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==Elected or appointed female presidents in latin america==

Despite having a well known culture of [[machismo]], Latin America has made huge strides in women's political representation. As of October 2024, 13 women in 11 countries<ref>{{cite web |last1=America |first1=Voz de |title=Las 13 mujeres que han sido presidentas en América Latina |url=https://www.vozdeamerica.com/a/en-fotos-mujeres-presidentas-en-latinoamerica/6474251.html |website=Voz de America |publisher=Voz de America |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>have served as constitutional president of their country.

==Political Spectrum==
Most of these women are part of the [[pink tide]] movement. Leaders such as [[Michelle Bachelet|Bachelet]], [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Fernandez de Kirchner]], [[Dilma Rousseff|Rousseff]], [[Xiomara Castro|Castro]], and [[Claudia Sheinbaum|Sheinbaum Pardo]] all fall under this movement. The Pink Tide movement is on the left of the spectrum and includes ideologies like[[File:Jeanine Áñez. 12 November 2019, Ministry of Communication, Palacio Quemado, La Paz.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Jeanine Áñez]] after assuming power]] [[socialism of the 21st century]], [[democratic socialism]], [[Left-wing populism]], [[anti-neoliberalism]], and [[left-wing nationalism]]. Although the majority of these women leaders are to the left of center, some classify themselves as centrists or conservatives. Bolivia's [[Jeanine Añez]] is an example of this. Apon assuming Bolivia's presidency during the [[2019 Bolivian political crisis]], held up a protestant bible as a symbol of conservatism. Other leaders such as [[Dina Boluarte|Boluarte]] have been described as political chameleons.

[[File:Ex-President Juan Domingo Perón van Argentinië Perón en zijn tweede echtgenote , Bestanddeelnr 926-0240 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Isabel and Juan Perón in Spain in 1972]]

==Assumption of Power==
[[Isabel Martinez de Peron]] has the distinction of being the first woman in the world to hold the title of president of an any country, though not the first to be [[head of government]]. Rather than being elected to the position of president, she assumed the presidency following the death of president [[Juan Peron]], under who she served both as [[First Lady]], and [[ vice president]]. This is a common situation. Of 13 women, 5 assumed the presidency in the absence of a president. These leaders include [[Isabel Perón|Peron]], [[Lidia Gueiler|Gueiler]], [[Rosalía Arteaga|Arteaga]], [[Jeanine Áñez|Añez]], and [[Dina Boluarte|Boluarte]]. 

==Election==
Of 13 individual women, 8 were elected to power at least once, the first being [[Violeta Chamorro]] in the [[1990 Nicaraguan general election]] in which she defeated [[Daniel Ortega]]. 5 of these elected women fall under the pink tide movement as previously mentioned. Centrists like [[Laura Chinchilla]] have also been elected. [[Michelle Bachelet|Bachelet]], [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Fernandez de Kirchner]], and [[Dilma Rousseff|Rousseff]] are the only three to have been to a second term and the former two the only to complete two terms. Although only a few have been elected, many more have ran. A notable candidate is [[Sandra Torres]] of [[File: Sandra Torres 2019 (croppedb).jpg|thumb|right|Torres during the 2019 election]] [[Guatemala]] who has been the candidate for her [[National Unity of Hope]] party in three consecutive elections, and attempted to run in the [[2011 Guatemalan general election]] but was barred from doing so as she was married to the incumbent president, [[Alvaro Colom]]; The [[Constitution of Guatemala]] bars immediate family members of the incumbent president to run in elections.
[[Mexico]] is a notable example of two women running for the presidency. The [[2024 Mexican general election]] delivered an overwhelming majority of the vote to for Governor of [[Mexico City]], [[Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo]] against her opponent; business woman and senator [[Xochitl Galvez]].

==Male Mentors==
Despite electoral success and progress for women's representation in politics, there is an undeniable trend that can be observed in all 5 of the pink tide leaders. It is that they run to succeed an immensely popular and politically successful male president. Often these male mentors have groomed these women for years to take over for them when their terms are over. the most notable examples of this are in [[Brazil]] and more recently, [[Mexico]]. In 2010, incumbent Brazilian president [[Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva]] hand selected his chief of staff [[Dilma Rousseff]] to run in the [[2010 Brazilian general election]] as the candidate for Lula's [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Worker's Party]]. She won the election and reelection in 2014. In Mexico, incumbent president [[Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador]] was succeeded by his long time ally and [[Head of Government of Mexico City|Governor of Mexico City]], [[Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo]]. They are not only close politically, some leaders are even married to former presidents. This was the case in [[Argentina]] during the [[2007 Argentine general election]] in which incumbent president [[Nestor Kirchner]] was succeeded by his wife, [[Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner]]. Notably, the previously mentioned [[Peron]]es were also married making both of Argentina's women presidents also former First Ladies. Current Honduran president, [[Xiomara Castro]] is also a former First Lady. She is married to former president [[Manuel Zelaya]] who was overthrown in the [[2009 Honduran coup d'état]]. 

