytics]]. It is the largest market-share holder for advanced analytics.

SAS was developed at [[North Carolina State University]] from 1966 until 1976, when SAS Institute was incorporated. SAS was further developed in the 1980s and 1990s with the addition of new statistical procedures, additional components and the introduction of [[JMP (statistical software)|JMP]]. A point-and-click interface was added in version 9 in 2004. A social media analytics product was added in 2010.

==Overview==
SAS is a software suite that can mine, alter, manage and retrieve data from a variety of sources and perform statistical analysis on it. It is widely used in insurance, public health, scientific research, finance, human resources, IT, utilities, and retail, and is used for operations research, project management, quality improvement, forecasting and decision-making. It is the standard statistical analysis software for submitting clinical pharmaceutical trials to the US Food and Drug administration.  SAS provides a graphical point-and-click user interface for non-technical users and more advanced options through the [[SAS programming language]].<ref name="encycl">
{{Cite journal | title = Encyclopedia of Research Design Encyclopedia of research design | doi = 10.4135/9781412961288 | year = 2010 | isbn = 9781412961271 | pmid =  | pmc = }}</ref> SAS programs have a DATA step, which retrieves and manipulates data, and a PROC step, which analyzes data.

===Technical description and terminology===
SAS programs have two main components called the DATA step and the PROC step.<Ref name="court"/> In most cases, a DATA step creates a SAS data set and passes the data for processing by the by PROC step. Each step consists of a series of statements.<ref name="DelwicheSlaughter2012">
{{cite book
| author1=Lora D. Delwiche
| author2=Susan J. Slaughter
| title=The Little SAS Book: A Primer : a Programming Approach
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WtZZ6sYA2_QC&pg=PA6|year=2012
| publisher=SAS Institute
| isbn=978-1-61290-400-9
| pages=6–}}</ref>

The DATA step has executable statements that result in the software taking an action, and declarative statements that provide instructions to read a data set or alter the data's appearance.<Ref name="court"/> The DATA step has two phases, compilation and execution. In the compilation phase, declarative statements are processed and syntax errors are identified. Afterwards, the execution phase processes each executable statement sequentially.<ref name="Li2013">
{{cite book
| author=Arthur Li
| title=Handbook of SAS DATA Step Programming
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kBL_aEB6RX0C&pg=PA149
| date=10 April 2013
| publisher=CRC Press
| isbn=978-1-4665-5238-8|pages=149–}}</ref> Data sets are organized into tables with rows called "observations" and columns called "variables". Additionally, each piece of data has a descriptor and a value.<Ref name="court">
{{cite court
| litigants =SAS Institute Inc. and World Programming Limited
| court =England and Wales High Court (Chancery Division)
| date =July 23, 2010
| url=http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2010/1829.html#para36 }}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite conference
| first =Debbie
| last =Buck
| title =A Hands-On Introduction to SAS DATA Step Programming
| booktitle =
| pages =
| publisher =SAS Institute
| date =
| location =SUGI 30
| url =http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi30/134-30.pdf
| accessdate =October 2, 2013}}</ref>

The PROC step consists of PROC statements that call upon named procedures. Procedures perform analysis and reporting on data sets to produce statistics, analyses and graphics. There are more than 300 procedures and each one contains a substantial body of programming and statistical work.<Ref name="court"/> PROC statements can also display results, sort data or perform other operations.<ref name="DelwicheSlaughter2012"/> SAS Macros are pieces of code or variables that are coded once and referenced to perform repetitive tasks.<ref name="BassSolutions2007">
{{cite book
| author1=N. Jyoti Bass
| author2=K. Madhavi Lata & Kogent Solutions
| title=Base Sas Programming Black Book, 2007 Ed
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=o9nVu8Xsd6kC&pg=PA365
| date=1 September 2007
| publisher=Dreamtech Press
| isbn=978-81-7722-769-7
| pages=365–}}</ref>

