View source for Willem Berkhoff

'''Willem Berkhoff''' ([[Varsseveld]], the [[Netherlands]] 12 June 1863 – [[Amsterdam]], the Netherlands 12 January 1953) was a [[pastry chef]] who became the first chairman of the board of directors of the first Dutch [[Vocational School]] for Pastry Chefs, established in 1924 in Amsterdam and since 1956 named "[[De Berkhoff]]". Berkhoff became well known when he presented a traditional English [[wedding cake]] to Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Wilhelmina]] (1880–1962) and Prince [[Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Henry]] (1876–1934) on the occasion of their marriage in 1901. Henceforth, the wedding cake became standard issue in Dutch wedding festivities. His "Pâtisserie and Refreshment Room"<ref>In (early twentieth century) Dutch: "Banketbakkerij en Salon voor Ververschingen".</ref> in the Leidsestraat was a household word in and outside Amsterdam, for over seventyfive years.

== Training ==
The son of Cornelis Berkhoff (1821–1913) and Harmina Kreeftenberg (1834–1913), Berkhoff belonged to a family of bakers. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather were not only bread bakers, but following the custom of their time, they specialized in other products as well, such as [[gingerbread]], sponge cake and pastry making.<ref name="Libelle">{{in lang|nl}} `Glorious meals´, in: ''Libelle'' 8 (1949)</ref> Berkhoff decided on a career as a Pastry Chef. After 1879<ref name="The Dutch Knighthoods">{{in lang|nl}} `Berkhoff, W.´, in: ''TDK'' 9 (1937)</ref> he began developing and enhancing his skills by starting [[apprenticeships]] with various well-known [[konditorei]]s and [[pâtisserie]]s in [[Dresden]], [[Zurich]] and [[Paris]]. For the final stage of his education, organized by himself, as a Pastry Chef, he trained at [[Anton Gerstner|Gerstner's]] in [[Vienna]]. The konditorei was considered thé top among pâtissiers and was [[Royal warrant of appointment|Royal Warrant]] Holder of the Imperial [[House of Habsburg]].<ref name="Barneveld 53">{{in lang|nl}} Barneveld (ca. 1953)</ref>

== Eerste Constantijn Huygensstraat 104 en Leidsestraat 46 ==
After having worked for some years as a shop assistant in Amsterdam,<ref name="Libelle" /> Berkhoff opened his own pastry shop in the Eerste Constantijn Huygensstraat 104 in 1893.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HNVDD'', `Opening der Banketbakkerij, Constantijn Huygenstraat 4, W. Berkhoff (adv.)´, d.d. 4 October 1893 (nr. 7265), pag. 10</ref> As [[Brigade de cuisine|Confiseur]]-[[Brigade de cuisine|Cuisiner]], Berkhoff aimed at the more sophisticated pastry work. He further started his own catering business, serving lunches, dinners and suppers to private people.<ref name="Wageningen">{{in lang|nl}} Wageningen (1993)</ref> In 1908 he served dinner for 450 persons in the [[Concertgebouw, Amsterdam|Concert Hall]], for the International Congress of [[Woman suffrage|Woman Suffrage]].<ref name="Libelle" /><ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HNVDD'', `Het Internationaal Congres voor Vrouwenkiesrecht. De Congresmaaltijd´, d.d. 23 June 1908 (nr. 11808), pag. 5-6</ref> In 1906 Berkhoff opened a second pastry shop in the Leidsestraat 46.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HNVDD'', `Stadsnieuws)´, d.d. 7 July 1906 (nr. 11202), pag. 7</ref> The adjoining "Refreshment Room" had international stature and was widely known among the better-off classes.<ref name="Wageningen" /> In 1944 the business was sold to Kees Goetheer, under whose supervision it continued until 1985 as "Berkhoff's Pâtisserie and Tearoom".<ref>In Dutch: "Berkhoff Patisserie Tearoom".</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} Wageningen, `Berkhoff´. Retrieved 10 September 2011, from: http://www.winkelstories.com</ref>

