View source for Toki (train)

{{Short description|Japanese high-speed Shinkansen train service}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name        = ''Toki''
| image       = Series-E7-F21.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption     = E7 series set F21 on a ''Toki'' service in January 2021
| type        = [[Shinkansen]] ([[Shinkansen#Service names|Semi-express]])
| status      = Operational
| locale      = [[Honshu]], [[Japan]]
| predecessor = 
| first       = 10 June 1962 (Limited express)<br/>15 November 1982 (Shinkansen)
| successor   = 
| operator    = [[JR East]]
| formeroperator= [[JNR]]
| ridership   = 
| start       = {{STN|Tokyo}}
| stops       = 
| end         = {{STN|Niigata}}
| distance    = 
| journeytime = 
| frequency   = 
| trainnumber = 
| line_used   = [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]
| class       = Standard + Green + Gran Class
| access      = 
| seating     = 
| catering    = Trolley service
| stock       = [[E7 series]]
| gauge       = {{RailGauge|1435mm}}
| el          = 25 kV AC (50 Hz), overhead
| speed       = {{Convert|275|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}
| owners      = 
| routenumber =
| map         = 
| map_state   = 
}}

The {{Nihongo|'''''Toki'''''|とき}} is a high-speed [[Shinkansen]] train service operated by [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) on the [[Joetsu Shinkansen]] in Japan.<ref name="kotsu2008">{{cite book | script-title=ja: JR新幹線＆特急列車ファイル |trans-title= JR Shinkansen & Limited Express Train File| publisher = Kotsu Shimbun | year = 2008 | location = Japan | isbn = 978-4-330-00608-6}}</ref>

The name is taken from the Japanese name of the [[crested ibis]], for which Niigata is famous.

==Station Stops==
* {{STN|Tokyo}}
* {{STN|Ueno}}**
* {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}
* {{STN|Kumagaya}}*
* {{STN|Honjo-Waseda}}*
* {{STN|Takasaki}}**
* {{STN|Jomo-Kogen}}*
* {{STN|Echigo-Yuzawa}}*
* {{STN|Urasa}}*
* {{STN|Nagaoka}}**
* {{STN|Tsubame-Sanjo}}*
* {{STN|Niigata}}

(*) Not served by all trains

(**) Not served by Toki 311 only

==Rolling stock==
* [[E7 series]] 12-car sets (''Toki'') (from 3 March 2019)

<gallery>
File:Series-E7-F21.jpg|An E7 series set
</gallery>

===Former rolling stock===
* [[E1 series (train)|E1 series]] 12-car sets (''Max Toki'') (until 28 September 2012)
* [[200 Series Shinkansen|200 series]] 10-car sets (until 15 March 2013)
* [[E2 series]] 10-car sets (26 January 2013 until 17 March 2023)<ref name="railfan20130127">{{cite web |date=27 January 2013 |script-title=ja: 上越新幹線でE2系の定期運用再開 |trans-title=E2 series returns to regular duties on Joetsu Shinkansen |url=http://railf.jp/news/2013/01/27/160000.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023001046/http://railf.jp/archives/news/2013/01/27/160000.html |archive-date=23 October 2017 |access-date=23 October 2017 |work=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |publisher=Koyusha Co., Ltd. |language=ja |location=Japan}}</ref>
* [[E4 series]] 8-car sets (''Max Toki'') (until 1 October 2021)

<gallery>
File:JR East Shinkansen E1(renewal).jpg|A refurbished E1 series set
File:JNR200-K51.jpg|A refurbished 200 series set
File:E2 J4 omiya.JPG|A refurbished E2 series trainset
File:Series-E4-P20.jpg|A refurbished E4 series set
</gallery>