SAS data can be published in HTML, PDF, Excel and other formats using the Output Delivery System, which was first introduced in 2007.<ref>
{{cite journal
| last =Tolbert
| first =William
| title =How to Win Friends and Influence People with the SAS Output Delivery System
| journal =Clinical Medicine & Research
| volume =8
| issue =3-4
| pages =189-190
| date =December 1, 2010
| url =http://www.clinmedres.org/content/8/3-4/189.3
| accessdate =October 2, 2013 }}</ref> The SAS Enterprise Guide is SAS' point-and-click interface. It generates code to manipulate data or perform analysis automatically and does not require SAS programming experience to use.<ref>
{{cite journal
| last =Der
| first =G.
|coauthors=B. S. Everittt
| title =Basic Statistics using SAS Enterprise Guide
| journal =Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)
| volume =172
| issue =2
| pages =
| date =March 10, 2009
| url =http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2009.00588_2.x/pdf
| accessdate =October 2, 2013 }}</ref>

The SAS software suite has a number of individual components<ref name="berk">
{{cite web
| publisher=Berkeley
| title=An Introduction to the SAS System
| first=Phil|last=Spector
| url=http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/classes/s100/sas.pdf
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.nesug.org/Proceedings/nesug12/ma/ma10.pdf
| title=Determine what SAS Version and Components are available
| first=David
| last=Chapman
| publisher=NESUG
| date=2012}}</ref> Some of the SAS components include:<ref name="berk"/><ref>
{{Cite journal | last1 = Hallahan | first1 = C. | title = Data Analysis Using SAS | doi = 10.1177/0049124195023003006 | journal = Sociological Methods & Research | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 373–391 | year = 1995 | pmid =  | pmc = }}</ref>
<ref name="encycl"/>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Base SAS - Basic procedures and data management
* SAS/STAT - Statistical analysis
* SAS/GRAPH - Graphics and presentation
* SAS/OR - Operations research
* SAS/ETS - Econometrics and Time Series Analysis
* SAS/IML - Interactive matrix language
* SAS/AF - Applications facility
* SAS/QC - Quality control
* SAS/INSIGHT - Data mining
* SAS/PH - Clinical trial analysis
* Enterprise Miner - data mining
}}

===Code examples===
DATA step
<pre>
DATA distance;
Miles = 26.22;
Kilometers = 1.61 * Miles;</pre>

PROC step:
<pre>
PROC PRINT DATA = distance;
RUN
</pre>

== History ==
===Origins===
[[Anthony J. Barr]] began developing the structure and language of SAS at [[North Carolina State University]] in 1966 by placing statistical procedures into a formatted file framework. He was joined by student James Goodnight in 1972, who developed the software's statistical routines.<ref name="timeline"/><ref name="paper"/> In 1968, Barr and Goodnight integrated new [[multiple regression]] and [[analysis of variance]] routines.<ref name="Attr76">{{Cite|first=Anthony|last=Barr|coauthors=James Goodnight|title=The SAS Staff|date=1976|quote=SAS 72 and SAS 76 are attributed to Barr, Goodnight, Service, Perkins, and Helwig}}</ref><ref>(Barr & Goodnight et al. 1979:front matter) Attribution of the development of various parts of the system to Barr, Goodnight, and Sall.</ref> [[John Sall]] joined the project in 1973 and contributed to the software's econometrics, time series, and matrix algebra. Another early participant, Caroll G. Perkins, contributed to SAS' early programming. Jolayne W. Service and Jane T. Helwig created SAS' first documentation.<ref name="Attr76"/> The software was originally intended to increase the output of crops by analyzing agricultural data<ref name="berk"/><ref name="seventyeight">
{{cite news
| first=David
| last=Kaplan
| newspaper=Fortune
| url=http://money.cnn.com/2010/01/21/technology/sas_best_companies.fortune/|title=SAS: A new no. 1 best employer
| date=January 22, 2010
| accessdate=September 27, 2011}}</ref> from the [[United States Department of Agriculture]].<ref>
{{cite web
|title=Before there was SAS
|publisher=SAS Institute
|url=http://www.sas.com/company/about/history.html#s1=2
|accessdate=October 3, 2013}}</ref>

