View source for User:Mjroots/sandbox3

''Please leave any comments about the content of this sandbox on my [[User talk:Mjroots|talk page]].''
*See also [[User:Mjroots/New Belgica (barque)]]
{{nobots}}{{User Sandbox}}{{workpage}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image               = 
| Ship caption             = 
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header              =
|Ship country              =
|Ship flag                 =
| Ship name                = *''Bowbelle'' (1964–92)
*''Billo'' (1992-96)
*''Bom Re'' (1996)
| Ship namesake            = 
| Ship owner               = *F. Bowles & Sons Ltd (1964–66)
*British Dredging (Shipping) Ltd (1966–77)
*British Dredging Aggregates Ltd (1977–78)
*British Dredging (Sand & Gravel) Ltd (1978–84)
*East Coast Aggregates Ltd (1984–89)
*South Coast Shipping Co. Ltd (1989–90)
*East Coast Aggregates Ltd (1990–92)
*Seal Sands Maritime Ltd (1992–96)
*Antonio Pereira e Filhos Lda (1996)
| Ship operator            = *F. Bowles & Sons Ltd (1964–66)
*British Dredging (Shipping) Ltd (1966–77)
*British Dredging Aggregates Ltd (1977–78)
*British Dredging (Sand & Gravel) Ltd (1978–84)
*East Coast Aggregates Ltd (1984–89)
*South Coast Shipping Co. Ltd (1989–90)
*East Coast Aggregates Ltd (1990–92)
*Bilberry Shipping & Stevedores Ltd (1992–96)
*Antonio Pereira e Filhos Lda (1996)
| Ship registry            = *{{flagicon|United Kingdom|civil}} [[Cardiff]], [[United Kingdom]] (1964-78)
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom|civil}} [[London]], United Kingdom (1978-92)
*{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (1992-96)
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Funchal]], Portugal (1996)
| Ship route               =
| Ship ordered             = 
| Ship builder             = Ailsa Shipbuilding Ltd
| Ship original cost       = 
| Ship yard number         = 517
| Ship way number          = 
| Ship laid down           = 
| Ship launched            = 11 May 1964
| Ship completed           = 15 July 1964
| Ship commissioned        = 
| Ship christened          = 
| Ship acquired            =
| Ship maiden voyage       = 
| Ship in service          = 
| Ship out of service      = 25 March 1996
| Ship identification      = *Code Letters GNLE (1964–92)
*{{ICS|Golf}}{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Echo}}
*United Kingdom Official Number 306078 (1964-92)
*Lloyd's Register number 6413235 (1960s–1987)
*{{IMO Number|6413235}} (1987–96)
*Call sign J8GH2 (1992-96) 
| Ship fate                = Broke in two and sank
| Ship status              = 
| Ship notes               = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header              =
| Header caption           =
| Ship class               = Suction hopper [[dredger]]
| Ship tonnage             = *{{GRT|1,486|disp=long}}, {{NRT|803|disp=long}}, {{DWT|2,107|disp=long}}
| Ship displacement        = 
| Ship length              = *{{convert|262|ft|2|in|m|2}} overall,
*{{convert|250|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on}} between perpendiculars
| Ship beam                ={{convert|44|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| Ship height              = 
| Ship draught             = <!--{{convert|26|ft|7|in|m|2|order=flip|abbr=on}}-->
| Ship depth               = {{convert|17|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| Ship decks               =
| Ship deck clearance      =
| Ship ramps               =
| Ship ice class           = 
| Ship sail plan           =
| Ship power               = Mirrlees M47M diesel engine 1,864 bhp.
| Ship propulsion          = 
| Ship speed               =  {{convert|11.75|kn|km/h}}
| Ship capacity            = Hopper capacity {{convert|961|m3|cuyd|order=flip}}
| Ship crew                = 7
| Ship endurance           = 
| Ship armament            = 
| Ship notes               = 
}}
|}
<!--{{location map|Canada|width=304
|lat=43.233
|long=-64.750
|caption=Location where ''Empire Seal'' was torpedoed and sunk}} -->

'''''Bowbelle'''''<!-- ({{lang-ru|Рыбинск}})--> was a suction hopper dredger which was built in 1964 for F. Bowles & Sons Ltd, [[Cardiff]], [[Glamorgan]], United Kingdom. In 1989, she collided with, and sank, the pleasure steamer ''[[Marchioness disaster|Marchioness]]'', resulting in the loss of 51 lives. She was sold to [[Gibraltar]] in 1992 and was renamed '''''Billo'''''. She was sold to Portugal in 1996 and renamed '''''Bom Rei'''''. She foundered off [[Madeira]] in March 1996 with the loss of all hands.

