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{{Short description|American aircraft and engine manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| company_name = Nelson Aircraft Corporation
| name = Nelson Aircraft Corporation
| company_logo =
| image =
| slogan =
| type =
| company_type =
| fate =
| fate =
| Predecessor =
| Predecessor =
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Bowlus and Nelson formed the Nelson Aircraft Corporation to build a two-seat, [[motor glider]] version of the popular [[Bowlus BA-100 Baby Albatross]]. The designers nicknamed this design the ''Bumblebee'' but they sold the powered glider under the official moniker, ''Dragonfly''.<ref name=nasm>[http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19731120000 NASM ''Nelson BB-1 Dragonfly'' (Long Description)]</ref>
Bowlus and Nelson formed the Nelson Aircraft Corporation to build a two-seat, [[motor glider]] version of the popular [[Bowlus BA-100 Baby Albatross]]. The designers nicknamed this design the ''Bumblebee'' but they sold the powered glider under the official moniker, ''Dragonfly''.<ref name=nasm>[http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19731120000 NASM ''Nelson BB-1 Dragonfly'' (Long Description)]</ref>

⚫
The first Nelson-Bowlus glider was the Nelson ''Bumblebee'' with a pod-and-boom fuselage two-seat powered sailplane [NX1955]. The Bumblebee in 1945-46 was built with a [[Righter O-45]] 16-hp 4-cylinder engine. Nelson Aircraft then developed their own 25-28&nbsp;hp 4-cylinder, two-stroke [[Nelson H-44|H-44]] and [[Nelson H-44|H-49]] engines. These engines were used for a limited production version of the BB-1 Bumblebee called the [[BB-1 Dragonfly]].<ref name="Nelson"/>


==Designs==
==Designs==
[[File:Nelson Hummingbird PG-185B - Hiller Aviation Museum - San Carlos, California.jpg|thumb|[[Nelson Hummingbird PG-185B]]]]
[[File:Nelson BB1 Dragonfly in storage.jpg|thumb|[[BB-1 Dragonfly]]]]
The first Nelson-Bowlus glider was the [[Nelson Bumblebee]] with a pod-and-boom fuselage two-seat powered sailplane [NX1955]. The Bumblebee in 1945-46 was built with a [[Righter O-45]] 16-hp four-cylinder engine.<ref name=nasm/> The prototype Bumblebee had a fully retractable [[tricycle landing gear]], operated manually by the pilot. The [[nose gear]] was steerable with miniature shimmy dampeners and a lock. The rear wheels had a special cam action so that they could be tucked away in the fuselage at the proper angle. The rear wheels also had independent internally expanding brakes, designed by Bowlus, which facilitated taxiing on the ground.<ref name="Cal"/> The high pitch sound of the engine caused Bowlus and Nelson to name it the "Bumblebee." A three-gallon gas tank fed the pusher type engine allowing it to fly for an hour and a half under full throttle, cruising at 75&nbsp;mph. Tests were made which determined the engine was under-powered, producing about 16 [[horsepower]] at 3500 rpm, not enough for adequate flight, although Bowlus claimed it would climb 300 feet per minute to an altitude suitable for soaring. The men decided to build a suitable engine of their own design from scratch that was used for the later production models. Their new motor generated 25 horsepower, just enough power for takeoff and a slow climb.<ref name=nasm/>


⚫
Nelson Aircraft then developed their own 25-28&nbsp;hp four-cylinder, [[two-stroke]] [[Nelson H-44|H-44]] and [[Nelson H-44|H-49]] engines. These engines were used for a limited production version of the BB-1 Bumblebee called the [[BB-1 Dragonfly]].<ref name="Nelson"/>
The team kept the basic ''Baby Albatross'' design but made major changes by widening the [[cockpit]] and adding side-by-side seating with [[flight controls]] for each occupant. Further, there were improvements in the [[tricycle landing gear]], created a steerable nose [[landing gear]], added [[vertical fins]] mounted on the ends of the [[horizontal stabilizer]], and a handy hinged [[canopy]]. Ease of operation was with a handle to pull-start the engine; this was added inside the cockpit.