The first versions of SAS were named after the year in which they were released.<Ref name="expert">{{cite web
| title=History of SAS version
| url=http://www.globalstatements.com/sas/differences/
| publisher=Global Statements|first=Rick|last=Aster
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref> In 1971, SAS 71 was published as a limited release.<ref name="encycl"/><Ref>
{{cite web
| first=Anthony|last=Barr
| coauthors=James Goodnight and James Howard
| url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/statistical-analysis-system/oclc/5728643
| publisher=North Carolina State University|date=1971
| title=Statistical analysis system
| accessdate=October 3, 2013}}</ref> It was used only on IBM mainframes and had the main elements of SAS programming, such as the DATA step and the most common procedures in the PROC step.<ref name="expert"/> The following year a full version was released with SAS 72, which introduced the MERGE statement and added features for handling missing data or combining data sets.<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Service
| first=Jolayne
| title=A User's Guide to the Statistical Analysis System
| publisher=North Carolina State University
| date=1972
| url=http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/1325510 OCLC 1325510}}</ref> In 1976, Barr, Goodnight, Sall, and Helwig took the project out of North Carolina State and incorporated [[SAS Institute|SAS Institute, Inc.]].<ref>
{{cite news
| first=Mary
| last=Shacklett
| date=September 5, 2013
| url=http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/big-data-analytics/see-if-the-r-language-fits-in-your-big-data-toolkit/
| publisher=The New Republic|accessdate=October 3, 2013
| title=See if the R language fits in your big data toolkit}}</ref>

===Development===
SAS was was re-designed in SAS 76 with an open architecture that allowed for [[compilers]] and procedures. The INPUT and INFILE statements were improved so they could read most data formats used by IBM mainframes. Generating reports was added through the PUT and FILE statements. The ability to analyze general linear models was also added<ref>
{{cite book
| last=Barr
| first=Anthony
| coauthors=James Goodnight, James Sall, John Helwig and Jane T
| title=SAS Programmer's Guide, 1979 Edition
| publisher=SAS Institute, Inc.
| date=1979
| url=http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/4984363 OCLC 4984363}}</ref> as was the FORMAT procedure, which allowed developers to customize the appearance of data.<Ref name="expert"/> In 1979, SAS 79 added support for the CMS operating system and introduced the DATASETS procedure. A few years later, SAS 82 introduced an early macro language and the APPEND procedure.<ref name="expert"/>

SAS version 4 had limited features. Version 5 introduced a complete macro language, array subscripts, and a full-screen interactive user interface called Display Manager.<Ref name="expert"/> In 1985 SAS, which was previously written in PL/I, Fortran, and assembly language, was re-written in C. This allowed for SAS' Multivendor Architecture and for it to run on [[UNIX]], [[MS-DOS]], and [[Windows]].<ref name="timeline"/><ref name="expert"/>

