Royal formula of Parthian coinage: Difference between revisions

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Greek inscriptions similar to "ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ", meaning "[coin] of king of kings Arsaces, the benefactor (Euergetes), the just (Dikaios), the illustrious (Epiphanes), friend of the Greeks (Philhellen)", are found on coins of the Parthian Empire, starting from the reign of Artabanus I.^[1] Some variations of this inscription exist.

The name Arsaces indicates the Arsacid dynasty and appears until the period of Phraates IV.^[2]

Transliteration

BASILEOS BASILEON ARSAKOU EUERGETOU DIKAIOU EPIPHANOUS PHILHELLENOS.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Literal translation

Some of the more frequent epithets appearing in the royal formula:

ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ = Of the King of kings
ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ = the Great (genitive form)
ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ = Arsaces (genitive form)
ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ = Euergetes, the Benefactor (genitive form)
ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΟΣ = Autokratōr, absolute ruler (genitive form)
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ = Dikaios, the Just (genitive form)
ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ = Epiphanes, the Illustrious (genitive form)
ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ = Philopator, father-loving (genitive form)
ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ = Philhellene, the Friend of the Greeks (genitive form)

References

^ ^a ^b A catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum - "Catalogue of coins of Parthia", by Warwick William Wroth, 1903, p. 201, Oclc-id 3187578
^ Warwick William Wroth, 'On the Rearrangement of Parthian Coinage', N. C., 1900, pp. 181-202
^ "Drachm - Vologases III, Sellwood Type 78 - Ecbatana, Persia (ancient)". En.numista.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Drachm - Phraates IV, Sellwood Type 54, Persia (ancient)". En.numista.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Coin". British Museum. Retrieved 21 August 2017.

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[Cat-1] A catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum - "Catalogue of coins of Parthia", by Warwick William Wroth, 1903, p. 201, Oclc-id 3187578

[2] Warwick William Wroth, 'On the Rearrangement of Parthian Coinage', N. C., 1900, pp. 181-202

[3] "Drachm - Vologases III, Sellwood Type 78 - Ecbatana, Persia (ancient)". En.numista.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.

[4] "Drachm - Phraates IV, Sellwood Type 54, Persia (ancient)". En.numista.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.

[5] "Coin". British Museum. Retrieved 21 August 2017.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:BASILEOS BASILEON ARSAKOU EUERGETOU DIKAIOU EPIPHANOUS PHILELLENOS.png|thumb|the inscription "'''ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ'''" in a stylized Greek [[writing system]]<ref name="Cat">A catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum - "Catalogue of coins of Parthia", by [[Warwick William Wroth]], 1903, p. 201, Oclc-id 3187578</ref>]]
+[[File:BASILEOS BASILEON ARSAKOU EUERGETOU DIKAIOU EPIPHANOUS PHILELLENOS.png|thumb|the inscription "{{lang|grc|ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ}}" in a highly stylized variant of the [[Greek alphabet]]<ref name="Cat">A catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum - "Catalogue of coins of Parthia", by [[Warwick William Wroth]], 1903, p. 201, Oclc-id 3187578</ref>]]
-[[File:Iscrizione del potere dell'Impero Partico sul rovescio di una moneta di Pacoro I.png|thumb|Inscription of Parthian Empire power on the reverse of a coin of [[Pacorus I]]]]
+[[File:Iscrizione del potere dell'Impero Partico sul rovescio di una moneta di Pacoro I.png|thumb|Royal formula on the reverse of a coin of [[Pacorus I]]]]
-The Greek inscription "ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ" means "king of kings [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces]], the benefactor, the just, the illustrious, friend of the [[Greeks]]". It is found on coins of [[Parthian Empire]], starting from the kingdom of [[Artabanus I]].<ref name="Cat"/>
+[[Koine Greek|Greek]] inscriptions similar to "{{lang|grc|ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ}}", meaning "[coin] of [[king of kings]] [[Arsaces]], the benefactor (''[[Euergetes]]''), the just (''[[Dikaios]]''), the illustrious (''[[wikt:Epiphanes|Epiphanes]]''), friend of the [[Greeks]] (''[[Philhellenism|Philhellen]]'')", are found on coins of the [[Parthian Empire]], starting from the reign of [[Artabanus I]].<ref name="Cat"/> Some variations of this inscription exist.
-The name of [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces]] indicates the dynasty of [[Arsacides]] and appears until the period of [[Phraates IV]].<ref>[[Warwick William Wroth]], 'On the Rearrangement of Parthian Coinage', N. C., 1900, pp. 181-202</ref>
+The name [[Arsaces]] indicates the [[Arsacid dynasty]] and appears until the period of [[Phraates IV]].<ref>[[Warwick William Wroth]], 'On the Rearrangement of Parthian Coinage', N. C., 1900, pp. 181-202</ref>
+==Transliteration==
-==Translitteration==
-BASILEOS BASILEON ARSAKOU EUERGETOU DIKAIOU EPIPHANOUS PHILELLENOS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces74157.html|title=Drachm - Vologases III, Sellwood Type 78 - Ecbatana, Persia (ancient)|website=En.numista.com|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces90052.html|title=Drachm - Phraates IV, Sellwood Type 54, Persia (ancient)|website=En.numista.com|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3498011&partId=1&searchText=nineveh&page=4|title=Coin|website=[[British Museum]]|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref>
+BASILEOS BASILEON ARSAKOU EUERGETOU DIKAIOU EPIPHANOUS PHILHELLENOS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces74157.html|title=Drachm - Vologases III, Sellwood Type 78 - Ecbatana, Persia (ancient)|website=En.numista.com|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces90052.html|title=Drachm - Phraates IV, Sellwood Type 54, Persia (ancient)|website=En.numista.com|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3498011&partId=1&searchText=nineveh&page=4|title=Coin|website=[[British Museum]]|accessdate=21 August 2017}}</ref>
 ==Literal translation==
+Some of the more frequent epithets appearing in the royal formula:
-*ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ = King of kings
+*{{lang|grc|ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ}} = Of the [[King of kings]]
-*ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ = [[Arsaces I of Parthia|Arsaces]]
+*{{lang|grc|ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ}} = the Great (genitive form)
-*ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ = Benefactor
+*{{lang|grc|ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ}} = [[Arsaces]] (genitive form)
-*ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ = Just
+*{{lang|grc|ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ}} = ''[[Euergetes]]'', the Benefactor (genitive form)
-*ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ = Illustrious
+*{{lang|grc|ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΟΣ}} = [[Autokratōr]], absolute ruler (genitive form)
-*ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ = Friend of the [[Greeks]]
+*{{lang|grc|ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ}} = [[Dikaios]], the Just (genitive form)
+*{{lang|grc|ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ}} = ''[[wikt:Epiphanes|Epiphanes]]'', the Illustrious (genitive form)
-==See also==
+*{{lang|grc|ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ}} = [[Philopator (disambiguation)|Philopator]], father-loving (genitive form)
-*[[Parthian Empire]]
+*{{lang|grc|ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ}} = [[Philhellenism|Philhellene]], the Friend of the [[Greeks]] (genitive form)
-*[[Arsaces I of Parthia]]
-*[[Artabanus I]]
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{Hellenistic coinage}}
 [[Category:Parthian Empire]]
+[[Category:Greek inscriptions]]
+[[Category:Parthian coinage]]
 {{AncientGreece-stub}}
+{{Iran-stub}}

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