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{{More citations needed|date=June 2016}}
'''Albert l'Ouvrier''' ("Albert the Worker"), born '''Alexandre Martin''' ([[27 April]] [[1815]] – [[28 May]] [[1895]]), was a [[France|French]] [[socialism|socialist]] statesman of the [[French Second Republic]]. He was the member of the industrial working class to join a government of France.
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Alexandre-Albert Martin, dit l'ouvrier Albert.jpg|thumb|Alexandre Martin, drawn in 1848.]]
'''Alexandre Martin''' (27 April 1815 &ndash; 28 May 1895), nicknamed '''Albert l'Ouvrier''' ("Albert the Worker"),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-lOuvrier|title=Albert l'Ouvrier {{!}} French politician|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2016-06-09}}</ref> was a French [[socialism|socialist]] [[politician|statesman]] of the [[French Second Republic]]. He was the first member of the industrial working class to be in French government.<ref name=":1" />


==Early life==
Albert was born in [[Bury, France|Bury]], in the [[Oise]] ''[[département]]'' to a peasant family. As a young man he moved to [[Paris]] where he served as an apprentice in his uncle's machine shop; later, he worked as a machinist in a button factory.
Albert was born in [[Bury, Oise|Bury]], in the [[Oise]] ''[[Département in France|département]]'' to a peasant family.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohio.edu/chastain/ac/albert.htm|title=Albert (Alexandre Martin)|website=ohio.edu|access-date=2016-06-09}}</ref> As a young man he moved to Paris, where he served as an apprentice in his uncle's machine shop; later, he worked as a machinist in a button factory.<ref name=":0" />


He participated in the [[July Revolution]] of [[1830]]. Throughout his public life, he was known simply as "Albert the Worker," and was closely associated with the socialist [[Louis Blanc]]. He was a member of a variety of secret revolutionary societies in the [[1830s]] and [[1840s]]. He was made leader of the revolutionary ''[[Nouvelles Saisons]]'' society in [[1839]], and editor of the ''[[l'Atelier]] the following year.
He participated in the [[July Revolution]] of 1830. Throughout his public life, he was known simply as "Albert the Worker," and was closely associated with the socialist [[Louis Blanc]]. He was a member of a variety of secret revolutionary societies in the 1830s and 1840s. He was made leader of the revolutionary ''Nouvelles Saisons'' society in 1839, and editor of the ''[[l'Atelier]]'' the following year.


==1848==
Albert fought on the barricades in the [[The Revolutions of 1848 in France|revolution of 1848]], and was a member of the socialist government that formed at the [[Hôtel de Ville]]. When the socialists were included into the provisional government, Louis Blanc made Albert - by this time a popular figure among the workers - a secretary. He was sent to the [[Luxembourg Commission]] - the provisional government's labor commission - as Louis Blanc's vice-president, a position he held until the [[15 May]] riots.
He fought on the [[barricade]]s in the [[The Revolutions of 1848 in France|revolution of 1848]], and was a member of the socialist government that formed at the [[Hôtel de Ville, Paris|Hôtel de Ville]]. When the socialists were included into the provisional government, Louis Blanc made Albert – by this time a popular figure among the workers – a secretary. He was sent to the [[Luxembourg Commission]] – the provisional government's labor commission – as [[Louis Blanc]]'s vice-president, a position he held until the 15 May riots.


Albert and Blanc were two of the only six members of the Luxembourg Commission to be elected in the [[April]] elections. The socialists - who, through the Luxembourg Commission ran a virtual state-within-a-state - clashed with the Assembly. Blanc's proposal for a fully fledged ministry of labor in keeping with his ideal for "national workshops" was rejected on [[10 May]]. By this time, Albert had lost faith in the provisional government, and, together with [[Louis Auguste Blanqui]] and [[Armand Barbès]], attempted an insurrection of his own. On the [[15 May]], they led a mob against the government; the riot was bloodily suppressed by the bourgeois National Guards, and Albert and Barbès were captured at the Hôtel de Ville.
Albert and Blanc were two of the six members of the Luxembourg Commission to be elected in the April elections. The socialists – who, through the Luxembourg Commission ran a virtual state-within-a-state – clashed with the Assembly. Blanc's proposal for a fully fledged ministry of labor in keeping with his ideal for "national workshops" was rejected on 10 May. By this time, Albert had lost faith in the provisional government, and, together with [[Louis Auguste Blanqui]] and [[Armand Barbès]], attempted an insurrection of his own. On 15 May, they led a crowd, demonstrating against the government; the riot was bloodily suppressed by the bourgeois National Guards, and Albert and Barbès were captured at the Hôtel de Ville.