==Description==
The ship was {{convert|262|ft|2|in|m|2}} long overall,<ref name=LR67/> {{convert|250|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|44|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}. She had a depth of {{convert|27|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<!--, and a draught of {{convert|xx|ft|x|in|m|2|abbr=on}}-->. She was assessed at {{GRT|1,485}}, {{NRT|803}}, {{DWT|2,107}}.<ref name=Clydesite>{{cite web |url=https://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=391&vessel=BOWBELLE |title=Bowbelle |publisher=Shipping & Shipbuilding Research Trust |accessdate=30 July 2023 }}</ref> She had a hopper capacity of {{convert|961|m3|cuyd|order=flip}}.<ref name=BR>{{cite web |url=https://www.dredgepoint.org/dredging-database/equipment/bom-rei |title=Bom Rei |publisher=Dredgepoint |accessdate=30 July 2023 }}</ref>

<!--The ship was propelled by two [[steam turbine]]s, driving a single four-blade screw propeller of {{convert|21|ft|8|in|m|2|abbr=on}} diameter and pitch through double reduction gearing. The propeller was of cast [[bronze]]. It was made by the Cramp Brass and Iron Foundry. The turbines were made by the De Laval Steam Turbine Company. They were rated at 9,350 [[shaft horsepower|shp]] maximum. Driving the propeller at 85 [[revolutions per minute|rpm]], it could propel her at {{convert|16.5|kn|km/h}}. Steam was supplied by two [[Foster Wheeler]] D type marine water tube boilers. Her range was {{convert|12000|nmi|km}}.<ref name=PMR0541/><ref name=HS42/>-->

The ship was powered by a [[four-stroke engine|four-stroke]] [[Single- and double-acting cylinders|single acting]] [[diesel engine]], which had eight cylinders of {{convert|15|in|cm}} diameter by {{convert|20|in|cm}} stroke driving a single screw [[propeller (ship)|propeller]]. The engine was built by [[Mirrlees|Mirrlees National Ltd]], [[Stockport]], [[Cheshire]]. It was rated at 1,864 [[brake horsepower|bhp]] (1,371 [[kilowatt|kW]]<ref name=LR93/>) at 344 [[revolutions per minute|rpm]].<ref name=Clydesite/> It could propel her at {{convert|11.75|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=BR/>

<!--The ship was propelled by a [[triple expansion steam engine]], which had cylinders of {{convert|26|in|cm}}, 42{{frac|1|2}} inches (108 cm) and 69{{frac|7|16}} inches (176 cm) diameter by {{convert|48|in|cm}} stroke. The engine was built by the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Dominion of Canada]]. Rated at 337[[nominal horsepower|NHP]], It drove twin screw [[propeller (ship)|propeller]]s. The engine could propel the ship at a speed of {{convert|10|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Times090660/><!-- She was assessed as Ice Class .-->

<!--The ship was propelled by a xxx [[nominal horsepower|nhp]] [[quadruple expansion steam engine]], which had cylinders of {{convert|xx|in|cm}}, {{convert|xx|in|cm}}, {{convert|xx|in|cm}} and {{convert|xx|in|cm}} diameter by {{convert|x|in|cm}} stroke. The engine was built by the Wallsend Slipway Co Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. It drove a single screw propeller,<ref name=Inanda30/> and could propel the ship at {{convert|13|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=OS30/>--><!-- She was assessed as Ice Class IIA.<ref name=xxxx/>-->

<!--The ship was propelled by a [[compound steam engine]], which had two cylinders of {{Convert|42|cm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}} and two cylinders of {{Convert|90|cm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}} diameter by {{Convert|90|cm|in|frac=16|abbr=on}} inches stroke. The engine was built by [[Rheinmetall|Rheinmetall-Börsig AG]], [[Görlitz]].<ref name=Witham45/> Rated at 1,200[[indicated horsepower|IHP]], it drove a single screw propeller and could propel the ship at {{convert|10.5|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Marcussen/>
-->

