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{{Infobox Aircraft
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
|name=
|name="Semi-biplane"
|image=
|image=Ellehammer 1906 (replika).jpg
|caption=Replica of the semi-biplane in the [[Danmarks Flymuseum]]
|caption=
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|type=
|type=Experimental aircraft
|manufacturer=
|manufacturer=[[Jacob Ellehammer]]
|designer=
|designer=[[Jacob Ellehammer]]
|first flight=
|first flight=12 September [[1906 in aviation|1906]]
|introduced=
|introduced=
|retired=
|retired=
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|more users=
|more users=
|produced=
|produced=
|number built=
|number built=1
|variants with their own articles=
|variants with their own articles=
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|}
The '''Ellehammer Semi-biplane''' was a pioneering aircraft flown in Denmark in 1906. [[Jacob Ellehammer]] built the aircraft based on [[Ellehammer No. I tractor monoplane|his monoplane]] design of the previous year. Like that aircraft, it featured a large, triangular wing, with a motor (of Ellehammer's own design and construction) mounted beneath it. The pilot sat on a seat that was suspended like a [[pendulum]], allowing him to shift his weight to control the aircraft, similar in concept (if not execution) to the control of a modern hang-glider. Unlike his monoplane, however, the semi-biplane's main wing formed a constant, unbroken span. Additionally, it was fitted with an upper wing of the same triangular shape, which connected to the main wing at its three corners and to an arch above the aircraft's centreline.

In this aircraft, Ellehammer made a short hop on {{ill|Lindholm Island|da|Lindholm (Smålandsfarvandet)}} on 16 August, and a sustained flight on 12 September, covering 42 metres at an altitude of around 50&nbsp;cm (140&nbsp;ft at around 2&nbsp;ft). This was not a free flight, however, as the aircraft was tethered to a pole at the center of the runway. A replica of the aircraft was constructed in 1966 by [[Arvid Ligaard Sørensen]], powered by a [[Citroën 2CV]] engine and donated to the [[Danmarks Flymuseum]]. Tests with the replica showed difficulties in transmitting engine power to the propeller and while this aircraft could taxi, it proved impossible to coax from the ground.

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==Specifications (variant) ==
==Specifications (variant) ==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aerospecs
|prime units? = met
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|crew=One pilot
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->
|length m=9.40

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|eng1 name=custom-built 3-cylinder radial
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|gross weight lb=
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|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 number=
|eng2 type=
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|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
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|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|range km=
|range miles=
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
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|ceiling ft=
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|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->

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|armament3=
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|armament5=
|armament6=
}}
}}


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==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Ellehammer semi-biplane}}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages= }}
* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages= }}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=348 }}
* [http://www.flymuseum.dk/component/content/article/11-fly-og-effekter/fly/164-ellehammer-1906-replika Danmarks Flymuseum - Ellehammer 1906 (replika)] ''(In Danish)''

<!-- ==External links== -->
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{{aviation lists}}
{{Ellehammer aircraft}}


[[Category: ]]
[[Category:1900s Danish experimental aircraft]]
[[Category:Ellehammer aircraft|Semi-biplane]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1906]]

Latest revision as of 06:15, 3 May 2021

"Semi-biplane"
Replica of the semi-biplane in the Danmarks Flymuseum
Role Experimental aircraft
Manufacturer Jacob Ellehammer
Designer Jacob Ellehammer
First flight 12 September 1906
Number built 1

The Ellehammer Semi-biplane was a pioneering aircraft flown in Denmark in 1906. Jacob Ellehammer built the aircraft based on his monoplane design of the previous year. Like that aircraft, it featured a large, triangular wing, with a motor (of Ellehammer's own design and construction) mounted beneath it. The pilot sat on a seat that was suspended like a pendulum, allowing him to shift his weight to control the aircraft, similar in concept (if not execution) to the control of a modern hang-glider. Unlike his monoplane, however, the semi-biplane's main wing formed a constant, unbroken span. Additionally, it was fitted with an upper wing of the same triangular shape, which connected to the main wing at its three corners and to an arch above the aircraft's centreline.

In this aircraft, Ellehammer made a short hop on Lindholm Island [da] on 16 August, and a sustained flight on 12 September, covering 42 metres at an altitude of around 50 cm (140 ft at around 2 ft). This was not a free flight, however, as the aircraft was tethered to a pole at the center of the runway. A replica of the aircraft was constructed in 1966 by Arvid Ligaard Sørensen, powered by a Citroën 2CV engine and donated to the Danmarks Flymuseum. Tests with the replica showed difficulties in transmitting engine power to the propeller and while this aircraft could taxi, it proved impossible to coax from the ground.


Specifications (variant)

[edit]

General characteristics

  • Crew: One pilot
  • Length: 9.40 m (30 ft 10 in)
  • Wingspan: 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in)
  • Powerplant: 1 × custom-built 3-cylinder radial , 14 kW (18 hp)

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ellehammer semi-biplane.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 348.
  • Danmarks Flymuseum - Ellehammer 1906 (replika) (In Danish)
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