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Cancel culture

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+#REDIRECT [[Cancel culture]]
-{{Merge to|Online shaming|date=February 2020|discussion=Talk:Online shaming#Merge Call-out culture in Online shaming}}
-{{short description|Phenomenon of public humiliation, shaming or boycott, typically on social media}}
-{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=December 2019}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
+{{Rcat shell|
-'''Call-out culture''' (also referred to as '''[[outrage culture]]''') is a form of [[public humiliation]] or [[shaming]] that aims to hold individuals and groups accountable for actions perceived to be offensive by other individuals or groups, who then call attention to this behavior, usually on [[social media]].<ref name=":0">{{cite thesis |last1=Huffman |first1=Ethan M |title=Call-out culture: how online shaming affects social media participation in young adults |date=2016 |oclc=1012943751 |url=https://search.proquest.com/openview/c82b2ef9569f3c2e886399172e283d53/1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Dan |last1=Melo |date=February 4, 2019 |title=What's Missing From Call-Out Culture: The Opportunity to Change |url=https://areomagazine.com/2019/02/04/whats-missing-from-call-out-culture-the-opportunity-to-change/ |website=Areo }}</ref>
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-'''Cancel culture''' (a variant term) describes a form of [[boycott]] in which someone (usually a celebrity) who has shared a questionable or controversial opinion, or has had  behavior in their past that is perceived to be offensive called out on social media, is "canceled"; they are completely boycotted by many of their former followers or supporters, often leading to massive declines in celebrities' (almost always social media personalities) careers and fanbase.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sills |first1=Sophie |last2=Pickens |first2=Chelsea |last3=Beach |first3=Karishma |last4=Jones |first4=Lloyd |last5=Calder-Dawe |first5=Octavia |last6=Benton-Greig |first6=Paulette |last7=Gavey |first7=Nicola |title=Rape culture and social media: young critics and a feminist counterpublic |journal=Feminist Media Studies |date=23 March 2016 |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=935–951 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2015.1137962 }}</ref><ref name="Munro">{{cite journal |last1=Munro |first1=Ealasaid |title=Feminism: A Fourth Wave? |journal=Political Insight |date=23 August 2013 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=22–25 |doi=10.1111/2041-9066.12021 }}</ref>
-== Scholarly Descriptions ==
-[[Michael Bérubé]], a professor of literature at [[Pennsylvania State University]], states, "in social media, what is known as 'callout culture' and 'ally theater' (in which people demonstrate their [[bona fides]] as allies of a vulnerable population) often produces a swell of online outrage that demands that a post or a tweet be taken down or deleted".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bérubé |first1=Michael |title=The Way We Review Now |journal=PMLA |date=January 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=132–138 |doi=10.1632/pmla.2018.133.1.132 }}</ref>
-[[Lisa Nakamura]], a [[professor]] at the [[University of Michigan]], contemplates call-out culture as an opportunity to educate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nakamura|first=Lisa|date=2015-12-15|title=The Unwanted Labour of Social Media: Women of Colour Call Out Culture As Venture Community Management|journal=New Formations|language=en|volume=86|issue=86|pages=106–112|doi=10.3898/NEWF.86.06.2015}}</ref> She described cancel culture as a "cultural boycott", adding that "when you deprive someone of your attention, you're depriving them of a [[livelihood]]."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah Engel |title=Everyone Is Canceled |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/28/style/is-it-canceled.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 June 2018 }}</ref>
-Condemnations of "cancel culture" are often understood to be complaints to delegitimize criticism, especially when consequences result.  The commercial consequences of criticism have also been exaggerated.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hagi |first1=Sarah |title=Cancel Culture Is Not Real—At Least Not in the Way People Think|url=https://time.com/5735403/cancel-culture-is-not-real/ |work=TIME Magazine |date=21 November 2019 }}</ref> People who experience "canceling" report effects on their personal lives.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McDermott|first=John|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/style/what-is-cancel-culture.html|title=Those People We Tried to Cancel? They're All Hanging Out Together|date=2019-11-02|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
-Call-out culture and canceling can also affect teens who use social media by reducing their social media participation.<ref name=":0" />
-== Controversy ==
-Since the beginning of "Call-Out Culture" and it's increasing usage, there have been contradicting viewpoints of the term as a positive educational practice to defend particular groups or individuals to defend themselves online from racial, sexual, or gender discourses, while others view it as negative repercussion to the comfort of media language <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/41128832/The_call-out_culture_controversy_An_identity-based_cultural_conflict|title=The 'call-out culture' controversy: An identity based cultural conflict|last=Duchi|first=Francesca|date=2019|website=Academia|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>. The differences in outlooks of "call-out culture" indicates the underlining controversy of the term. Initially, call-out culture can be seen as a manifestation of digital activism, however it is when mobile media users alter "call-out culture" to be toxic and misused to bring attention to a negative or alarmingly harmful event to the general public through online and offline forms of harassment and shaming <ref name=":3" />. It is when public shaming is involved, when the term becomes a severe form of hate or social injustice <ref name=":3" />.
-==See also==
-{{Portal|Sociology}}
-* [[Deplatforming]]
-* [[Hashtag activism]]
-* [[Internet vigilantism]]
-* [[Mobbing]]
-* [[Online shaming]]
-* [[Ostracism]]
-* [[Shunning]]
-* [[Slacktivism]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-==External links==
-* [https://jezebel.com/well-it-sure-was-a-big-year-for-the-call-out-culture-wi-1840240922 "Well It Sure Was a Big Year for the 'Call-out Culture' Wikipedia Page"], by Molly Osberg, ''[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]]'', 30 December 2019
-[[Category:Boycotts]]
-[[Category:Deviance (sociology)]]
-[[Category:Internet-based activism]]
-[[Category:Political neologisms]]
-[[Category:Phrases]]
-[[Category:Shunning]]
-[[Category:Social commentary]]
-[[Category:Social critics]]
-[[Category:Social justice]]
-{{sociology-stub}}