==History==
''Bowbelle'' was built in 1964 as [[yard number]] 517 by the [[Ailsa Shipbuilding Company|Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.]], [[Troon]], [[Ayrshire]] for F Bowles & Sons Ltd, [[Cardiff]], [[Glamorgan]]. She was launched on 11 May 1964 and completed on 15 July. Her port of registry was Cardiff. The [[Code Letters]] GNLE were allocated,<ref name=LR67>{{cite journal |url=https://archive.org/details/HECROS1967AL/page/420/mode/1up?q=bowbelle |journal=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |title= 1966-67 Register of Ships Bowbelle |year=1967 |publisher=Lloyd's of London |accessdate=30 July 2023}}</ref> as was the United Kingdom Official Number 306078.<ref name=Clydesite/> She was built to pass under bridges over the [[River Thames]] as far downstream as [[Nine Elms]]. To accomplish this, here masts could be folded to pass under the various bridges and her superstructure was reduced in height. On her [[maiden voyage]], she almost collided with the Tower Pier when her anchors failed to fully release.<ref name=Sandsuckers>{{cite web |url=https://www.sandsuckersuk.com/post/south-coast-south-east-the-sixties |title=South Coast & South East, the Sixties |publisher=Sandsuckers |first=Paul |last=Whittle |accessdate=30 July 2023 }}</ref> Her normal complement was seven men.<ref name=Times220889>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Police to see skipper again |date=22 August 1989 |pages=1, 2 |issue=63479 |column=H, F-G }}</ref>

In November 1964, ''Bowbelle'' and her sister ship ''Bowqueen'' were detained in port in [[London]] due to a dispute involving the [[Watermen, Lightermen, Tugmen and Bargemen's Union]] (WLTBU). Having been detained for six weeks, both vessels sailed around 30 December. F. Bowles & Sons took legal action to prevent the union from interfering with the new crews signed aboard the ships. An ''[[ex parte]]'' injunction was granted. It was reported to be the first issued against a union.<ref name=Times060165>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Shipowners Win Injunction Against Union |date=6 January 1965 |page=10 |issue=56212 |column=F-G  }}</ref> The dispute was because the crews of the ships switched their membership from the [[National Union of Seamen|National Seamen's Union]] to the WLTBU, which F. Bowles & Sons did not recognise. The crews of both vessels refused to sail until the WLTBU was recognised. On 13 January, the case went back to Court. Requests by F. Bowles & Sons and the Metropolitan Sand and Ballast Co. for injunctions preventing the WLTBU from interfering with their businesses were denied.<ref name=Times230165>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Judge Rejects Applications Against Trade Union |date=23 January 1965 |page=6 |issue=56227 |column=E-F }}</ref> 

With their introduction in the 1960s, ''Bowbelle'' was allocated the Lloyd's Register Number 6413235, which became her [[IMO Number]] in 1987.<ref name=BR/> She was sold to British Dredging Aggregates Ltd, Cardiff in 1977 and then to British Dredging (Sand & Gravel) Co. Ltd., London in 1978. Her port of registry was changed to London.<ref name=Clydesite/> On 26 May 1982, ''Bowbelle'' collided with scaffolding on [[Cannon Street Railway Bridge]]. On 9 June 1983, she collided with the excursion boat ''Pride of Greenwich'' near the [[Hungerford Bridge]].<ref name=Times230889>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Bowbelle involved in three previous incidents on river |first=David |last=Sapsted |date=23 August 1989 |page=2 |issue=63480 |column=A-F }}</ref> ''Bowbelle'' was sold to East Coast Aggregates Ltd., London in 1984.<ref name=Clydesite/> On 5 November 1987, she collided with the dredger ''Bowsprite'' near [[Tower Bridge]].  ''Bowbelle'' was damaged at the bows and holed below her waterline.<ref name=Times230889/> She was sold to South Coast Shipping Co. Ltd., [[Southampton]], [[Hampshire]] in 1988.<ref name=Clydesite/> 

At 01:46 on 20 August 1989,<ref name=MAIB1/> ''Bowbelle'' collided with the excursion boat ''[[Marchioness disaster|Marchioness]]'' near [[Southwark Bridge]]. ''Marchioness'' sank with the loss of 51 lives. There were 80 survivors.<ref name=BBC49346082>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49346082 |title=Marchioness disaster: Thames historic vessels 'still not modernised' |publisher=BBC News Online |date=20 August 2019 |accessdate=3 August 2023 }}</ref> The accident was investigated by the [[Marine Accident Investigation Branch]], which published its report on 5 June 1990. The investigation found that visibility from the wheelhouse of both vessels was severely restricted. ''Marchioness'' was not keeping to the starboars side of the river and those on board ''Bowbelle'' did not maintain an efficient look out. Neither vessel was aware of the other until it was too late to avoid a collision.<ref name=MAIB1>{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/54c14423e5274a15b3000019/MAIBReport_Marchioness-Bowbelle-1989-Pt1.pdf |title=Report of the Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents into the collision between THE PASSENGER LAUNCH MARCHIONESS and MV BOWBELLE with loss of life on the River Thames on 20 August 1989 |publisher=Marine Accidents Investigation Branch |date=5 June 1990 |accessdate=4 August 2023 }}</ref>

