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===History=== |
===History=== |
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Parishes arose from ''[[Church of England]]'' divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.<ref name=anguswinchester>Angus Winchester, 2000, ''Discovering Parish Boundaries''. Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pages ISBN |
Parishes arose from ''[[Church of England]]'' divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.<ref name=anguswinchester>Angus Winchester, 2000, ''Discovering Parish Boundaries''. Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pages {{ISBN|978-0747804703}}</ref> |
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The ''[[Highways Act 1555]]'' made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the ''Surveyor of Highways''.<ref>[http://www.racfoundation.org/files/British%20Highways%20Development%20Before%20Motorways.pdf RAC Foundation : ''What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
The ''[[Highways Act 1555]]'' made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the ''Surveyor of Highways''.<ref>[http://www.racfoundation.org/files/British%20Highways%20Development%20Before%20Motorways.pdf RAC Foundation : ''What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
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The poor were looked after by the [[monastery|monasteries]], until their [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution]]. In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the ''[[Elizabethan Poor Law (1601)|Poor Law Act 1601]]'', which made parishes responsible for administering the ''[[Poor Law]]''; overseers were appointed to charge a [[rates (tax)|rate]] to support the poor of the parish.<ref>[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/poorlaw/plintro.html The Victorian Web : ''The Poor Law : Introduction''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the ''Poor Law'' powers were transferred to [[Poor Law Unions]].<ref>[http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/humanities_and_soc_sciences/census/unions.htm Staffordshire University : ''Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> The ''[[sanitary district|Public Health Act 1872]]'' grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for [[Rural District]]s.<ref>[http://vision.edina.ac.uk/types/status_page.jsp?unit_status=RSD A Vision of Britain Through Time : ''Status Details for Rural Sanitary District''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
The poor were looked after by the [[monastery|monasteries]], until their [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution]]. In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the ''[[Elizabethan Poor Law (1601)|Poor Law Act 1601]]'', which made parishes responsible for administering the ''[[Poor Law]]''; overseers were appointed to charge a [[rates (tax)|rate]] to support the poor of the parish.<ref>[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/poorlaw/plintro.html The Victorian Web : ''The Poor Law : Introduction''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the ''Poor Law'' powers were transferred to [[Poor Law Unions]].<ref>[http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/humanities_and_soc_sciences/census/unions.htm Staffordshire University : ''Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> The ''[[sanitary district|Public Health Act 1872]]'' grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for [[Rural District]]s.<ref>[http://vision.edina.ac.uk/types/status_page.jsp?unit_status=RSD A Vision of Britain Through Time : ''Status Details for Rural Sanitary District''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
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Parishes were run by [[vestry|vestries]], meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,<ref>Robert Tittler, ''The Reformation and the Towns in England'', 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages, ISBN |
Parishes were run by [[vestry|vestries]], meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,<ref>Robert Tittler, ''The Reformation and the Towns in England'', 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages, {{ISBN|9780198207184}}</ref> although some [[township (England)|township]]s in large parishes administered the ''Poor Law'' themselves; under the ''[[Divided |Parishes Act 1882]]'', all [[extra-parochial area]]s and [[township (England)|township]]s that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.<ref name="surname">[http://homepages.newnet.co.uk/dance/webpjd/offstats/regevents.htm Modern British Surnames : ''Selected Events in the History of Civil Registration and Boundary Changes 1801-1996''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
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Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the ''[[Local Government Act 1894]]'', which abolished [[vestry|vestries]]; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.<ref name="surname"/> Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the [[Urban District]], [[Municipal Borough]] or [[County Borough]] in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of the ''Poor Law'' system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.<ref>Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill, ''The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils'', 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages</ref> |
Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the ''[[Local Government Act 1894]]'', which abolished [[vestry|vestries]]; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.<ref name="surname"/> Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the [[Urban District]], [[Municipal Borough]] or [[County Borough]] in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of the ''Poor Law'' system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.<ref>Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill, ''The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils'', 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages</ref> |