In the 1980s and 1990s, SAS released a number of components to complement Base SAS. SAS/GRAPH, which produces graphics, was released in 1980, as well as the SAS/ETS component, which supports econometric and time series analysis. A component intended for pharmaceutical users, SAS/PH-Clinical, was released in the 1990s. The [[Food and Drug Administration]] standardized on SAS/PH-Clinical for new drug applications in 2002.<ref name="timeline">
{{cite news
| url=http://www.wral.com/business/story/9211429/
| title=SAS corporate timeline|date=March 3, 2011
| accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref> Vertical products like SAS Financial Management and SAS Human Capital Management (then called CFO Vision and HR Vision respectively) were also introduced.<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.sas.com/company/about/history.html#s1=5
| title=SAS history
| publisher=SAS Institute
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref> [[JMP (statistical software) | JMP]] was developed by SAS co-founder [[John Saul]] and a team of developers to take advantage of the graphical user interface introduced in the 1984 [[Apple Macintosh]]
<ref name="CoxGaudard2009">
{{cite book
| author1=Ian Cox|author2=Marie A. Gaudard
| author3=Philip J. Ramsey
| coauthors=Mia L. Stephens, Leo Wright
| title=Visual Six Sigma: Making Data Analysis Lean
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xdg9nkBFh1UC&pg=PA23
| accessdate=16 November 2012|date=21 December 2009
| publisher=John Wiley & Sons
| isbn=978-0-470-50691-2
| pages=23–}}</ref> and shipped for the first time in 1989.<ref name="CoxGaudard2009"/> Additional releases of JMP were released in 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008,<ref name="jmpone">
{{cite news
| url=http://www.jmp.com/landing/foreword_pdf/JMPForeward_72dpi.pdf
| title=Growing up|pp=5
| accessdate=October 4, 2013
| newspaper=JMP Forward
| publisher=JMP}}</ref><ref name="jumptwo">
{{cite news
| first=John
| last=Saul
| newspaper=JMPer Cable
| url=http://www.jmp.com/about/newsletters/jmpercable/pdf/26_winter_2010.pdf
| title=JMP is 20 Years Old
| date=Winter, 2010
| accessdate=October 13, 2011}}</ref> 2009,<ref>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.google.com/translate?hl=en&ie=UTF8&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diarioti.com%2Fnoticia%2FSAS_lanza_JMP_8_para_Mac%2F24733
| title=Launches SAS JMP 8 for Mac and Linux
| date=April 11, 2009
| accessdate=December 30, 2012
| newspaper=Ti Journal}}</ref> 2010,<ref>
{{cite web
| title=New Features in JMP 9
| url=http://www.jmp.com/support/downloads/pdf/jmp9/jmp9_new_features.pdf|publisher=JMP
| accessdate=December 30, 2012}}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite news
| first=Adriian
| url=http://www.drdobbs.com/tools/228200027?queryText=SAS%2BJMP
| last=Bridgewater|newspaper=Dr. Dobbs Journal
| title=JMP Genomics 5: Data Visualization & Exploration|date=November 3, 2010
| accessdate=May 31, 2012.}}</ref> and 2012.<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.pharmasug.org/proceedings/2012/DG/PharmaSUG-2012-DG01.pdf
| work=PharmaSUG 2012
| title=Proficiency in JMP Visualization
| first=Charles
| last=Shipp
| coauthors=Kirk Paul Lafler
| accessdate=December 30, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="thirtyeight">
{{cite news
| first=James
| last=Taylor
| publisher=JTonEDM
| title=First Look – JMP Pro
| date=August 10, 2011
| accessdate=May 31, 2012
| url=http://jtonedm.com/2011/08/10/first-look-jmp-pro/}}</ref>

SAS version 6 was used throughout the 1990s and was available on a wider range of operating systems, including [[Macintosh]], [[OS/2]], [[Silicon Graphics]], and [[Primos]]. SAS introduced new features through dot-releases. From 6.06 to 6.09, a user interface based on the windows paradigm was introduced and support for SQL was added.<ref name="expert"/> Version 7 introduced the Output Delivery System (ODS) and an improved text editor. ODS was improved upon in successive releases. For example, more output options were added in version 8. The number of operating systems that were supported was reduced to [[UNIX]], [[Windows]] and [[z/OS]], and [[Linux]] was added.<ref name="supported systems">
{{cite web
| url=http://support.sas.com/supportos/list
| title=Supported Operating Systems
| publisher=SAS Institute
| accessdate=October 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name="expert"/> SAS version 8 and SAS Enterprise Miner were released in 1999.<ref name="timeline"/>

