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Cancel culture

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+#REDIRECT [[Cancel culture]]
-{{Merge to|Online shaming|date=February 2020|discussion=Talk:Online shaming#Merge Call-out culture in Online shaming}}
-{{short description|Phenomenon of public humiliation, shaming or boycott, typically on social media}}
-{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=December 2019}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
+{{Rcat shell|
-'''Call-out culture''' (also referred to as '''[[outrage culture]]''') is a form of [[public humiliation]] or [[shaming]] that aims to hold individuals and groups accountable for actions perceived to be offensive by other individuals or groups, who then call attention to this behavior, usually on [[social media]].<ref name=":0">{{cite thesis |last1=Huffman |first1=Ethan M |title=Call-out culture: how online shaming affects social media participation in young adults |date=2016 |oclc=1012943751 |url=https://search.proquest.com/openview/c82b2ef9569f3c2e886399172e283d53/1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Dan |last1=Melo |date=February 4, 2019 |title=What's Missing From Call-Out Culture: The Opportunity to Change |url=https://areomagazine.com/2019/02/04/whats-missing-from-call-out-culture-the-opportunity-to-change/ |website=Areo }}</ref>
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-'''Cancel culture''' (a variant term) describes a form of [[boycott]] in which someone (usually a celebrity) who has shared a questionable or controversial opinion, or has had  behavior in their past that is perceived to be offensive called out on social media, is "canceled"; they are completely boycotted by many of their former followers or supporters, often leading to massive declines in celebrities' (almost always social media personalities) careers and fanbase.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sills |first1=Sophie |last2=Pickens |first2=Chelsea |last3=Beach |first3=Karishma |last4=Jones |first4=Lloyd |last5=Calder-Dawe |first5=Octavia |last6=Benton-Greig |first6=Paulette |last7=Gavey |first7=Nicola |title=Rape culture and social media: young critics and a feminist counterpublic |journal=Feminist Media Studies |date=23 March 2016 |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=935–951 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2015.1137962 }}</ref><ref name="Munro">{{cite journal |last1=Munro |first1=Ealasaid |title=Feminism: A Fourth Wave? |journal=Political Insight |date=23 August 2013 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=22–25 |doi=10.1111/2041-9066.12021 }}</ref>
-== Scholarly Descriptions ==
-[[Michael Bérubé]], a professor of literature at [[Pennsylvania State University]], states, "in social media, what is known as 'callout culture' and 'ally theater' (in which people demonstrate their [[bona fides]] as allies of a vulnerable population) often produces a swell of online outrage that demands that a post or a tweet be taken down or deleted".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bérubé |first1=Michael |title=The Way We Review Now |journal=PMLA |date=January 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=132–138 |doi=10.1632/pmla.2018.133.1.132 }}</ref>
-[[Lisa Nakamura]], a [[professor]] at the [[University of Michigan]], contemplates call-out culture as an opportunity to educate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nakamura|first=Lisa|date=2015-12-15|title=The Unwanted Labour of Social Media: Women of Colour Call Out Culture As Venture Community Management|journal=New Formations|language=en|volume=86|issue=86|pages=106–112|doi=10.3898/NEWF.86.06.2015}}</ref> She described cancel culture as a "cultural boycott", adding that "when you deprive someone of your attention, you're depriving them of a [[livelihood]]."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah Engel |title=Everyone Is Canceled |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/28/style/is-it-canceled.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 June 2018 }}</ref>
-Condemnations of "cancel culture" are often understood to be complaints to delegitimize criticism, especially when consequences result.  The commercial consequences of criticism have also been exaggerated.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hagi |first1=Sarah |title=Cancel Culture Is Not Real—At Least Not in the Way People Think|url=https://time.com/5735403/cancel-culture-is-not-real/ |work=TIME Magazine |date=21 November 2019 }}</ref> People who experience "canceling" report effects on their personal lives.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McDermott|first=John|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/style/what-is-cancel-culture.html|title=Those People We Tried to Cancel? They're All Hanging Out Together|date=2019-11-02|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-Call-out culture and canceling can also affect teens who use social media by reducing their social media participation.<ref name=":0" />
-[[File:James Charles.png|alt=|thumb|James Charles, 20 y/o Beauty Youtuber at the 2018 E! Peoples Choice Awards]]
-== Famous Examples ==
-=== James Charles ===
-[[James Charles (Internet personality)|James Charles]] demonstrates the effects of Cancel and Call-Out Culture. He was a young and famous internet sensation known for being the first male face of [[CoverGirl]], amassing over 16 million followers on Instagram, and having his own brand<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Safronova|first=Valeriya|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/style/james-charles-makeup-artist-youtube.html|title=James Charles, From ‘CoverBoy’ to Canceled|date=2019-05-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-03-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>. However, in May 2019, [[Tati Westbrook]], a fellow [[YouTube|youtube]] blogger and friend of James Charles, revealed to her subscribers how James Charles violated their friendship by supporting Westbrook’s rival company online<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/cancelling-james-charles-beauty-youtuber-loses-3-million-subscribers-weekend-n1005131|title=The canceling of James Charles: Beauty guru loses 3 million subscribers in a weekend|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>. The video in which she revealed this information accumulated over 40 million views<ref name=":1" />. In the following backlash, which included more “receipts”, or online media/digital records meant to show evidence of innocence or guilt, James Charles was also accused of Racism, Transphobia, among other things<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. In this backlash, the consequence of cultural cancel culture (also known as call-out culture), can be seen. James Charles YouTube account lost over 3 million followers, and people ridiculed him and his brand widely online<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />.
-==See also==
-{{Portal|Sociology}}
-* [[Billy Graham rule]]
-*''[[Damnatio memoriae]]''
-* [[Deplatforming]]
-* [[Hashtag activism]]
-* [[Internet vigilantism]]
-* [[Mobbing]]
-* [[Online shaming]]
-* [[Ostracism]]
-* [[Shunning]]
-* [[Slacktivism]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
-* [https://jezebel.com/well-it-sure-was-a-big-year-for-the-call-out-culture-wi-1840240922 "Well It Sure Was a Big Year for the 'Call-out Culture' Wikipedia Page"], by Molly Osberg, ''[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]]'', 30 December 2019
-[[Category:Boycotts]]
-[[Category:Deviance (sociology)]]
-[[Category:Internet-based activism]]
-[[Category:Political neologisms]]
-[[Category:Phrases]]
-[[Category:Shunning]]
-[[Category:Social commentary]]
-[[Category:Social critics]]
-[[Category:Social justice]]
-{{sociology-stub}}