==List of Leaders==

This list includes women who were elected by national [[popular vote]], or ascended to their country's presidency. The list does not include women who served as interim or acting head of state such as [[El Salvador]]'s [[Claudia Rodriguez de Guevara]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Times |title=El Salvador sees a surprise presidential shift |url=https://ticotimes.net/2023/12/01/rodriguez-de-guevara-el-salvadors-new-interim-president |website=Tico Times |publisher=Tico times |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>This list has a strict definition of Latin America ([[Hispanic]] or Portuguese speaking countries in continental Latin America) This list excludes countries in the Caribbean such as Haiti and French speaking countries on the continent such as French Guiana, or multi cultural and lingual countries like Belize.
{{legend|#9BDDFF|[[Incumbent]]}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Name
! class=unsortable | Portrait
! Country
! Office
! Mandate start
! Mandate<br/>end
! Term length
! Head of state<br/>or government
! Executive<br/>or non-executive
|-
|[[Isabel Martinez de Perón]]
|[[File:María Estela Martínez Cartas de Perón.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[President of Argentina|President]]
|{{sort|1974-07-01|1 July 1974}}
|{{sort|1976-03-24|24 March 1976}}
|{{ayd|1974|7|1|1976|3|24}}
|Head of state<br/>and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Lidia Gueiler Tejada]]
|[[File:Lidia Gueiler 1980.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|[[President of Bolivia|President]]
|{{sort|1979-11-16|16 November 1979}}
|{{sort|1980-07-17|17 July 1980}}
|{{ayd|1979|11|16|1980|7|17}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro]]
|[[File:Violeta Chamorro 1993.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|[[President of Nicaragua|President]]
|{{sort|1990-04-25|25 April 1990}}
|{{sort|1997-01-10|1 January 1997}}
|{{ayd|1990|04|25|1997|01|10}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Rosalía Arteaga Serrano]]
|
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|[[President of Ecuador|President]]
|{{sort|1997-02-09|9 February 1997}}
|{{sort|1997-02-11|11 February 1997}}
|{{ayd|1997|02|09|1997|02|11}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Mireya Moscoso Rodriguez]]
|[[File:Mireya Moscoso in 2012.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Panama}}
|[[President of Panama|President]]
|{{sort|1999-09-01|1 September 1999}}
|{{sort|2004-09-01|1 September 2004}}
|{{ayd|1999|09|01|2004|09|01}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Michelle Bachelet]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Portrait Michelle Bachelet.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Chile}}
| rowspan="2"@ |[[President of Chile|President]]
|{{sort|2006-03-11|11 March 2006}}
|{{sort|2010-03-11|11 March 2010}}
|4 years
| rowspan="2" |Head of state<br/>and government
| rowspan="2" |Executive
|-
|{{sort|2014-03-11|11 March 2014}}
|{{sort|2018-03-11|11 March 2018}}
|4 years
|-
|[[Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner]]
|[[File:Cristinakirchnermensaje2010.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|[[President of Argentina|President]]
|{{sort|2007-12-10|10 December 2007}}
|{{sort|2015-12-10|10 December 2015}}
|{{ayd|2007|12|10|2015|12|10}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Laura Chinchilla Miranda]]
|[[File:Laura 4.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|[[President of Costa Rica|President]]
|{{sort|2010-05-08|8 May 2010}}
|{{sort|2014-05-08|8 May 2014}}
|{{ayd|2010|05|08|2014|05|08}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Dilma Rousseff]]
|[[File:Dilma Rousseff - foto oficial 2011-01-09.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|[[President of Brazil|President]]
|{{sort|2011-01-01|1 January 2011}}
|{{sort|2016-08-31|31 August 2016}}
|{{ayd|2011|01|01|2016|08|31}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-
|[[Jeanine Añez]]
|[[File:Jeanine Áñez at the 314th Anniversary of Reyes. 6 January 2020, Ministry of Communication, Reyes. Cropped (51907629988).jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|[[President of Bolivia|President]]
|{{sort|2019-11-12|12 November 2019}}
|{{sort|2020-11-08|8 November 2020}}
|{{ayd|2019|11|12|2020|11|08}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-style="background-color: #9BDDFF"
|[[Xiomara Castro de Zelaya]]
|[[File:Xiomara Castro 2022 (cropped).jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|[[President of Honduras|President]]
|{{sort|2022-01-27|7 January 2022}}
|Incumbent
|{{ayd|2022|01|27}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-style="background-color: #9BDDFF"
|[[Dina Boluarte Zegarra]]
|[[File:Presidenta_Boluarte_2024.jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Peru}}
|[[President of Peru|President]]
|{{sort|2022-12-07|7 December 2022}}
|Incumbent
|{{ayd|2022|12|7}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-style="background-color: #9BDDFF"
|[[Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo]]
|[[File:Claudia Sheinbaum en su conferencia matutina (cropped).jpg|frameless|center|upright=0.3]]
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|[[President of Mexico|President]]
|{{sort|2024-10-01|1 October 2024}}
|Incumbent
|{{ayd|2024|10|01}}
|Head of state and government
|Executive
|-style="background-color: #9BDDFF"