==Trial, prison, and later life==
Albert did not defend himself at the subsequent trial at [[Bourges]], in [[1849]]. He was thus found guilty of [[treason]] and an attempt to incite revolution, and sent to prison on [[Belle Île]] for four years. When he became ill in [[1854]], he was transferred to [[Tours]], where he remained until he was released by the general [[amnesty]] of [[16 August]] [[1859]]. Albert returned to Paris as a working man, taking a job for the gas company. In [[1870]], during the [[Franco-Prussian War]], he was a member of the ''Commission des Barricades'' in the [[Government of National Defense]]. He stood for election twice in the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]], but lost both attempts.
Albert did not defend himself at the subsequent trial at [[Bourges]], in 1849. He was thus found guilty of [[treason]] and an attempt to incite revolution, and sent to prison on [[Belle Île]] for four years. When he became ill in 1854, he was transferred to [[Tours]], where he remained until he was released by the general [[amnesty]] of 16 August 1859. He returned to Paris as a working man, taking a job for the gas company. In 1870, during the [[Franco-Prussian War]], became a member of the ''Commission des Barricades'' in the [[Government of National Defense]], and stood for election twice in the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]] – but lost both attempts.


Albert retired to [[Mello]] in his home ''département'' of Oise. On his death in [[1895]], he was given a national funeral, and his tombstone was given by the government.
He retired to [[Mello, Oise|Mello]] in his home ''département'' of Oise. Upon his death in 1895, he was given a national funeral, and his tombstone was given by the government.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[French demonstration of 15 May 1848]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Alexandre Martin}}
*[http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/ac/albert.htm Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions entry on Albert l'Ouvrier]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060117190221/http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/ac/albert.htm ''Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions'' entry on Albert l'Ouvrier]
*[http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/m/10760585.php International Institute of Social History entry]
*[http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/m/10760585.php International Institute of Social History entry]
*[http://www.roi-president.com/bio/alexandre+martin.html Official biography by the French government] (brief)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041224190437/http://www.roi-president.com/bio/alexandre+martin.html Official biography by the French government] (brief)
*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005433 Encyclopedia Britannica article]
*[http://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-lOuvrier ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' article]

⚫
[[Category:French politicians|L'Ouvrier]]
{{French Provisional Government of 1848}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Albert}}
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1895 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Oise]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hauts-de-France]]
⚫
[[Category:The Mountain (1849) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic]]

Latest revision as of 10:48, 3 March 2021

Alexandre Martin, drawn in 1848.

Alexandre Martin (27 April 1815 – 28 May 1895), nicknamed Albert l'Ouvrier ("Albert the Worker"),[1] was a French socialist statesman of the French Second Republic. He was the first member of the industrial working class to be in French government.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Albert was born in Bury, in the Oise département to a peasant family.[2] As a young man he moved to Paris, where he served as an apprentice in his uncle's machine shop; later, he worked as a machinist in a button factory.[2]

He participated in the July Revolution of 1830. Throughout his public life, he was known simply as "Albert the Worker," and was closely associated with the socialist Louis Blanc. He was a member of a variety of secret revolutionary societies in the 1830s and 1840s. He was made leader of the revolutionary Nouvelles Saisons society in 1839, and editor of the l'Atelier the following year.

1848

[edit]

He fought on the barricades in the revolution of 1848, and was a member of the socialist government that formed at the Hôtel de Ville. When the socialists were included into the provisional government, Louis Blanc made Albert – by this time a popular figure among the workers – a secretary. He was sent to the Luxembourg Commission – the provisional government's labor commission – as Louis Blanc's vice-president, a position he held until the 15 May riots.

Albert and Blanc were two of the six members of the Luxembourg Commission to be elected in the April elections. The socialists – who, through the Luxembourg Commission ran a virtual state-within-a-state – clashed with the Assembly. Blanc's proposal for a fully fledged ministry of labor in keeping with his ideal for "national workshops" was rejected on 10 May. By this time, Albert had lost faith in the provisional government, and, together with Louis Auguste Blanqui and Armand Barbès, attempted an insurrection of his own. On 15 May, they led a crowd, demonstrating against the government; the riot was bloodily suppressed by the bourgeois National Guards, and Albert and Barbès were captured at the Hôtel de Ville.

Trial, prison, and later life

[edit]

Albert did not defend himself at the subsequent trial at Bourges, in 1849. He was thus found guilty of treason and an attempt to incite revolution, and sent to prison on Belle Île for four years. When he became ill in 1854, he was transferred to Tours, where he remained until he was released by the general amnesty of 16 August 1859. He returned to Paris as a working man, taking a job for the gas company. In 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, became a member of the Commission des Barricades in the Government of National Defense, and stood for election twice in the Third Republic – but lost both attempts.

He retired to Mello in his home département of Oise. Upon his death in 1895, he was given a national funeral, and his tombstone was given by the government.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Albert l'Ouvrier | French politician". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  2. ^ a b c "Albert (Alexandre Martin)". ohio.edu. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
[edit]
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