== Queen Wilhelmina's wedding cake ==
[[File:Bruidstaart koningin wilhelmina 1901.jpg|thumb|Wedding cake made by Willem Berkhoff for the occasion of the marriage of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry on 7 February 1901.]]
On the occasion of the marriage of Queen Wilhelmina (1880–1962) and Prince Henry (1876–1934) in 1901, Berkhoff took the initiative of presenting a wedding cake to the royal couple.<ref>In {{in lang|nl}} Wageningen (1993) there is an image of Queen Wilhelmina's thank-you note, including a small picture of the wedding cake.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HNVDD'', `Het Huwelijk der Koningin´, d.d. 7 February 1901 (nr. 9531), pag. 13.</ref> In England in the second half of the nineteenth century, the royal wedding cake was considered as the "flagship of British pastry enterprise", but in the Netherlands of the time the custom was unknown.<ref>S. Charsley (1992) cited in Dutch translation, in: {{in lang|nl}} Zeijden (2006). Retrieved 10 September 2011, from: http://www.albertvanderzeijden.nl</ref> Berkhoff's presentation of a wedding cake to the royal couple gained him ánd the craft of Pâtissier fame.<ref name="Libelle" /> The wedding cake for the marriage of Princess [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]] and Prince [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Bernhard]] in 1937, was made by J. Jongert, teacher at the NADPC Vocational School for Pastry Chefs "De Berkhoff".<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HV'', `Bruidstaart voor Prinses Juliana´, d.d. 6 Januari 61937 (evening edition), pag. 2</ref>

== NADPC Vocational School for Pastry Chefs "De Berkhoff" ==
As a member of the National Association of Dutch Pastry Chefs (NADPC) established in 1885 in Amsterdam,<ref>In (early twentieth-century) Dutch: Nederlandsche Banketbakkersvereeniging (NBV). The NBV is continued under the name: National Entrepreneur Association of Dutch Bakers and Pastry Chefs ([[Nederlandse Brood- en banketbakkers Ondernemers Vereniging]] (NBOV))</ref> Berkhoff committed himself to the organization of an [[apprenticeship|apprentice system]] for future pastry chefs, which had been lacking up till then. After its initial success,<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HNVDD'', `Banketbakkers´, d.d. 16 June 1910 (nr. 12421), pag. 3 and 9 (continue)</ref> the in 1907 established training system and its regulations<ref>In Dutch: leerlingstelsel en examenregeling.</ref> had proven to be substandard.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `Nederl. Banketbakkersvereeniging´, d.d. 10 June 1914 (nr. 151), pag. 1 and {{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `Nederlandse Banketbakkers´, d.d. 12 July 1917 (nr. 190), pag. 1</ref><ref name="Wijers 43">{{in lang|nl}} Wijers (1943)</ref> Meanwhile, the membership figure of the NADPC had nationwide increased sharply, so the board of directors was split into a central board of directors and a local division "Amsterdam",<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''AH'', `Stadsnieuws. Het zilveren feest van de Ned. Banketbakkersvereeniging´, d.d. 10 August 1910 (nr. 26334), pag. 6</ref> under the supervision of Berkhoff.<ref name=" The Dutch Knighthoods" /> In this quality Berkhoff became the driving force behind the start of a National Vocational School for Pastry Chefs in Amsterdam, the first of its kind in Europe.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} Wijers (1943) and {{in lang|nl}} Barneveld (ca. 1953)</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HNVDD'', `Elfde Middenstandscongres´, d.d. 14 July 1914 (nr. 13683), pag. 5 and {{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `Nederlandse Banketbakkers´, d.d. 12 July 1917 (nr. 190), pag. 1</ref>