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A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;<ref name="act"/> and a civil parish can also gain [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]], but only if that is granted by [[British monarchy|the Crown]].<ref name="act"/> The chairman of a town or city council is called a [[Mayors in the United Kingdom|mayor]].<ref name="act"/> The ''[[Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007]]'' introduced alternative names: a parish council can now chose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.<ref>[http://www.uk-legislation.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts2007/ukpga_20070028_en_1 Office of Public Sector Information : ''Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;<ref name="act"/> and a civil parish can also gain [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]], but only if that is granted by [[British monarchy|the Crown]].<ref name="act"/> The chairman of a town or city council is called a [[Mayors in the United Kingdom|mayor]].<ref name="act"/> The ''[[Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007]]'' introduced alternative names: a parish council can now chose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.<ref>[http://www.uk-legislation.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts2007/ukpga_20070028_en_1 Office of Public Sector Information : ''Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007''] Retrieved 2009-08-22</ref> |
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{{Location map+|Cheshire |caption = <small>Civil parishes with town status</small> |
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|width = 500 |
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|float= center |
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|places = |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Alsager]] |
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|long = -2.305 |
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|lat = 53.096 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Bollington]] |
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|long = -2.093 |
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|lat = 53.298 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Congleton]] |
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|long = -2.217 |
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|lat = 53.162 |
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|background = white |
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|position= right |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Knutsford]] |
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|long = -2.371 |
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|lat = 53.300 |
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|background = white |
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|position= left |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Middlewich]] |
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|long = -2.443 |
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|lat = 53.192 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Nantwich]] |
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|long = -2.522 |
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|lat = 53.067 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Poynton|Poynton with Worth]] |
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|long = -2.114 |
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|lat = 53.348 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Sandbach]] |
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|long = -2.367 |
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|lat = 53.146 |
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|background = white |
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|position= left |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Frodsham]] |
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|long = -2.725 |
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|lat = 53.295 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Neston]] |
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|long = -3.074 |
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|lat = 53.289 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Northwich]] |
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|long = -2.518 |
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|lat = 53.259 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Winsford]] |
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|long = -2.520 |
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|lat = 53.194 |
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|background = white |
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|position= left |
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}} |
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{{Location map~|Cheshire |
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|label = [[Birchwood]] |
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|long = -2.530 |
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|lat = 53.416 |
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|background = white |
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}} |
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}} |
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===List of civil parishes and unparished areas=== |
===List of civil parishes and unparished areas=== |
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| [[File:Mottram Saint Andrew - Junction.jpg|100px]] || [[Mottram St Andrew]] || Civil parish || align="right"|629 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Macclesfield Rural District|Macclesfield<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="macclesfield rural"/><br><ref name="pop macclesfield"/> |
| [[File:Mottram Saint Andrew - Junction.jpg|100px]] || [[Mottram St Andrew]] || Civil parish || align="right"|629 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Macclesfield Rural District|Macclesfield<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="macclesfield rural"/><br><ref name="pop macclesfield"/> |
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|- |
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| [[File: |
| [[File:Churches Mansion left.jpg|100px]] || [[Nantwich]] || Town || align="right"|12,515 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Nantwich|Nantwich<br>Urban District]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10137147 A Vision of Britain Through Time : ''Nantwich Urban District''] Retrieved 2009-12-01</ref><br><ref name="pop crewe"/> |
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| [[File:Nether Alderley - Mill.jpg|100px]] || [[Nether Alderley]] || Civil parish || align="right"|571 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Macclesfield Rural District|Macclesfield<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="macclesfield rural"/><br><ref name="pop macclesfield"/> |
| [[File:Nether Alderley - Mill.jpg|100px]] || [[Nether Alderley]] || Civil parish || align="right"|571 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Macclesfield Rural District|Macclesfield<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="macclesfield rural"/><br><ref name="pop macclesfield"/> |
