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== The Roman Empire ==
[[File:Asia Minor Map.jpeg|thumb|This is a map including the Roman Empire and its protectorates.]]
Time Period: The Second Triumvirate to the Augustinian Period (Including Nero).
== The Second Triumvirate ==
=== Definition ===
A triumvirate is a political alliance of world powers.
=== Details of the Second Triumvirate ===
==== Members ====
There were three world powers in the Second Triumvirate: Octavius (Augustus) Caesar, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony.
===== Biographies on the Members =====
[[File:Caesar-augustus1.jpg|thumb|Gaius Octavius, later Caesar Augustus.]]

==== Octavius Caesar  ====
Augustus Caesar was born September 23, 63 BCE as Gaius Octavius.  He was characterized as a skillful and wise young man by his great-uncle Julius.  When Julius Caesar was assassinated, Augustus was appointed the leader of Rome.  Rome was very strong under his rule.  He is the accredited creator of a system of government similar to the previous Republic, which his great-uncle had destroyed, that Rome held up for three hundred years.<!-- I wonder if he had eight sides?
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==== Marcus Aemilius Lepidus ====
Lepidus used his father's name to becmoe a political leader early on in life.  He was feared by the people he was ruler over because of his sharp wit and cunning skills with his army.  He was made Praetor prior to his cooperation with the second triumvirate.

==== Mark Antony ====
Mark Antony was born January 14th, 83 BCE.  He was the third member of the second triumvirate.  He was the main rival of Octavius Caesar for the throne of the Roman Empire.  

==== Dates ====
The Second Triumvirate was formed on the twenty-sixth of November 43 BCE.  (BCE stands for Before Common Era, otherwise known as BC.)

== Tiberius: 14 - 37 CE ==
[[File:09classic09l.jpg|thumb|Tiberius, the bad judge of character that was Rome's Emperor after Augustus.]]
Birth:  November 16, 42 BCE.

Death:  March 16, 37 CE.

Reign:  14 - 37 CE

Tiberius was never expected to be the heir of Rome.  He only was made Emperor because of the deaths of Julia's two sons.  Tiberius was politically unstable, and was not wanted for an heir by Augustus.  He was very dark, and jealous, and brought Rome into a period of darkness.

The members of the Senate did not trust him, and he tried to act as Augustus did before him.

=== Political inability ===
He was unable to act when the armies in northern Rome were thinking of mutynizing, so he sent his nephew Germanium to rally them.  Sure enough, he did and to try and dissuade him from the throne, Tiberius made Germanium the governor of the northern states.

== Caligula: 37 - 41 CE ==
Birth: August 12 CE

Death: January 41 CE

Reign: 37 - 41 CE

=== Strong Youth ===
Though he was young, Caligula was known as a cruel and unpredictable ruler.  He was reported to have brought back old trials and put people to death for things that they had been jailed for longer than he had been a live for.  He was known for his lunacy and his lust for everything.  He was lashing out in anger toward Tiberius, his grandfather, for having been the cause of his fathers death.

=== Assassination ===
Caligula was assassinated by Cassius in the year 41 CE.

== Claudius: 41 - 54 CE ==
Birth: 10 BCE

Death: 54 CE

Reign: 41 - 54 CE

Claudius was actually a good guy!  He had a sense of humor, and knew how to laugh at his own clumsiness.  He had a horrible taste in women however, as this would prove fatal later on.  He was severely disfigured by a serious illness at a young age.  

=== Work Ethic ===
Claudius was known to start his work as emperor just after midnight.  He worked really hard at his job, and won over the 'pleebs', or the working class of Rome.  He won their approval, and even improved the judicial system of Rome.  He had an overwhelming respect for his people.  He was even reported to apologize to visitors when there wasn't enough chairs to seat them.

=== When it All Caught Up to Him ===
His first wife, Messalina was fleeing trouble to a nearby town and got assassinated.  Claudius's reaction is priceless, instead of asking how she died, he just asks for more wine.  His next move isn't the best, because he decides to marry his niece, Agrippina.  Agrippina goes to the royal house with only one objective, to have her son, Nero on the throne.  She tells Claudius to disown his own son, Britannica, (probably a smart guy) and adopt Nero.  He does, (because he's whipped) and to make a long story short, she takes him out by poisoning him with mushrooms.

== Nero:  The End of the Julio-Claudian Period ==

=== Nero ===
[[File:Nero Glyptothek Munich 321.jpg|thumb|Nero, Roman emperor after Claudius, the successor of Octavius.]]Nero was born December 15, 37 CE.  He reigned over Rome from October 54 CE until his death on the 9th of July, 68 CE.

==== Family ====
Below is a family tree of Nero, dating back to Gaius Octavius.  His mother is Agrippina, the second wife of Claudius.

=== Characteristics ===
He had a strong head about him, and knew how to rule Rome.  But as we see in history, he didn't act on that knowledge.  He was a man of many paradoxes, as he was both sensual and brutal.  He was reportedly a bisexual, and cared deeply for his appearance, even though it had been marred since the day he was born.{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree|LD| |PC| |MC| |JN| |GO| |ABC| |TC| |LI| |LV|LD=[[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 54 BC)|Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus]]|PC=[[Porcia (sister of Cato the Younger)|Porcia Catonis]]|MC=[[Marcus Antonius Creticus]]|JN=[[Julia Antonia]]|GO=[[Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC)|Gaius Octavius]]|ABC=[[Atia Balba Caesonia]]|TC=[[Tiberius Claudius Nero (praetor 42 BC)|Tiberius Claudius Nero]]|LI=[[Livia]]|LV=[[Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa]]}}
{{familytree|`|-|-|v|-|'| | | |`|-|v|-|'| | |`|-|v|-|-|'| | | |`|v|-|-|'| | | |`|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|!|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!}}
{{familytree| | |GD| |AE| |MA| | | | |OY| | | | | |NE| |AU| |SC| |MVA|GD=[[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32 BC)|Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus]]|AE=[[Aemilia Lepida]]|MA=[[Mark Antony]]|OY=[[Octavia the Younger]]|NE=[[Nero Claudius Drusus]]|MVA=[[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa]]|AU=[[Augustus]]|SC=[[Scribonia]]}}
{{familytree| | | |`|-|v|-|'| | | |`|-|-|v|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | |!| | | |`|-|v|-|'| | | |!}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!}}
{{familytree| | | | |LD| | | | | | |AM| |AY| | | | | | |!| | | | |JE| | | | |!|LD=[[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC)|Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus]]|AM=[[Antonia the Elder]]|AY=[[Antonia Minor]]|JE=[[Julia the Elder]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |`|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|'| | | |`|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|'| | | | | |`|-|-|v|-|-|'| }}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|!|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | |GD| |DY| |MV| | |GE| | | | | | | | | | |AE| |CL|GD=[[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32)|Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus]]|GE=[[Germanicus]]|AE=[[Agrippina the Elder]]|CL=[[Claudius]]|DY=[[Domitia Lepida the Younger]]|MV=[[Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |`|-|v|-|'| | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | |!}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |!| | |ME| | | | | | | | | | | | | |AY| |CA| | | | |!| | | | |AY=[[Agrippina the Younger]]|CA=[[Caligula]]|ME=[[Messalina]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|!|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|!|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |NE| |CO| |BR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |NE='''Nero'''|CO=[[Claudia Octavia]]|BR=[[Britannicus]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==== Crime? ====
Nero was believed to have caused the Great Fire of Rome in 64 CE to clear land for his palatial complex.  Since he was facing trial and declared public enemy, he committed suicide to escape the punishment from his fellow Romans.