In 1924, the National Vocational School for Pastry Chefs, supported by grants, both from the National Government and the Amsterdam Local Council, opened its doors on Quellijnstraat 80.<ref name="Wijers 43" /><ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `Nederlandsche Banketbakkers´, d.d. 12 July 1917 (nr. 190), pag. 1; {{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `Nederlandsche Banketbakkersvereeniging´, d.d. 16 June 1920 (nr. 165), pag. 1; {{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `De Nederlandsche Banketbakkersvereeniging´, d.d. 15 Juni 1921 (nr. [illegible]), pag. 2; {{in lang|nl}} ''HV'', `38e Algemeene vergadering van de Ned. Banketbakkersvereeniging´, d.d. 13 June 1922 (evening), pag. 3; {{in lang|nl}} ''HV'', `Ned. Banketbakkers-Vereeniging´, d.d. Juni 15 1923 (morning), pag. 3</ref> In this purpose-built building, students were not only taught vocationally based skills, but also Dutch and modern languages, bookkeeping, commercial arithmetic, penmanship and design. In its senior forms subjects taught, were: food science, legal knowledge, financial management and business management.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''HV'', `Vakschool voor banketbakkers´, d.d. 6 September 1928 (evening), pag. 6</ref> The school-building also housed the historical collection of the NADPC, which consisted of literature, cookery books, menus and tools.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} Barneveld (1968)</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} ''NRC'', `Nederlandsche Banketbakkersvereeniging´, d.d. 16 Juni 1920 (nr. 165), pag. 1</ref><ref>Together with his wife Annigje Berkhof-Deelman ([[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] 12 juni 1862 – Amsterdam 21 mei 1952), Berkhoff continued collecting historical material, until both were well advanced in their years. Since 1996 the collection is housed with the Foundation: the Dutch Pâtissier Institute (Stichting Historische Verzameling van de Nederlandse Banketbakkerij). It has been given permanently on loan to the Foundation: the Dutch Bakery Museum (Stichting Nederlands Bakkerijmuseum) “[[Het Warme Land]]” in [[Hattem]].</ref>

From 1924 to 1933 Berkhoff would act as chairman of the school's board of governors.<ref name="The Dutch Knighthoods" /> After the school had moved to its present location on the Wibautstraat 220–222 in 1956, its name was changed into "De Berkhoff", in honour of its chairman. As chairman of the central board of directors of the NADPC (1927–1934), and editor of the trade journal ''The Pastry Shop'' (1935–1942), Berkhoff continued to play an important role in Pâtissiers circles for a long time.<ref name="Barneveld 53" /> His efforts to achieve international cooperation among pâtissiers, were rewarded by his appointments as honorary member of the Belgian and French sister organisations.<ref>From the Union des Patrons Pâtissiers de Belgique, Berkhoff received the "Cross first class of the Union Professionelle (kruis le klasse der Union Professionelle)". {{in lang|nl}} ''HV'', `Onderscheiding´, d.d. 5 July 1932 (evening), pag. 6. {{in lang|nl}} Berkhoff, W.´, in: ''TDK'' 9 (1937) speaks in this context from an "Honorary Membership (eerelidmaatschap)". {{in lang|nl}} Wijers (1943) and {{in lang|nl}} Barneveld (ca. 1953), further claim that Berkhoff was the only Dutch person ever to have been mentioned in the "French Golden Book (Franse Gulden Boek)".</ref>

== Royal Honours ==
* Knight of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]] (1933)<ref name=" The Dutch Knighthoods" />

