View source for USS South Dakota (ACR-9)

{{Short description|United States Navy Pennsylvania-class armored cruiser}}
{{Other ships|USS South Dakota|USS Huron}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USSSouthDakotaACR9.jpg
|Ship caption=USS ''South Dakota'' (ACR-9), port bow view at anchor, location and date unknown.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1929}}
|Ship name=*''South Dakota'' (1908–1920)
*''Huron'' (1920–1929)
|Ship namesake=*State of [[South Dakota]]
*City of [[Huron, South Dakota|Huron]], South Dakota
|Ship ordered=7 June 1900
|Ship awarded=10 January 1901
|Ship original cost= $3,750,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)
|Ship builder=[[Union Iron Works]], [[San Francisco]], California
|Ship laid down= 30 September 1902
|Ship launched= 21 July 1904
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship sponsor=Miss F. Pardee
|Ship commissioned= 27 January 1908
|Ship decommissioned=17 June 1927
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed= ''Huron'', 7 June 1920
|Ship struck=15 November 1929
|Ship reclassified= CA-9, 17 July 1920
|Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]: ACR-9
*Hull symbol: CA-9
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=*Sold for scrap, 11 February 1930, in accordance with the provisions of the [[London Naval Treaty]]
*Subsequently sold to the [[Powell River, British Columbia|Powell River Co.]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] to be used as a [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]]
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (as built)
|Ship class={{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} [[armored cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=
*{{cvt|13680|LT|0|lk=in}} (standard)
*{{cvt|15138|LT|0}} (full load)
|Ship length=
*{{cvt|503|ft|11|in|lk=in}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{cvt|502|ft}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
|Ship beam={{cvt|69|ft|6|in}}
|Ship draft={{cvt|24|ft|1|in}} (mean)
|Ship power=
*16 × [[Babcock and Wilcox boiler#Babcock & Wilcox boiler|Babcock & Wilcox boilers]]
*{{cvt|23000|ihp|lk=in}}
|Ship propulsion=
*2 × [[Triple expansion engine|vertical triple expansion]] [[reciprocating engine]]s
*2 × [[Propeller|screw]]s
|Ship speed=
*{{cvt|22|kn|lk=in}}
*{{cvt|22.15|kn}} (Speed on [[Sea trial|Trials]])
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=80 officers 745 enlisted 64 [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]]
|Ship armament=
*4 × [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{cvt|8|in|0}}/40]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 5 [[Breech-loading weapon|breech-loading (BL) rifles]](2×2)
*14 × [[6-inch/50-caliber gun|{{cvt|6|in|0}}/50 cal]] Mark 6 BL rifles
*18 × [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{cvt|3|in|0}}/50 cal]] rapid-fire guns
*12 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|3-pounder]] ({{cvt|47|mm}}) [[Driggs-Schroeder]] guns
*2 × [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States|1-pounder]] ({{cvt|37|mm}}) Driggs-Schroeder [[Saluting guns#Heavy arms: gun salutes|saluting guns]]
*2 × [[American 18 inch torpedo|18 inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armor=
*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{cvt|6|in}} (top & waterline)
*{{cvt|5|in}} (bottom)
*'''[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]:''' {{cvt|1+1/2|in}}- 6 in (amidships)
*{{cvt|4|in}} (forward & aft)
*'''[[Barbette]]s:''' 6 in
*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]s:''' 6 - {{cvt|6+1/2|in}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{cvt|9|in}}|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (Pre-1911 Refit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXijAAAAMAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Naval Department | date=1 January 1914 | access-date=16 September 2015 | pages=24–31}}</ref>
|Ship armament=
*4 × [[8"/45 caliber gun|8 in/45]] cal Mark 6 BL rifles (2×2)
*14 × 6 in/50 cal Mark 6 BL rifles
*18 × 3 in/50 cal rapid-fire guns
*4 × 3-pounder (47 mm) Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
*2 × 18 in torpedo tubes
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (Pre-1921 Refit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2gYAQAAIAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels | year=1921 | publisher=US Navy | access-date=15 September 2015 | pages=50}}</ref>
|Ship armament=
*4 × 8 in/45 caliber Mark 6 BL rifles (2×2)
*14 × 6 in/50 Mark 6 caliber BL rifles
*10 × 3 in/50 caliber rapid-fire guns
*2 × 3 in/50 caliber [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]]
*4 × 3-pounder (47 mm) Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
*2 × 18 in torpedo tubes
}}
|}

The first '''USS ''South Dakota'' (ACR-9/CA-9)''', also referred to "Armored Cruiser No. 9", and later renamed '''''Huron''''', was a [[United States Navy]] {{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} [[armored cruiser]].

