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I seperated the "Call-out culture" definition from the definition of "Cancel culture"
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#REDIRECT [[Cancel culture]]
{{Merge to|Online shaming|date=February 2020|discussion=Talk:Online shaming#Merge Call-out culture in Online shaming}}
{{short description|Phenomenon of public humiliation, shaming or boycott, typically on social media}}
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}


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'''Call-out culture''' (also referred to as '''[[outrage culture]]''') is a form of [[public humiliation]] or [[shaming]] that aims to hold individuals and groups accountable for actions perceived to be offensive by other individuals or groups, who then call attention to this behavior, usually on [[social media]].<ref name=":0">{{cite thesis |last1=Huffman |first1=Ethan M |title=Call-out culture: how online shaming affects social media participation in young adults |date=2016 |oclc=1012943751 |url=https://search.proquest.com/openview/c82b2ef9569f3c2e886399172e283d53/1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Dan |last1=Melo |date=February 4, 2019 |title=What's Missing From Call-Out Culture: The Opportunity to Change |url=https://areomagazine.com/2019/02/04/whats-missing-from-call-out-culture-the-opportunity-to-change/ |website=Areo }}</ref>
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'''Cancel culture''' (a variant term) describes a form of [[boycott]] in which someone (usually a celebrity) who has shared a questionable or controversial opinion, or has had behavior in their past that is perceived to be either offensive called out on social media, is "canceled"; they are completely boycotted by many of their former followers or supporters, often leading to massive declines in celebrities' (almost always social media personalities) careers and fanbase.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sills |first1=Sophie |last2=Pickens |first2=Chelsea |last3=Beach |first3=Karishma |last4=Jones |first4=Lloyd |last5=Calder-Dawe |first5=Octavia |last6=Benton-Greig |first6=Paulette |last7=Gavey |first7=Nicola |title=Rape culture and social media: young critics and a feminist counterpublic |journal=Feminist Media Studies |date=23 March 2016 |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=935–951 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2015.1137962 }}</ref><ref name="Munro">{{cite journal |last1=Munro |first1=Ealasaid |title=Feminism: A Fourth Wave? |journal=Political Insight |date=23 August 2013 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=22–25 |doi=10.1111/2041-9066.12021 }}</ref>

== Description ==
[[Michael Bérubé]], a professor of literature at [[Pennsylvania State University]], states, "in social media, what is known as 'callout culture' and 'ally theater' (in which people demonstrate their [[bona fides]] as allies of a vulnerable population) often produces a swell of online outrage that demands that a post or a tweet be taken down or deleted".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bérubé |first1=Michael |title=The Way We Review Now |journal=PMLA |date=January 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=132–138 |doi=10.1632/pmla.2018.133.1.132 }}</ref>

[[Lisa Nakamura]], a [[professor]] at the [[University of Michigan]], contemplates call-out culture as an opportunity to educate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nakamura|first=Lisa|date=2015-12-15|title=The Unwanted Labour of Social Media: Women of Colour Call Out Culture As Venture Community Management|journal=New Formations|language=en|volume=86|issue=86|pages=106–112|doi=10.3898/NEWF.86.06.2015}}</ref> She described cancel culture as a "cultural boycott", adding that "when you deprive someone of your attention, you're depriving them of a [[livelihood]]."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah Engel |title=Everyone Is Canceled |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/28/style/is-it-canceled.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 June 2018 }}</ref>

Condemnations of "cancel culture" are often understood to be complaints to delegitimize criticism, especially when consequences result. The commercial consequences of criticism have also been exaggerated.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hagi |first1=Sarah |title=Cancel Culture Is Not Real—At Least Not in the Way People Think|url=https://time.com/5735403/cancel-culture-is-not-real/ |work=TIME Magazine |date=21 November 2019 }}</ref> People who experience "canceling" report effects on their personal lives.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McDermott|first=John|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/style/what-is-cancel-culture.html|title=Those People We Tried to Cancel? They're All Hanging Out Together|date=2019-11-02|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Call-out culture and canceling can also affect teens who use social media by reducing their social media participation.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
{{Portal|Sociology}}
* [[Billy Graham rule]]
*''[[Damnatio memoriae]]''
* [[Deplatforming]]
* [[Hashtag activism]]
* [[Internet vigilantism]]
* [[Mobbing]]
* [[Online shaming]]
* [[Ostracism]]
* [[Shunning]]
* [[Slacktivism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://jezebel.com/well-it-sure-was-a-big-year-for-the-call-out-culture-wi-1840240922 "Well It Sure Was a Big Year for the 'Call-out Culture' Wikipedia Page"], by Molly Osberg, ''[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]]'', 30 December 2019

[[Category:Boycotts]]
[[Category:Deviance (sociology)]]
[[Category:Internet-based activism]]
[[Category:Political neologisms]]
[[Category:Phrases]]
[[Category:Shunning]]
[[Category:Social commentary]]
[[Category:Social critics]]
[[Category:Social justice]]


{{sociology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:12, 7 April 2021

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