The experimental Nelson Bumblebee was a [[strut-braced]], [[high wing]], [[Bowlus Baby Albatross]] glider design which was altered by widening the [[cockpit]] and adding a plexiglass bubble to improve visibility. The [[Nelson Dragonfly]] version added [[vertical stabilizer]]s mounted on the ends of the [[horizontal stabilizer]]. The motorglider had side-by-side seating with [[Aircraft flight control system|flight controls]] for each occupant.<ref name="Cal">"California Bumblebee," Talon Quarterly published by the 17th Airborne Assn, Winter 1946.</ref>
In studying the fuselage design of the ''Baby Albatross'' the [[aft]] section of the fuselage pod was an ideal place to install a [[pusher engine]] and propeller. A small engine was needed to fix in this location, so Nelson and Bowlus selected a [[Ryder Engines|Ryder]] [[four-cylinder]], [[two-cycle]] [[power plant]]. Tests were made which determined the engine was under-powered producing about 16 [[horsepower]], not enough for adequate flight. With this conclusion, the men decided to build a suitable engine from scratch. Their new motor generated 25 horsepower, just enough power for takeoff and a slow climb.<ref name=nasm/>


==Aircraft==
==Aircraft==
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|-
|-
|+ align=center style="background:#BFD7FF"| '''Summary of aircraft built by Nelson Aircraft'''
|+ align=center style="background:#BFD7FF"| '''Summary of aircraft built by Nelson Aircraft'''
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Model name
! Model name
! First flight
! First flight
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|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson Bumblebee]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson Bumblebee]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1946}}
|align=center| 1946
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 1
|align=left| [[Motor glider]]
|align=left| [[Motor glider]]
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson Dragonfly]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson Dragonfly]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1947}}
|align=center| 1947
|align=center| 7
|align=center| 7
|align=left| Motor glider
|align=left| Motor glider
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson Hummingbird]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson Hummingbird]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1953}}
|align=center| 1953
|align=center| 7
|align=center| 7
|align=left| Motor glider
|align=left| Motor glider
Line 65: Line 68:
|-
|-
|+ align=center style="background:#BFD7FF"| '''Summary of engines built by Nelson Aircraft'''
|+ align=center style="background:#BFD7FF"| '''Summary of engines built by Nelson Aircraft'''
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Model name
! Model name
! Introduced
! Introduced
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|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-44]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-44]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1945}}
|align=center|1945
|align=left| 4-cylinder, 2-stroke, 25 hp at 3,900 rpm<ref name="GTC19"> {{Cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8db86e618c946c038525673c00665b17/$FILE/ATTRYH3Y/GTC19.pdf|title = Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheet GTC19 |accessdate = 10 March 2011|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|authorlink = |year = 1947|month = April}}</ref>
|align=left| 4-cylinder, 2-stroke, 25&nbsp;hp at 3,900 rpm<ref name="GTC19">{{Cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8db86e618c946c038525673c00665b17/$FILE/ATTRYH3Y/GTC19.pdf|title = Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheet GTC19 |accessdate = 10 March 2011|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|authorlink = |date=April 1947}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-49]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-49]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1949}}
|align=center|1949
|align=left| 4-cylinder, 2-stroke, 28 hp at 4,000 rpm<ref name="GTC19" />
|align=left| 4-cylinder, 2-stroke, 28&nbsp;hp at 4,000 rpm<ref name="GTC19" />
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-59]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-59]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1953}}
|align=center|1953
|align=left| 4-cylinder; 2-stroke, 40 hp at 4,000 rpm<ref>[http://www.pra.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74%3Aigor-bensen-tribute&catid=35%3ATribute&Itemid=28 Popular Rotocraft Association: ''Igor Bensen'']</ref>
|align=left| 4-cylinder; 2-stroke, 40&nbsp;hp at 4,000 rpm<ref>[http://www.pra.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=74%3Aigor-bensen-tribute&catid=35%3ATribute&Itemid=28 Popular Rotocraft Association: ''Igor Bensen'']</ref>
|-
|-
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-63]]'''
|align=left| '''[[Nelson H-63]]'''
|align=center| {{avyear|1958}}
|align=center|1958
|align=left| 4-cylinder; 2-stroke; 43 hp at 4,000 rpm<ref name="4E1"> {{Cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/721452f52e1c7b0c85256784006b187f/$FILE/ATTVMM9O/4e1.pdf|title = Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheet 4E1 |accessdate = 13 March 2011|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|authorlink = |year = 1996|month = February}}</ref>
|align=left| 4-cylinder; 2-stroke; 43&nbsp;hp at 4,000 rpm<ref name="4E1">{{Cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/721452f52e1c7b0c85256784006b187f/$FILE/ATTVMM9O/4e1.pdf|title = Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheet 4E1 |accessdate = 13 March 2011|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|authorlink = |date=February 1996}}</ref>
|-
|-


|}
|}

<!-- ==See also== -->
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{Nelson Aircraft}}
{{Nelson Aircraft}}
{{William Hawley Bowlus aircraft designs}}
{{William Hawley Bowlus aircraft designs}}

