View source for User:Havsjö/sandbox

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Pacific War
| partof            = [[World War II]]
| image             = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=300
|image1= Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, larger - edit1.jpg
|alt1=
|image2= Carrier shokaku.jpg
|alt2=
|image3= Nagasakibomb.jpg
|alt3=
|image4= USS Bunker Hill hit by two Kamikazes.jpg
|alt4=
|image5= 1944 Operation Ichigo IJA invaded Henan.jpg
|alt5=
|image6= Indian troops wade ashore at Akyab, Burma, January 1945. SE2418.jpg
|alt6=}}Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist|
* [[United States Marine Corps|US Marines]] raise the flag over [[Battle of Iwo Jima|Iwo Jima]]
* Japanese [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service|naval aircraft]] prepare for takeoff to attack [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Pearl Harbor]]
* [[USS Bunker Hill (CV-17)|USS Bunker Hill]] after being struck by [[Kamikaze]]s
* Indian soldiers during the [[Burma campaign]]
* Japanese soldiers in China during [[Operation Ichi-Go]]
* Mushroom cloud over [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]
}}
| image_size        = 300
| caption           = 
| date              = 7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945<br/>(3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days){{efn|Although Japan had been [[Second Sino-Japanese war|invading China]] since 1937, war was not officially declared. Japan would later [[attack on Pearl Harbor|attack Pearl Harbor]] on 7 December 1941, which brought the contained war in China into the wider global conflict.<ref name="Hsi-sheng1992"/>}}<ref name=":0">{{cite book |first= Youli |last=Sun |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iq5ypmhKxUC&pg=PA185 |title=China and the Origins of the Pacific War, 1931–41 |date=15 September 1996 |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |page= 11 |isbn=978-0-31216454-6 }}</ref>
| place             = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{hlist|[[East Asia]]|[[South Asia]]|[[Southeast Asia]]|[[Oceania]]}} |{{hlist|[[Pacific Ocean]]|[[Indian Ocean]]}}}}
| coordinates       = 
| map_type          = 
| map_relief        = 
| map_size          = 
| map_caption       = 
| result            = [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] victory
| territory         = [[Occupation of Japan|Allied occupation of Japan]]


| combatant1        = 
{{clist|title='''[[Allies of World War II|Allies]]:'''
|{{flag|United States|1912}}
*{{flagcountry|Commonwealth of the Philippines}}
|{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=China}}{{efn|[[Second Sino-Japanese War|Since July 1937]]}}
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
*{{flagcountry|British Raj}}
*{{flagcountry|British Burma}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Malaya (1896–1950).svg}} [[British Malaya|Malaya]]
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Dutch government-in-exile|Netherlands]]
*{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Dutch East Indies]]
|{{flagcountry|USSR|1936}}{{efn|name=fr45|[[Soviet–Japanese War|From August 1945]]}}
|{{flagcountry|MPR|1945}}{{efn|name=fr45}}
}}

| combatant2        = 
{{clist|title='''[[Axis Powers|Axis]]:'''
|{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
*{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Japanese Korea|Korea]]
*{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Japanese Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|'''Client states:'''
|{{flag|Manchukuo|name=Manchuria}}
|{{flagdeco|ROC}} [[Wang Jingwei regime|China (Nanjing)]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (non-standard colours 2).svg}} [[Thailand]]
|{{flagcountry|State of Burma}}
|{{flagcountry|Second Philippine Republic}}
|{{flagcountry|Azad Hind|name=Free India}}
}}

| commander1        = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]<br>{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Harry S. Truman]]<br>{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[George C. Marshall]]<br>{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Ernest J. King]]<br>{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Douglas MacArthur]]<br>{{flagdeco|USA|1912}} [[Chester W. Nimitz]]<br>{{flagdeco|ROC}} [[Jiang Jieshi]]<br>{{flagdeco|ROC}} [[He Yingqin]]<br>{{flagdeco|ROC}} [[Chen Cheng]]<br>{{flagdeco|ROC}} [[Xu Yongchang]]<br>{{flagdeco|UK}} [[Winston Churchill]]<br>{{flagdeco|UK}} [[Archibald Wavell]]<br>{{flagdeco|UK}} [[Louis Mountbatten]]<br>{{flagdeco|AUS}} [[John Curtin]]<br>{{flagdeco|AUS}} [[Thomas Blamey]]<br>{{flagdeco|NZ}} [[Peter Fraser]]<br>{{flagdeco|NLD}} [[Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer|A. T. van Starkenborgh]]<br>{{flagdeco|USSR|1936}} [[Iosif Stalin]]<br>{{flagdeco|USSR|1936}} [[Aleksandr Vasilevsky]]}}

