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The '''Ellehammer Semi-biplane''' was a pioneering aircraft flown in Denmark in 1906. [[Jacob Ellehammer]] built the aircraft based on [[Ellehammer No. I tractor monoplane|his monoplane]] design of the previous year. Like that aircraft, it featured a large, triangular wing, with a motor (of Ellehammer's own design and construction) mounted beneath it. The pilot sat on a seat that was suspended like a [[pendulum]], allowing him to shift his weight to control the aircraft, similar in concept (if not execution) to the control of a modern hang-glider. Unlike his monoplane, however, the semi-biplane's main wing formed a constant, unbroken span. Additionally, it was fitted with an upper wing of the same triangular shape, which connected to the main wing at its three corners and to an arch above the aircraft's centreline. |
The '''Ellehammer Semi-biplane''' was a pioneering aircraft flown in Denmark in 1906. [[Jacob Ellehammer]] built the aircraft based on [[Ellehammer No. I tractor monoplane|his monoplane]] design of the previous year. Like that aircraft, it featured a large, triangular wing, with a motor (of Ellehammer's own design and construction) mounted beneath it. The pilot sat on a seat that was suspended like a [[pendulum]], allowing him to shift his weight to control the aircraft, similar in concept (if not execution) to the control of a modern hang-glider. Unlike his monoplane, however, the semi-biplane's main wing formed a constant, unbroken span. Additionally, it was fitted with an upper wing of the same triangular shape, which connected to the main wing at its three corners and to an arch above the aircraft's centreline. |
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In this aircraft, Ellehammer made a short hop on |
In this aircraft, Ellehammer made a short hop on {{ill|Lindholm Island|da|Lindholm (Smålandsfarvandet)}} on 16 August, and a sustained flight on 12 September, covering 42 metres at an altitude of around 50 cm (140 ft at around 2 ft). This was not a free flight, however, as the aircraft was tethered to a pole at the center of the runway. A replica of the aircraft was constructed in 1966 by [[Arvid Ligaard Sørensen]], powered by a [[Citroën 2CV]] engine and donated to the [[Danmarks Flymuseum]]. Tests with the replica showed difficulties in transmitting engine power to the propeller and while this aircraft could taxi, it proved impossible to coax from the ground. |
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|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->met |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|prime units? = met |
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|crew=One pilot |
|crew=One pilot |
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|capacity= |
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|length m=9.40 |
|length m=9.40 |
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|length ft= |
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|length in= |
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|span m=6.00 |
|span m=6.00 |
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|span ft= |
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|swept m=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept in=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|rot number=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|dia m=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|dia ft=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|dia in=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|width m=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|width ft=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|width in=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|height m= |
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|height ft= |
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|height in= |
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|wing area sqm= |
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|wing area sqft= |
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|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight lb= |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|gross weight lb= |
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|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 |
|eng1 name=custom-built 3-cylinder radial |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->14 |
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->14 |
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->18 |
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->18 |
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|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|perfhide=Y |
|perfhide=Y |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph= |
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|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft --> |
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|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|range km= |
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|range miles= |
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|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft= |
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|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
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|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|armament1= |
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|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commons category|Ellehammer semi-biplane}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=348 }} |
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=348 }} |
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* [http://www.flymuseum.dk/ellehammer |
* [http://www.flymuseum.dk/component/content/article/11-fly-og-effekter/fly/164-ellehammer-1906-replika Danmarks Flymuseum - Ellehammer 1906 (replika)] ''(In Danish)'' |
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<!-- ==External links== --> |
<!-- ==External links== --> |
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{{Ellehammer aircraft}} |
{{Ellehammer aircraft}} |
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{{aviation lists}} |
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[[Category:Danish experimental aircraft |
[[Category:1900s Danish experimental aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Ellehammer aircraft|Semi-biplane]] |
[[Category:Ellehammer aircraft|Semi-biplane]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Biplanes]] |
[[Category:Biplanes]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1906]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:15, 3 May 2021
| "Semi-biplane" | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| Replica of the semi-biplane in the Danmarks Flymuseum | |
| Role | Experimental aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Jacob Ellehammer |
| Designer | Jacob Ellehammer |
| First flight | 12 September 1906 |
| Number built | 1 |
The Ellehammer Semi-biplane was a pioneering aircraft flown in Denmark in 1906. Jacob Ellehammer built the aircraft based on his monoplane design of the previous year. Like that aircraft, it featured a large, triangular wing, with a motor (of Ellehammer's own design and construction) mounted beneath it. The pilot sat on a seat that was suspended like a pendulum, allowing him to shift his weight to control the aircraft, similar in concept (if not execution) to the control of a modern hang-glider. Unlike his monoplane, however, the semi-biplane's main wing formed a constant, unbroken span. Additionally, it was fitted with an upper wing of the same triangular shape, which connected to the main wing at its three corners and to an arch above the aircraft's centreline.
In this aircraft, Ellehammer made a short hop on Lindholm Island on 16 August, and a sustained flight on 12 September, covering 42 metres at an altitude of around 50 cm (140 ft at around 2 ft). This was not a free flight, however, as the aircraft was tethered to a pole at the center of the runway. A replica of the aircraft was constructed in 1966 by Arvid Ligaard Sørensen, powered by a Citroën 2CV engine and donated to the Danmarks Flymuseum. Tests with the replica showed difficulties in transmitting engine power to the propeller and while this aircraft could taxi, it proved impossible to coax from the ground.
Specifications (variant)
[edit]General characteristics
- Crew: One pilot
- Length: 9.40 m (30 ft 10 in)
- Wingspan: 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in)
- Powerplant: 1 × custom-built 3-cylinder radial , 14 kW (18 hp)
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ellehammer semi-biplane.
- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 348.
- Danmarks Flymuseum - Ellehammer 1906 (replika) (In Danish)