''Bowbelle'' was sold in 1990 to East Coast Aggregates Ltd, Southampton. She was sold to Seal Sands Maritime Ltd., [[Gibraltar]] in 1992 and renamed ''Billo''. She was [[flag of convenience|reflagged]] to [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] and placed under the management of Bilberry Shipping & Stevedores Ltd., [[Waterford]], Ireland.<ref name=Clydesite/> The call sign J8GH2 was allocated.<ref name=LR93>{{cite journal |url=https://archive.org/details/HECROS1994AG/page/544/mode/1up?q=billo |journal=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |title=BILIM 544 Register of Ships |year=1993 |publisher=Lloyd's of London |accessdate=30 July 2023}}</ref>

''Billo'' was sold in 1996 to Antonio Pereira e Filhos Lda, [[Funchal]], [[Madeira]], Portugal in 1996.<ref name=Clydesite/> On 25 March 1996, her dredge pipe caught on the seabed and ruptured her hull. She broke in two and sank off [[Ponta do Sol, Madeira]] with the loss of both of her crew. The wreck lies in {{convert|30|m|ft|-1|order=flip}} of water south west of Madeira and is a popular dive site.<ref name=Clydesite/><ref name=Sandsuckers/>

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

<!--{{commonscat|Category:Vorios Hellas (ship, 1944)}}

==External links==
*[https://transportsofdelight.smugmug.com/SHIPS/World-War-2-Standard-Built/NON-STANDARD-EMPIRE-SHIPS/i-TQnGThB Photograph of ''Empire Confidence'']
{{Empire C ships}} -->

{{1982 shipwrecks}}
{{1983 shipwrecks}}
{{1987 shipwrecks}}
{{1989 shipwrecks}}
{{1996 shipwrecks}}
<!--{{Lithgows ships}}
{{1945 shipwrecks}}
{{LST-3 class tank landing ship}}
{{Hansa A type ships}}
{{Norddeutscher Lloyd ships}}
{{Type C3 ships}}
{{Maiden voyage sinkings}}
{{CAM ships}}
{{Surviving ocean going ships}}
{{Wave class oiler}}
{{Design 1022 ships}}
{{AIS Ships}}-->

{{DEFAULTSORT:Californian}}

[[:Category:1964 ships]]
[[:Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[:Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[:Category:Maritime incidents in 1982]]
[[:Category:Maritime incidents in 1983]]
[[:Category:Maritime incidents in 1987]]
[[:Category:Maritime incidents in 1989]]
[[:Category:Merchant ships of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
[[:Category:Merchant ships of Portugal]]
[[:Category:Maritime incidents in 1996]]

<!--
*{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= |date= |page= |issue= |column= }}</ref> 
*{{cite news |title= |newspaper= |location= |date=}}
*{{cite web |url= |title=Convoy |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=1 June 2021 }}</ref>
*{{cite web |url= |title=CONVOY |publisher=Warsailors |accessdate=16 June 2018 }}</
*<ref name=ID>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/signal/index.html?search_all.php~signalmain |title=Signal Letters Database |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=16 June 2018}} (Enter xxxx or Empire E in relevant search box)</ref>
*<ref name=Port>{{cite web |url=http://convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=EMPIRE%20FAITH~armain |title=EMPIRE FAITH |publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref>
*<ref name=Port2>{{cite web |url=http://cref> onvoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=BACKHUYSEN~armain |title=BACKHUYSEN|publisher=Convoyweb |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref>
*<ref name=Mariners>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireD.html |title=EMPIRE - D - E |publisher=Mariners |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name=Benjidog>{{cite web |url=http://www.benjidog.co.uk/Tower%20Hill/Empire%20Eve%20to%20Empire%20Ghyll.html |title=Empire Eve to Empire Ghyll |publisher=Brian Davis |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref>
<ref name=Clydeships>{{cite web |url=http://clydeships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=11033&vessel=EMPIRE+FLORIZEL |title=Empire Florizel |publisher=Caledonian Maritime Research Trust |accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref>
*<ref name=Ships>{{cite book |first2= Sawyer |last2=L. A. | last1= Mitchell |first1=W. H. | year = 1995 | title = The Empire Ships | publisher = Lloyd's of London Press Ltd| location = London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong|isbn=1-85044-275-4 |page=not cited }}</ref>
*<ref name=xxxx>{{cite plimsoll |filename=.pdf |date= |ship-name= |lr-number= |guide= |subtitle= |accessdate= }}</ref>
-->