| commander2        = {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Hirohito]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Tojo Hideki]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Kuniaki Koiso|Koiso Kuniaki]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Shigetarō Shimada|Shimada Shigetaro]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Hajime Sugiyama|Sugiyama Hajime]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Osami Nagano|Nagano Osami]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Hisaichi Terauchi|Terauchi Hisaichi]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Shunroku Hata|Hata Shunroku]]<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Isoroku Yamamoto|Yamamoto Isoroku]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Soemu Toyoda|Toyoda Someu]]<br>{{flagdeco|Manchukuo}} [[Puyi]]<br>{{flagdeco|ROC}} [[Wang Jingwei]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (non-standard colours 2).svg}} [[Plaek Phibunsongkhram|P. Phibunsongkhram]]<br>{{flagdeco|State of Burma}} [[Ba Maw]]<br>{{flagdeco|Second Philippine Republic}} [[José P. Laurel]]<br>{{flagdeco|Azad Hind}} [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]




| strength1         = 
| strength2         = 
| casualties1       = 
| casualties2       = 

}}
{{notelist}}




{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Vietnam War
| partof            = the [[Indochina Wars]] and the [[Cold War]]
| image             = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=300
| image1= U.S. Army UH-1H Hueys insert ARVN troops at Khâm Đức, Vietnam, 12 July 1970 (79431435).jpg
| alt1=
| image2=Pavnbattle.jpg
| alt2=
| image3=Hue Massacre Interment.jpg
| alt3=
| image4=Flame Thrower. Operation New Castle. - NARA - 532488.tif
| alt4=
| image5=A-4C Skyhawks of VA-146 fly past USS Kearsarge (CVS-33) in the South China Sea on 12 August 1964 (USN 1107965).jpg
| alt5=
| image6=Execution of Nguyen Van Lem.jpg
| alt6=}}Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist|
* American Huey helicopters insert South Vietnamese troops, 1970.
* North Vietnamese soldiers in action, {{circa|1966}}.
* [[United States Marine Corps|American marines]] use a [[flamethrower]], 1967.
* South Vietnamese general [[Nguyễn Ngọc Loan]] summarily executes Viet Cong officer [[Execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém|Nguyễn Văn Lém]] during the [[Tet Offensive]].
* Two A-4C Skyhawk's fly past the anti-submarine aircraft carrier [[USS Kearsarge (CVS-33)|USS Kearsarge]], 1964.
* Civilians in Hue [[Huế massacre|massacred]] by American troops.
}}
| date              = 1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=11|day1=1|year1=1955|month2=04|day2=30|year2=1975}}){{Refn|Due to the early presence of U.S. troops in Vietnam, the start date of the Vietnam War is a matter of debate. In 1998, after a high level review by the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (DoD) and through the efforts of [[Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr.|Richard B. Fitzgibbon's]] family, the start date of the Vietnam War according to the U.S. government was officially changed to 1 November 1955.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Name of Technical Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon to be added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense (DoD)]] |url=http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=1902 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020044326/http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=1902 |archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref> U.S. government reports currently cite 1 November 1955 as the commencement date of the "Vietnam Conflict", because this date marked when the U.S. [[Military Assistance Advisory Group]] (MAAG) in Indochina (deployed to Southeast Asia under President Truman) was reorganized into country-specific units and MAAG Vietnam was established.<ref name="Lawrence">{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=A.T. |title=Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant |publisher=McFarland |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7864-4517-2}}</ref>{{Rp|20}}
Other start dates include when Hanoi authorized Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam to begin a low-level insurgency in December 1956,{{Sfn|Olson|Roberts|2008|p=67}} whereas some view 26 September 1959, when the first battle occurred between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese army, as the start date.<ref name="WarBegan">{{Cite book |title=The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1 |publisher=Beacon Press |year=1971 |location=Boston |at=Section 3, pp. 314–346 |chapter=Chapter 5, Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960 |access-date=17 August 2008 |chapter-url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |archive-date=19 October 2017 |url-status=dead |via=International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College}}</ref> |group="A"|name="start date"}}<ref name="mtholyoke.edu">{{Cite report |url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |title=The Paris Agreement on Vietnam: Twenty-five Years Later |date=April 1998 |publisher=The Nixon Center |location=Washington, DC |access-date=5 September 2012 |type=Conference Transcript |via=International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901153020/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| place             = [[South Vietnam]], [[North Vietnam]], [[Cambodia (1953–1970)|Cambodia]], [[Kingdom of Laos|Laos]], [[South China Sea]], [[Gulf of Thailand]]
| territory         = Reunification of [[North Vietnam]] and [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|South Vietnam]] into the [[Vietnam|Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]
| result            = [[North Vietnam]]ese and [[Viet Cong]] victory
* [[Vietnamization|Withdrawal]] of US coalition's forces from Vietnam in 1973 after the [[Paris Peace Accords]]
* Communist forces take power in [[South Vietnam]], [[Democratic Kampuchea|Cambodia]] and [[Laos]]
* Start of the "[[Vietnamese boat people|boat people]]" and [[Indochina refugee crisis|refugee]] crises
* Start of the [[Cambodian genocide]] and the [[Third Indochina War]]