''South Dakota'' was laid down on 30 September 1902 by the [[Union Iron Works]], [[San Francisco, California]], she was launched on 21 July 1904; sponsored by Grace Herreid, daughter of [[Charles N. Herreid]], Governor of [[South Dakota]], and commissioned on 27 January 1908.<ref name=DANFS>{{cite web|title=South Dakota I (Armored Cruiser No. 9)|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/south-dakota-i--armored--cruiser-no--9--1902-1930.html|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | date=15 April 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref>

==Design==
An act of Congress authorized ''South Dakota'' on 7 June 1900. The ship's hull and machinery cost a contract total of $3,750,000. Her plant consisted of vertical triple expansion engines and 16 Babcock and Wilcox boilers, which powered two propellers. Four funnels, one cage mast, and one military mast provided a distinctive silhouette. One Type J submarine signal receiving set equipped the ship. Capt. Charles E. Fox reported on board as the ship's General Inspector on 30 August 1907. The cruiser completed her preliminary acceptance on 19 November.<ref name="DANFS" />

==Shakedown cruise==
''South Dakota'' began her [[Shakedown cruise|shakedown]] on 3 March 1908. The ship sailed from San Francisco to Mexican waters, carrying out trials in [[Magdalena Bay]] from 8 to 10 March, and on 11 and 12 March off [[Isla Cedros]]—the ship reported her movements off the Anglicized spelling of Cerros Island, contributing to debate among international navigators concerning the designation of the island. She came about and visited [[San Diego, California]] (13–24 March). ''South Dakota'' then made a brief voyage northward along the Californian coast and put into [[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]] through the end of the month, followed by a visit to [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] (1–5 April), returning to San Pedro on 5 and 6 April. On 8 and 9 April, the cruiser lay off the [[Mare Island Light]], and then visited [[San Francisco]]. ''South Dakota'' attained a speed of {{cvt|22.24|kn|lk=in}} on [[Sea trial|trials]].<ref name="DANFS" />

She then made for the Pacific Northwest to accomplish work associated with her shakedown, reaching [[Port Angeles, Washington]], on 12 April 1908, and (13–23 April) entering [[drydock]] at [[Puget Sound Navy Yard]], [[Bremerton, Washington]]. ''South Dakota'' floated from the drydock and then anchored off [[Anacortes, Washington]], from 23 to 25 April. Assigned to the Armored Cruiser Squadron, Pacific Fleet, ''South Dakota'' visited ''Seattle, Washington'', (25–27 April). The ship returned to [[Puget Sound]] to participate in a reception for the [[United States Fleet Forces Command#Expansion and contraction|Atlantic Fleet]] through 1 May. Following the reception, the cruiser completed her final acceptance trials off San Francisco through the end of May. ''South Dakota'' cruised off the west coast of the United States into August. She departed San Francisco in company with {{USS|Tennessee|ACR-10|2}} on 24 August, arriving on 23 September at [[Pago Pago, Samoa]].<ref name="DANFS" />

==Service history==

===Pre-World War I===
''South Dakota'' sailed easterly courses to operate in Central and South American waters in September.  In the autumn of 1909, she deployed westward with the Armored Cruiser Squadron. The force called at ports in the [[Admiralty Islands]], the [[Philippines]], Japan, and China, before returning to [[Honolulu]] on 31 January 1910.<ref name="DANFS" />

In February, ''South Dakota'' joined {{USS|Tennessee|ACR-10|2}} to form a [[Special Service Squadron]] which cruised off the Atlantic coast of South America and then returned to the Pacific late in the year.

Following operations along the Pacific coast during much of 1911, ''South Dakota'' began a cruise in December with the Armored Cruiser Squadron which took her from California to the Hawaiian Islands, the [[Mariana Islands|Marianas]], the Philippines, and Japan. After returning to the west coast in August 1912, she participated in periodic squadron exercises until she was placed in reserve on 30 December 1913 at the [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility|Puget Sound Navy Yard]].

Detached from the [[Pacific Reserve Fleet|Reserve Force, Pacific Fleet]] on 17 April 1914, ''South Dakota'' made a cruise southward into Mexican waters in May and another westward to the Hawaiian Islands in August. She returned to [[Bremerton, Washington|Bremerton]] on 14 September and reverted to reserve status on 28 September. She was the [[flagship]] of the Reserve Force, Pacific Fleet, from 21 January 1915 until relieved by the [[protected cruiser]] {{USS|Milwaukee|C-21|2}} on 5 February 1916. She remained in reduced commission through 1916, and on 5 April 1917 she was again placed in full commission.