== References ==
<!--;Notes-->
{{reflist|group="nb"|30em}}
;Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Printed sources, Literature, Articles and Internet-publications.
{{refbegin}}
* {{in lang|nl}} ''Algemeen Handelsblad (AH)'' (Amsterdam; national newspaper; 1828–1970), archived from: http://kranten.kb.nl
* {{in lang|nl}} Barneveld, D., ''The old Pastry Shop (De oude banketbakkerij)'' (Bussum 1968)
* {{in lang|nl}} Barneveld, D., `W. Berkhoff Chairman of the Central Board of Directors 1927-1934 (W. Berkhoff. Voorzitter Hoofdbestuur 1927–1934)´, in: ''The Pastry Shop: Trade Journal for Pâtissiers (De Banketbakkerij. Vakblad voor Banketbakkers)'' 00 (ca. 1953), pag. 0
* {{in lang|nl}} `Berkhoff, Willem´, in: ''The Dutch Knighthoods. 1900-1936 (De Nederlandsche Ridderorden. 1900-1936)'' 9 ''(TDK)'' (Amsterdam 1937), pag. 565
* {{in lang|nl}} Berkhoff, W. (sam.), `National Association of Dutch Pastry Chefs 50 Years (Nederlandsche Banketbakkersvereeniging 50 Jaar)´, in: ''The Pastry Shop: Trade Journal for Pâtissiers (De Banketbakkerij. Vakblad voor Banketbakkers)'' Jubilee Number (Jubileumuitgave) (1935)
* {{in lang|nl}} ''Het Nieuws van den Dag (HNVDD)'' (Amsterdam; local/regional newspaper 1870–1923), op website: http://kranten.kb.nl (consulted 1870–1914)
* {{in lang|nl}} ''Het Vaderland (HV)'' (The Hague; national newspaper; 1869–1945), archived from: http://kranten.kb.nl
* {{in lang|nl}} ''Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant (NRC)'' (Rotterdam; national newspaper; 1844–1970), archived from: http://kranten.kb.nl
* {{in lang|nl}} Rijgers, G. (sam.), `National Association of Dutch Pastry Chefs 25 Years (Nederlandsche Banketbakkersvereeniging 25 Jaar)´, in: ''The Pastry Shop: Trade Journal for Pâtissiers (De Banketbakkerij. Vakblad voor Banketbakkers)'' Jubilee Number (Jubileumuitgave) (1910)
* {{in lang|nl}} `Glorious meals of the past. Visiting an old school Pastry Chef (Van luisterrijke maaltijden die tot het verleden behoren. Bij een bezoek aan een banketbakker uit de oude school)´, in: ''Libelle'' 8 (1949), pag 8-9
* {{in lang|nl}} Wageningen, E. van, `Berkhoff's Pastry. Sweet dreams of sugar, cream and chocolate (Banket van bakker Berkhoff. Zoete dromen van suiker, room en chocola)´, in: ''Our Amsterdam (Ons Amsterdam)'' (1993), pag. 94–97. {{ISSN|0166-1809}}
* {{in lang|nl}} Wageningen, E. van, `Berkhoff's Pâtisserie and Tearoom 1893-1985 (Berkhoff Patisserie Tearoom 1893–1985)´, archived from: http://www.winkelstories.com/Berkhoff00.html
* {{in lang|nl}} Wijers, H., `Mister W. Berkhoff 80 years old (De heer W. Berkhoff 80 jaar)´, in: ''The Pastry Shop: Trade Journal for Pâtissiers (De Banketbakkerij. Vakblad voor Banketbakkers)'' 00 (1943), pag. 0
* {{in lang|nl}} Wijers, H., `Obituary W. Berkhoff (In memoriam W. Berkhoff)´, in: ''The Pastry Shop: Trade Journal for Pâtissiers (De Banketbakkerij. Vakblad voor Banketbakkers)'' 41 (1953), pag. 1
* {{in lang|nl}} Zeijden, A. van der, `History of the wedding cake (Geschiedenis van de bruidstaart)´, in: ''Tradition (Traditie)'' 3 (2006), archived from: http://www.albertvanderzeijden.nl/geschiedenis_van_de_bruidstaart_.htm

{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Berkhoff, Willem}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Pastry chefs]]
[[Category:History of Amsterdam]]
[[Category:People from Oude IJsselstreek]]
[[Category:Dutch chefs]]