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| [[File:Twemlow - Twemlow Viaduct.jpg|100px]] || [[Twemlow]] || Civil parish || align="right"|168 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Congleton Rural District|Congleton<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="congleton rural"/><br><ref name="pop congleton"/> |
| [[File:Twemlow - Twemlow Viaduct.jpg|100px]] || [[Twemlow]] || Civil parish || align="right"|168 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Congleton Rural District|Congleton<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="congleton rural"/><br><ref name="pop congleton"/> |
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| [[File: |
| [[File:The Boar's Head, Walgherton.jpg|100px]] || [[Walgherton]] || Civil parish || align="right"|121 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Nantwich Rural District|Nantwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="nantwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop crewe"/> |
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| [[File:Wardle - Goodwin Bridge.jpg|100px]] || [[Wardle, Cheshire|Wardle]] || Civil parish || align="right"|181 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Nantwich Rural District|Nantwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="nantwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop crewe"/> |
| [[File:Wardle - Goodwin Bridge.jpg|100px]] || [[Wardle, Cheshire|Wardle]] || Civil parish || align="right"|181 || [[Cheshire East]] || [[Nantwich Rural District|Nantwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="nantwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop crewe"/> |
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| [[File:Hospice of the Good Shepherd - geograph.org.uk - 34872.jpg|100px]] || [[Backford]] || Civil parish || align="right"|109 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
| [[File:Hospice of the Good Shepherd - geograph.org.uk - 34872.jpg|100px]] || [[Backford]] || Civil parish || align="right"|109 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Barnton - Saltersford Locks.jpg|100px]] || [[Barnton]] || Civil parish || align="right"|5,527 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
| [[File:Barnton - Saltersford Locks.jpg|100px]] || [[Barnton, Cheshire|Barnton]] || Civil parish || align="right"|5,527 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Barrow - Broomhill Orchard Farm.jpg|100px]] || [[Barrow, Cheshire|Barrow]] || Civil parish || align="right"|943 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
| [[File:Barrow - Broomhill Orchard Farm.jpg|100px]] || [[Barrow, Cheshire|Barrow]] || Civil parish || align="right"|943 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Old St. Chad's - In the fields - geograph.org.uk - 224152.jpg|100px]] || [[Tushingham cum Grindley]] || Civil parish || align="right"|166 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Tarvin Rural District|Tarvin<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="tarvin"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
| [[File:Old St. Chad's - In the fields - geograph.org.uk - 224152.jpg|100px]] || [[Tushingham cum Grindley]] || Civil parish || align="right"|166 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Tarvin Rural District|Tarvin<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="tarvin"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Old Houses in Upton by Chester - geograph.org.uk - 33808.jpg|100px]] || [[Upton by Chester]] || Civil parish || align="right"|7,800 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Footpath East from Utkinton Lane - geograph.org.uk - 332011.jpg|100px]] || [[Utkinton]] || Civil parish || align="right"|651 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Waverton - Evangelical Fellowship chapel - geograph.org.uk - 976355.jpg|100px]] || [[Waverton, Cheshire|Waverton]] || Civil parish || align="right"|1,560 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Tarvin Rural District|Tarvin<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="tarvin"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Lime Avenue shops, Weaverham - geograph.org.uk - 17728.jpg|100px]] || [[Weaverham]] || Civil parish || align="right"|6,589 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Along the towpath on NCR's 5 & 56 - geograph.org.uk - 1442829.jpg|100px]] || [[Wervin]] || Civil parish || align="right"|118 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:The old post office - geograph.org.uk - 993917.jpg|100px]] || [[Whitegate and Marton]] || Civil parish || align="right"|971 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Lower Whitley - geograph.org.uk - 133323.jpg|100px]] || [[Whitley, Cheshire|Whitley]] || Civil parish || align="right"|508 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Runcorn Rural District|Runcorn<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="runcorn rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Higher Wych Methodist Church - geograph.org.uk - 336729.jpg|100px]] || [[Wigland]] || Civil parish || align="right"|104 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Tarvin Rural District|Tarvin<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="tarvin"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Hadlow Road Station, Willaston - geograph.org.uk - 1431674.jpg|100px]] || [[Willaston, Cheshire West|Willaston]] || Unparished area || align="right"|2,922 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Neston|Neston<br>Urban District]] || <ref name="neston"/><br><ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/home.do Office for National Statistics : ''Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population''] Willaston and Thornton (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-12-09</ref> |
| [[File:Hadlow Road Station, Willaston - geograph.org.uk - 1431674.jpg|100px]] || [[Willaston, Cheshire West|Willaston]] || Unparished area || align="right"|2,922 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Neston|Neston<br>Urban District]] || <ref name="neston"/><br><ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/home.do Office for National Statistics : ''Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population''] Willaston and Thornton (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-12-09</ref> |