===World War I===
[[File:USS South Dakota ACR-9 165-WW-335D-015.jpg|thumb|left|USS ''South Dakota'' in 1916]]
Transferred to the Atlantic after the United States entered World War I, ''South Dakota'' departed Bremerton on 12 April. She joined [[sister ship]]s {{USS|Pittsburgh|ACR-4|2}}, {{USS|Pueblo|ACR-7|2}}, and {{USS|Frederick|ACR-8|2}} at [[Colón, Panama]], on 29 May; thence proceeded to the [[South Atlantic]] for patrol duty operating from Brazilian ports. On 2 November 1918, she escorted troop [[convoy]]s from the east coast to the mid-Atlantic rendezvous point where British cruisers joined the convoy. Following the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|Armistice]], ''South Dakota'' made two voyages from [[Brest, France]], to New York, returning troops to the U.S.

===Post-war===
In the summer of 1919, ''South Dakota'' was ordered back to the Pacific to serve as flagship of the [[United States Asiatic Fleet|Asiatic Fleet]], arriving at [[Manila]] on 27 October. ''South Dakota'' was renamed '''''Huron'''''---in order to free up her original name for use with the projected {{sclass|South Dakota|battleship|||1920}}, {{USS|South Dakota|BB-49|2}}---on 7 June 1920 and was designated '''CA-9''' on 17 July 1920. She served in the Asiatic Fleet for the next seven years, operating in Philippine waters during the winter and out of [[Shanghai]] and [[Yantai]] during the summer. On 25 February 1925, she ran aground off [[Palawayan Island]] in the [[Netherlands East Indies]];<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=U.S. cruiser aground |date=26 February 1925 |page=11 |issue=43896 |column=E }}</ref> she was refloated the next day.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=U.S. Cruiser refloated |date=27 February 1925 |page=11 |issue=43897 |column=C }}</ref>

Ordered home, ''Huron'' departed Manila on 31 December 1926 and arrived at the Puget Sound Navy Yard on 3 March 1927. She was decommissioned on 17 June and remained in reserve until she was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 15 November 1929. She was sold on 11 February 1930 for scrapping in accordance with the [[London Naval Treaty]] for the limitation and reduction of naval armament, for scrapping to Abe Goldberg and Co., Seattle, Wash.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Huron'' was stripped down to the waterline and then sold to the Powell River Company, Ltd. In August 1931, the ship was towed to [[Powell River, British Columbia]], Canada, to serve as a floating breakwater for a large logging mill. She was preceded the previous year by the former cruiser {{USS|Charleston|C-22|2}}. ''Huron'' was anchored into position and rainwater was periodically pumped out to ensure she remained afloat. On 18 February 1961, a storm flooded the hulk of the old cruiser, and she sank in {{cvt|80|ft}} of water, where she remains to this day. Coincidentally, some of the iron for her hull came from [[Texada Island]], merely {{cvt|5|mi|nmi km}} from her Powell River resting place.
<ref>[http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/USS_South_Dakota.html USS ''South Dakota'' page at Coast Artillery Corps Unit Histories in WWI]</ref>

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}

*Alden, John D. ''American Steel Navy: A Photographic History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-87021-248-6}}
*Friedman, Norman. ''U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-87021-718-6}}
*Musicant, Ivan. ''U.S. Armored Cruisers: A Design and Operational History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-87021-714-3}}
*{{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I|author=Taylor, Michael J.H.|publisher= Studio|year=1990|isbn=1-85170-378-0}}
{{Refend}}
{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/south-dakota-i--armored--cruiser-no--9--1902-1930.html}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS South Dakota (ACR-9)}}
*{{navsource|04/acr9/acr9|USS ''South Dakota''}}
*[http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/cruisers/acr9.txt hazegray.org: USS ''South Dakota'']
*[http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/USS_South_Dakota.html USS ''South Dakota'' page at Coast Artillery Corps Unit Histories in WWI] - includes accounts of some crew members

{{Pennsylvania class cruiser}}
{{1925 shipwrecks}}
{{1961 shipwrecks}}
{{coord|49.869|N|124.560|W|display=title}}<!-- approx location of sunken ship -->

{{DEFAULTSORT:South Dakota (ACR-9)}}
[[Category:Pennsylvania-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built in San Francisco]]
[[Category:1904 ships]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1925]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1961]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in rivers]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the British Columbia coast]]
[[Category:Ships sunk as breakwaters]]
[[Category:Ships built by Union Iron Works]]