===Recent history===
In [[2004]] SAS released Version 9.0, which was dubbed “Project Mercury” and was designed to make SAS accessible by a broader range of business users.<ref name="sixtyfour">
{{cite news
| first=Dave
| last=Steven
| publisher=Pennsylvania State University
| url=http://css.its.psu.edu/news/nlsu02/sas.html
| title=SAS is Starting to Look Even Better....
| date=July 29, 2002
| accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref><ref name="sixtyfive">
{{cite news
| first=Rick
| last=Whiting
| newspaper=InformationWeek
| url=http://informationweek.com/news/18700087?queryText=SAS+announced
| title=SAS Extends Business Intelligence to the Masses
| date=March 31, 2004
| accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref> Version 9.0 added custom user interfaces based on the user’s role and established the point-and-click user interface of SAS Enterprise Guide as the primary GUI.<ref name="sixtyfour"/> The [[Customer Relationship Management | CRM]] features were improved in 2004 with SAS Interaction Management.<ref name="sixtythree">
{{cite news
| first=Dennis
| last=Callaghan
| newspaper=eWeek
| url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Finance-IT/SAS-to-Add-to-Analytical-CRM-Arsenal/
| title=SAS to Add to Analytical CRM Arsenal
| date=September 26, 2002
| accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2008 SAS announced Project Unity, a project to integrate data quality, data integration and master data management.<ref name="sixtysix">
{{cite news
| first=Antone
| last=Gonsalves
| newspaper=InformationWeek
| url=http://informationweek.com/news/software/bi/211100027?queryText=SAS+announced
| title=SAS, DataFlux Unveil 'Project Unity'
| date=October 10, 2008
| accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref>

SAS [[SAS Institute lawsuit with World Programming|sued World Programming]], the developers of a competing implementation, [[World Programming System]], alleging that they had infringed SAS's copyright in part by implementing the same functionality.  This case was referred from the United Kingdom's [[High Court of Justice]] to the [[European Court of Justice]] on 11 August 2010.<ref name="ecj reference">
{{cite web
| url=http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=82474&doclang=en&mode=&part=1
| title=Reference for a preliminary ruling from High Court of Justice (Chancery Division) (England and Wales) made on 11 August 2010 - SAS Institute Inc. v World Programming Ltd
| publisher=European Court of Justice
| accessdate=May 19, 2012}}</ref> In May 2012, the [[European Court of Justice]] ruled in favor of World Programming, finding that "the functionality of a computer program and the programming language cannot be protected by copyright."<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2012-05/cp120053en.pdf
| title=The functionality of a computer program and the programming language cannot be protected by copyright
| publisher=European Court of Justice
| accessdate=May 19, 2012}}</ref>

SAS Social Media Analytics, a tool for social media monitoring, engagement and sentiment analysis, was released in 2010.<ref name="twentyseven">
{{cite news
| first=Paul
| last=Greenberg
| publisher=ZDNet
| url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/crm/the-crm-watchlist-part-ii-the-usual-suspects/2419?tag=mantle_skin;content
| title=The CRM Watchlist Part II: The Usual Suspects
| date=December 31, 2010
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref><Ref name="ninetyfour"/> SAS Rapid Predictive Modeler (RPM), which creates basic analytical models using [[Microsoft Excel]], was introduced that same year.<ref name="sixtyseven">
{{cite news
| first=Cindi
| last=Howson
| newspaper=InformationWeek
| url=http://informationweek.com/blog/software/228900553?queryText=SAS+announced
| title=SAS Takes Predictive Analytics Mainstream|date=September 7, 2010
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref><ref name="ninetyfour">
{{cite web
| publisher=UCLA Academic Technology Services
| url=http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/seminars/sas_macros_introduction/default.htm
| title=Computing Seminars: Introduction to SAS Macro Language
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref> The release of JMP 9 in [[2010]] added a Microsoft Excel add-in, mapping features, integration with R and improvements to the creation and distribution of custom JMP applications.<ref name="jmpone"/><ref name="jumptwo"/> A [[High Performance Computing]] appliance was made available in a partnership with [[Teradata]] and [[EMC Greenplum]].<ref>
{{cite news
| first=Nicole
| last=Laskowski
| publisher=SearchBusinessAnalytics
| url=http://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/news/2240102699/SAS-ups-big-data-ante-with-high-performance-computing-platform
| title=SAS ups ‘big data’ ante with high-performance computing platform
| date=October 26, 2011
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| first=Madan
| last=Sheina
| coauthors=Surya Mukherjee
| publisher=Ovum
| url=http://ovum.com/2011/10/17/sas-adds-in-memory-to-high-performance-computing/
| title=SAS adds in-memory to high-performance computing
| date=October 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2011 the company released Enterprise Miner 7.1.<ref>
{{cite news
| first=James
| last=Taylor
| series=JT on EDM
| url=http://jtonedm.com/2011/11/11/first-look-sas-enterprise-miner-7-1/
| title=First Look – SAS Enterprise Miner 7.1
| date=November 11, 2011
| accessdate=October 4, 2013}}</ref>