| combatant1        = {{flag|North Vietnam}}<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|1975}} [[Viet Cong]]<br>{{flagdeco|Laos}} [[Pathet Lao]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} [[Khmer Rouge]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[Khmer Rumdo]]<br>'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|North Korea}}

| combatant2        = {{flag|United States|1960}}<br>{{flag|South Vietnam}}<br>{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Laos}}<br>{{flag|Khmer Republic}}<br>{{flag|South Korea}}<br>{{flag|Australia}}<br>{{flag|New Zealand}}<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (non-standard colours 2).svg}} [[Thailand]]<br>'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|Philippines}}<br>{{flag|Taiwan}}

| commander1        = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|North Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh]]<br>{{flagdeco|North Vietnam}} [[Lê Duẩn|Le Duan]]<br>{{flagdeco|North Vietnam}} [[Lê Đức Thọ|Le Duc Tho]]<br>{{flagdeco|North Vietnam}} [[Võ Nguyên Giáp|Vo Nguyn Giap]]<br>{{flagdeco|North Vietnam}} [[Văn Tiến Dũng|Van Tien Dung]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|1975}} [[Nguyễn Chí Thanh|Nguyen Chi Thanh]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|1975}} [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ|Nguyen Huu Tho]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|1975}} [[Trần Văn Trà|Tran Van Tra]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|1975}} [[Hoàng Văn Thái|Hoang Van Thai]]<br>{{flagdeco|Laos}} [[Souphanouvong]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} [[Saloth Sar]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[Norodom Sihanouk]]}}

| commander2        = {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|United States|1960}} [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]<br>{{flagdeco|United States|1960}} [[Richard Nixon]]<br>{{flagdeco|United States|1960}} [[Robert McNamara]]<br>{{flagdeco|United States|1960}} [[William Westmoreland]]<br>{{flagdeco|United States|1960}} [[Creighton Abrams]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam}} [[Ngo Dinh Diem]]{{KIA|Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem}}<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu|Nguyen Van Thieu]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Cao Kỳ|Nguyen Cao Ky]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Vietnam}} [[Cao Văn Viên|Cao Van Vien]]<br>{{flagdeco|Kingdom of Laos}} [[Souvanna Phouma]]<br>{{flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}} [[Lon Nol]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Park Chung Hee]]<br>{{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Chae Myung-shin]]<br>{{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Robert Menzies]]<br>{{flagdeco|Australia}} [[Harold Holt]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Thailand (non-standard colours 2).svg}} [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]}}

| strength1         = 
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}}
















'''{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Hinrich Lohse]]'''<br>'''{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Hans-Adolf Prützmann]]'''<br>'''{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Friedrich Jeckeln]]'''<br>'''{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski]]'''<br>'''Estonia:'''<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Karl-Siegmund Litzmann]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Hinrich Möller]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Walther Schröder]]<br>{{flagdeco|Estonia}} [[Hjalmar Mäe]]<br>{{flagdeco|Estonia}} [[Johannes Soodla]]<br>{{flagdeco|Estonia}} {{ill|Arnold Sinka|et|}}<br>'''Latvia:'''<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Otto-Heinrich Drechsler]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Walther Schröder]]<br>{{flagdeco|Latvia}} [[Oskars Dankers]]<br>{{flagdeco|Latvia}} [[Voldemārs Veiss]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Latvia}} {{ill|Rūdolfs Bangerskis|lv|}}<br>'''Lithuania:'''<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Adrian von Renteln]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Lucian Wysocki]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Hermann Harm]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Kurt Hintze]]<br>{{flagdeco|Lithuania}} [[Petras Kubiliūnas]]<br>{{flagdeco|Lithuania}} [[Antanas Špokevičius]]<br>{{flagdeco|Lithuania}} [[Povilas Plechavičius]]<br>'''Belarus:'''<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Wilhelm Kube]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Curt von Gottberg]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Jakob Sporrenberg]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Carl Zenner]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Karl Schäfer (SS-Brigadeführer)|Karl Schäfer]]<br>{{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Erich Ehrlinger]]<br>{{flagdeco|Belarus|1991}} [[Radasłaŭ Astroŭski]]<br>{{flagdeco|Belarus|1991}} [[Francišak Kušal]]<br>{{flagdeco|Belarus|1991}} [[Ivan Yermachenka]]