==History==

===Limited express===
[[File:JNR 181 series Kuha 180 Toki at Ueno Station.jpg|thumb|A 181 series EMU on a ''Toki'' service in 1982]]
The name ''Toki'' was first introduced on 10 June 1962 for [[limited express]] services operating between [[Ueno Station|Ueno]] in Tokyo and [[Niigata Station|Niigata]] on the [[Joetsu Line]].These services stopped at {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}}, {{STN|Minakami}}, {{STN|Echigo-Yuzawa}}, {{STN|Urasa}}, {{STN|Nagaoka}}, {{STN|Higashi-Sanjō}} and {{STN|Niitsu}} This service operated until 14 November 1982, the day before the [[Joetsu Shinkansen]] opened.<ref name="meikan1995">{{cite book | script-title=ja: 列車名鑑1995 |trans-title= Train Name Directory 1995| publisher = Railway Journal| date = August 1995 | location = Japan}}</ref>

===Shinkansen===
From the start of services on the newly opened [[Jōetsu Shinkansen]] on 15 November 1982, ''Toki'' became the name used for the all-stations shinkansen services operating initially between {{STN|Ōmiya|Saitama}} and Niigata, later between Ueno and Niigata, and eventually between {{STN|Tokyo}} and Niigata.<ref name="meikan1995"/>

The ''Toki'' name was discontinued from October 1997 following the introduction of new ''[[Tanigawa (train)|Tanigawa]]'' all-stations services between Tokyo and [[Echigo-Yuzawa Station|Echigo-Yuzawa]]. However, the name was reinstated from December 2002 to replace the name ''[[Asahi (train)|Asahi]]'' used for all Tokyo to Niigata trains.<ref name="kotsu2008"/>

[[E2 series]] 10-car sets were re-introduced on four return ''Toki'' services daily from 26 January 2013, operating at a maximum speed of {{Convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="railfan20130127"/><ref name="jreast20121116">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2012/20121112.pdf|script-title=ja:Ｅ２系車両を上越新幹線に投入！|trans-title= E2 series trains to be introduced on Joetsu Shinkansen|date= 16 November 2012|work= News Release|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 16 November 2012}}</ref>

The [[E4 series]] sets were retired at the beginning of October 2021, marking the end of bi-level high-speed trains operating on Shinkansen services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japanstation.com/jr-east-to-retire-the-last-double-decker-shinkansen-train/|title=JR East to Retire the Last Double-Decker Shinkansen Train – Japan Station}}</ref>

E2 series sets were removed from all ''Toki'' services (as well as the slower ''Tanigawa'' services on the Joetsu Shinkansen) on 18 March 2023 timetable revision as the line underwent an operating speed increase from {{Convert|240|to|275|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2022 |title=JR東日本，3月18日にダイヤ改正を実施 |trans-title=JR East Implements Schedule Revision Effective 18 March 2023 |url=https://railf.jp/news/2022/12/16/181000.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219021121/https://railf.jp/news/2022/12/16/181000.html |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |language=ja}}</ref>

==Special train services==
A special {{Nihongo|''Joetsu Shinkansen 30th Anniversary''|上越新幹線開業30周年号|Jōetsu Shinkansen Kaigyō 30-shūnen-gō}} service ran as ''Toki'' 395 from Omiya to Niigata on 17 November 2012 using 10-car 200 series set K47.<ref name="railfan20121118">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2012/11/18/060500.html|script-title=ja:"とき"395号「上越新幹線開業30周年記念号」運転|trans-title= Toki 395 "Joetsu Shinkansen 30th Anniversary" |date= 18 November 2012|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 18 November 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of named passenger trains of Japan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Toki (train)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722223020/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e1.html 200 series ''Yamabiko''/''Toki''/''Nasuno''/''Tanigawa''] {{in lang|ja}}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722223020/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e1.html |date=22 July 2011 |title=E1 series ''Max Toki''/''Max Tanigawa'' }} {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e4.html E4 series ''Max Toki''/''Max Tanigawa''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724223020/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e4.html |date=24 July 2017 }} {{in lang|ja}}

{{Shinkansen}}
{{JR East trains}}

[[Category:Jōetsu Shinkansen]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1962]]
[[Category:Named Shinkansen trains]]