{{aviation lists}}
[[Category:Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States]]

Latest revision as of 13:41, 19 April 2021

Nelson Aircraft Corporation
IndustryAerospace
Founded1945
HeadquartersSan Fernando, California, United States
Key people
Ted Nelson
William Hawley Bowlus
ProductsMotor gliders
Aero engines

The Nelson Aircraft Corporation was founded in 1945 by sailplane pilot Ted Nelson and sailplane designer William Hawley Bowlus in San Fernando, California.[1]

Bowlus and Nelson formed the Nelson Aircraft Corporation to build a two-seat, motor glider version of the popular Bowlus BA-100 Baby Albatross. The designers nicknamed this design the Bumblebee but they sold the powered glider under the official moniker, Dragonfly.[2]

Designs

[edit]
Nelson Hummingbird PG-185B
BB-1 Dragonfly

The first Nelson-Bowlus glider was the Nelson Bumblebee with a pod-and-boom fuselage two-seat powered sailplane [NX1955]. The Bumblebee in 1945-46 was built with a Righter O-45 16-hp four-cylinder engine.[2] The prototype Bumblebee had a fully retractable tricycle landing gear, operated manually by the pilot. The nose gear was steerable with miniature shimmy dampeners and a lock. The rear wheels had a special cam action so that they could be tucked away in the fuselage at the proper angle. The rear wheels also had independent internally expanding brakes, designed by Bowlus, which facilitated taxiing on the ground.[3] The high pitch sound of the engine caused Bowlus and Nelson to name it the "Bumblebee." A three-gallon gas tank fed the pusher type engine allowing it to fly for an hour and a half under full throttle, cruising at 75 mph. Tests were made which determined the engine was under-powered, producing about 16 horsepower at 3500 rpm, not enough for adequate flight, although Bowlus claimed it would climb 300 feet per minute to an altitude suitable for soaring. The men decided to build a suitable engine of their own design from scratch that was used for the later production models. Their new motor generated 25 horsepower, just enough power for takeoff and a slow climb.[2]

Nelson Aircraft then developed their own 25-28 hp four-cylinder, two-stroke H-44 and H-49 engines. These engines were used for a limited production version of the BB-1 Bumblebee called the BB-1 Dragonfly.[1]

The experimental Nelson Bumblebee was a strut-braced, high wing, Bowlus Baby Albatross glider design which was altered by widening the cockpit and adding a plexiglass bubble to improve visibility. The Nelson Dragonfly version added vertical stabilizers mounted on the ends of the horizontal stabilizer. The motorglider had side-by-side seating with flight controls for each occupant.[3]

Aircraft

[edit]
Summary of aircraft built by Nelson Aircraft
Model name First flight Number built Type
Nelson Bumblebee 1946 1 Motor glider
Nelson Dragonfly 1947 7 Motor glider
Nelson Hummingbird 1953 7 Motor glider

Engines

[edit]
Summary of engines built by Nelson Aircraft
Model name Introduced Type
Nelson H-44 1945 4-cylinder, 2-stroke, 25 hp at 3,900 rpm[4]
Nelson H-49 1949 4-cylinder, 2-stroke, 28 hp at 4,000 rpm[4]
Nelson H-59 1953 4-cylinder; 2-stroke, 40 hp at 4,000 rpm[5]
Nelson H-63 1958 4-cylinder; 2-stroke; 43 hp at 4,000 rpm[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Aeroengine: Nelson Aircraft
  2. ^ a b c NASM Nelson BB-1 Dragonfly (Long Description)
  3. ^ a b "California Bumblebee," Talon Quarterly published by the 17th Airborne Assn, Winter 1946.
  4. ^ a b Federal Aviation Administration (April 1947). "Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheet GTC19" (PDF). Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  5. ^ Popular Rotocraft Association: Igor Bensen
  6. ^ Federal Aviation Administration (February 1996). "Aircraft Type Certificate Data Sheet 4E1" (PDF). Retrieved 13 March 2011.
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