==Market share==
SAS is the largest market-share holder in advanced analytics with 36.2 percent of the market as of 2012. It is the fifth largest market-share holder for BI software with a 6.9% share<Ref>
{{cite web
| title=Worldwide Business Analytics Software 2013-2017 Forecast and 2012 Vendor Shares
| url=http://idcdocserv.com/241689e_sas
| first=Dan
| last=Vesset
| coauthors=David Schubmehl, Brian McDonough and Mary Wardley
| publisher=IDC
| date=June 2013
| accessdate=October 2, 2013}}</ref> and the largest independent vendor. It competes in the BI market against conglomerates, such as SAP BusinessObjects, IBM Cognos, SPSS Modeler, Oracle Hyperion, and Microsoft BI.<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.bi-verdict.com/fileadmin/FreeAnalyses/consolidations.htm
| title=Consolidations in the BI industry
| date=March 7, 2008
| last=Pendse
| first=Nigel
| work=The OLAP Report}}</ref> SAS has been named in the Gartner Leader's Quadrant for Data Integration Tools<ref>
{{cite web
| title=Magic Quadrant for Data Integration Tools
| date=July 17, 2013
| first=Eric|last=Thoo
| coauthors=Ted Friedman and Mark Beyer
| url=http://www.gartner.com/technology/reprints.do?id=1-1HASRBP&ct=130717&st=sb
| publisher=Gartner}}</ref> and for Business Intelligence and Analytical Platforms.<ref>
{{cite web
| title=Magic Quadrant for Business Intelligence and Analytics Platforms
| date=February 5, 2013
| publisher=Gartner
| url=http://www.gartner.com/technology/reprints.do?id=1-1DZLPEP&ct=130207&st=sb
| accessdate=October 1, 2013
| first=Kurt
| last=Schlegel
| coauthors=Rita Sallam, Daniel Yuen and Joao Tapadinhas}}</ref> SAS was given the strongest position out of all the vendors evaluated in the Forrester Wave for Big Data Predictive Analytics Solutions.<Ref>
{{cite web
| title=The Forrester Wave: Big Data Predictive Analytics Solutions, Q1 2013
| url=http://www.forrester.com/pimages/rws/reprints/document/85601/oid/1-KWYFVB
| publisher=Forrester
| first=Mike
| last=Gualtieri
| date=January 3, 2013
| accessdate=October 1, 2013}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Comparison of OLAP Servers]]
* [[JMP (statistical software)]], also from [[SAS Institute Inc.]]
* [[SAS language]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite
| last1=Greenberg
| first1=Bernard G.
| last2=Cox
| first2=Gertrude M.
| authorlink2=Gertrude Mary Cox
| last3=Mason
| first3=David D.
| last4=Grizzle
| first4=James E.
| last5=Johnson
| first5=Norman L.
| last6=Jones
| first6=Lyle V.
| last7=Monroe
| first7=John
| last8=Simmons
| first8=Gordon D., Jr.
| editor=Nourse, E. Shepley
| journal=International Statistical Review
| title=Statistical Training and Research: The University of North Carolina System
|volume=46
| pages=171–207
| year=1978
| url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0306-7734(197808)46%3A2%3C171%3ASTARTU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S }}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikibooks|SAS}}
* [http://www.sas.com SAS homepage]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=a0Fc9dJby7EC&pg=PA321&dq=sas+%22library+engine%22+%22remote+library+services%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pmZNUsnbI6SHygHt4oHYAQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Glossary&f=false A Glossary of SAS terminology]
* [http://www.sascommunity.org/wiki/Main_Page The SAS customer community Wiki]
* [[Wikiversity:Data Analysis using the SAS Language]]
{{Statistical software}}