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| [[File:Willington Hall hotel - geograph.org.uk - 214243.jpg|100px]] || [[Willington, Cheshire|Willington]] || Civil parish || align="right"|113 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Tarvin Rural District|Tarvin<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="tarvin"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Wimbolds Trafford township - geograph.org.uk - 45684.jpg|100px]] || [[Wimbolds Trafford]] || Civil parish || align="right"|97 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Smithy Farm, Wimboldsley - geograph.org.uk - 572284.jpg|100px]] || [[Wimboldsley]] || Civil parish || align="right"|135 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:The Canal Cottage, Wincham - geograph.org.uk - 996137.jpg|100px]] || [[Wincham]] || Civil parish || align="right"|2,289 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Northwich Rural District|Northwich<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="northwich rural"/><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Winsford fire station - geograph.org.uk - 266796.jpg|100px]] || [[Winsford]] || Town || align="right"|29,683 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Winsford|Winsford<br>Urban District]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10137160 A Vision of Britain Through Time : ''Winsford Urban District''] Retrieved 2010-01-02</ref><br><ref name="pop vale royal"/> |
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| [[File:Woodbank - geograph.org.uk - 146872.jpg|100px]] || [[Woodbank, Cheshire|Woodbank]] || Civil parish || align="right"|62 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Chester Rural District|Chester<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="chester rural"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Fields south of Manor Farm - geograph.org.uk - 441065.jpg|100px]] || [[Wychough]] || Civil parish || align="right"|11 || [[Cheshire West and Chester]] || [[Tarvin Rural District|Tarvin<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="tarvin"/><br><ref name="pop chester"/> |
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| [[File:Daresbury window 1.jpg|100px]] || [[Daresbury]] || Civil parish || align="right"|216 || [[Borough of Halton|Halton]] || [[Runcorn Rural District|Runcorn<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="runcorn rural"/><br><ref name="pop halton">[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=8&containerAreaId=790279 Office for National Statistics : ''Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Halton''] Retrieved 2009-12-08</ref> |
| [[File:Daresbury window 1.jpg|100px]] || [[Daresbury]] || Civil parish || align="right"|216 || [[Borough of Halton|Halton]] || [[Runcorn Rural District|Runcorn<br>Rural District]] || <ref name="runcorn rural"/><br><ref name="pop halton">[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=8&containerAreaId=790279 Office for National Statistics : ''Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Halton''] Retrieved 2009-12-08</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 14:24, 14 June 2021
A civil parish is a subnational entity, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 332 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, most of the county being parished. At the 2001 census, there were 565,259 people living in the 332 parishes, accounting for 57.5 per cent of the county's population.
History
[edit]Parishes arose from Church of England divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.[1]
The Highways Act 1555 made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways.[2]
The poor were looked after by the monasteries, until their dissolution. In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the Poor Law Act 1601, which made parishes responsible for administering the Poor Law; overseers were appointed to charge a rate to support the poor of the parish.[3] The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the Poor Law powers were transferred to Poor Law Unions.[4] The Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for Rural Districts.[5]
Parishes were run by vestries, meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,[6] although some townships in large parishes administered the Poor Law themselves; under the Parishes Act 1882, all extra-parochial areas and townships that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.[7]
Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the Local Government Act 1894, which abolished vestries; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.[7] Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the Urban District, Municipal Borough or County Borough in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of the Poor Law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.[8]
The Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas, and many former Urban Districts and Municipal Boroughs that were being abolished, were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes became unparished areas.[9]
The current position
[edit]Recent governments have encouraged the formation of town and parish councils in unparished areas, and the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.[10]
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;[9] and a civil parish can also gain city status, but only if that is granted by the Crown.[9] The chairman of a town or city council is called a mayor.[9] The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 introduced alternative names: a parish council can now chose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.[11]
List of civil parishes and unparished areas
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Angus Winchester, 2000, Discovering Parish Boundaries. Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pages ISBN 978-0747804703
- ^ RAC Foundation : What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ The Victorian Web : The Poor Law : Introduction Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Staffordshire University : Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Status Details for Rural Sanitary District Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Robert Tittler, The Reformation and the Towns in England, 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages, ISBN 9780198207184
- ^ a b Modern British Surnames : Selected Events in the History of Civil Registration and Boundary Changes 1801-1996 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill, The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils, 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages
- ^ a b c d Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government Act 1972 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Rating Act 1997 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp A Vision of Britain Through Time : Nantwich Rural District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Crewe and Nantwich Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A Vision of Britain Through Time : Macclesfield Rural District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Macclesfield Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bucklow Rural District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Alderley Edge Urban District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Alsager Urban District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Congleton Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s A Vision of Britain Through Time : Congleton Rural District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bollington Urban District Retrieved 2009-11-28
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Congleton Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-11-29
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Crewe Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Alexandra (part); Coppenhall; Delamere; Grosvenor; Leighton (part); Maw Green; St Barnabas (part); St John's; Valley; Waldron; and Wistaston Green wards. Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Disley Rural District Retrieved 2009-11-29
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Knutsford Urban District Retrieved 2009-11-30
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Macclesfield Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Macclesfield Bollinbrook; Macclesfield Broken Cross; Macclesfield Central; Macclesfield East; Macclesfield Hurdsfield; Macclesfield Ivy; Macclesfield Ryles; Macclesfield South (part); Macclesfield Tytherington; and Macclesfield West wards. Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Middlewich Urban District Retrieved 2009-11-30
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Nantwich Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-01
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Sandbach Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-03
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wilmslow Urban District Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Dean Row; Fulshaw; Handforth; Hough; Lacey Green; and Morley and Styal wards. Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae A Vision of Britain Through Time : Northwich Rural District Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Vale Royal Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq A Vision of Britain Through Time : Tarvin Rural District Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Chester Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw A Vision of Britain Through Time : Chester Rural District Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u A Vision of Britain Through Time : Runcorn Rural District Retrieved 2009-12-05
- ^ Office of the Deputy Prime Minister : Bulletin of Changes to Local Authority Areas and Names in England : Orders Made Between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2005 : District Council Notices of the Change of Name of a Parish Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b c A Vision of Britain Through Time : Neston Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Burton and Ness (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Chester County Borough Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Blacon Hall; Blacon Lodge; Boughton; Boughton Heath (part); City and St Anne's (part); College; Curzon and Westminster; Handbridge and St Mary's; Hoole All Saints; Hoole Groves; Lache Park; Newton Brook; Newton St Michaels; Upton Grange (part); and Vicars Cross (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Ellesmere Port Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Central; Grange; Groves; Ledsham; Pooltown; Rivacre; Rossmore; Strawberry Fields; Stanlow and Wolverham (part); Sutton; Sutton Green and Manor; Westminster; Whitby; and Willaston and Thornton (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Ellesmere Port and Neston Retrieved 2009-12-19
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Burton and Ness (part); Little Neston; Neston; Parkgate; and Riverside wards. Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ Department for Communities and Local Government : Bulletin of Changes to Local Authority Electoral Arrangements, Areas and Names in England : Orders Made Between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008 : The Ellesmere Port and Neston (Parish) Order 2007 Retrieved 2009-12-23
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Northwich Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-26
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Willaston and Thornton (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-12-09
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Winsford Urban District Retrieved 2010-01-02
- ^ a b c d Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Halton Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Whiston Rural District Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Widnes Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ditton ward (part). Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ a b The Electoral Commission : The Halton (Parish Electoral Arrangements) Order 2008 Retrieved 2009-12-10
- ^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Runcorn Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Beechwood; Daresbury (part); Grange; Halton Brook; Halton Castle; Halton Lea; Heath; Mersey; Norton North; Norton South; and Windmill Hill wards. Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Daresbury ward (part). Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Appleton; Birchfield; Broadheath; Ditton (part); Farnworth; Halton View; Hough Green; Kingsway; and Riverside wards. Retrieved 2009-12-08
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Warrington Retrieved 2009-12-05
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j A Vision of Britain Through Time : Warrington Rural District Retrieved 2009-12-05
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Golborne Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-05
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Lymm Urban District Retrieved 2009-12-06
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Warrington County Borough Retrieved 2009-11-25
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bewsey and Whitecross; Fairfield and Howley; Latchford East; Latchford West; Orford; and Poplars and Hulme (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-11-25
External links
[edit]- Office for National Statistics : Geographical Area Listings
- Cheshire East Council : Clerks of Town Councils, Parish Councils and Parish Meetings
- Cheshire West and Chester Council : Contact Details for Local Council Clerks
- Halton Borough Council : Parish Councils
- Warrington Borough Council : Parish and Town Councils