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{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{expand language|topic=|langcode=ml|otherarticle=പുള്ളിശരവേഗൻ|date=March 2018}}
{{Speciesbox
{{italic title}}
⚫
| name = Southern spotted ace
{{Unreferenced|type=animal|date=December 2009}}
| image = Thoressa astigmata by V K Chandrasekharan.jpg
{{Taxobox
⚫
| taxon = Thoressa astigmata
⚫
|name = Southern spotted ace
|image = Thoressa astigmata Swinhoe, 1890 – Unbranded Ace at Virajpet (2).jpg
| authority = ([[Charles Swinhoe|C. Swinhoe]], 1890)
|image_width = 240px
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
|classis = [[Insect]]a
|ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
|familia = [[Hesperiidae]]
|genus = ''[[Thoressa]]''
|species = '''''T. astigmata'''''
⚫
|binomial = ''Thoressa astigmata''
|binomial_authority = ([[Charles Swinhoe|Swinhoe]], 1890)
}}
}}


'''''Thoressa astigmata''''', the '''southern spotted ace''',<ref name=Smetacek/> is a [[butterfly]] belonging to the family [[Hesperiidae]]. The species was [[Species description|first described]] by [[Charles Swinhoe]] in 1890.<ref name="Savela Thoressa">{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |date=11 February 2019 |url=https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/hesperiinae/thoressa/#astigmata |title=''Thoressa astigmata'' (Swinhoe, 1890) |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=Smetacek>{{cite book|last1=Varshney|first1=R.|last2=Smetacek|first2=P. |title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing|location=New Delhi|page=43|edition=2015}}</ref> It is endemic to the [[Western Ghats]] of India and is found in the states of [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=Evans>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187283#page/277/mode/1up |title=A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum |last=Evans |first=W. H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |publisher=British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology|year=1949|location=London|pages=253}}</ref><ref name=SwinhoeIndica>{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103495#page/298/mode/1up |title=Lepidoptera Indica: Volume X |last=Swinhoe|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Swinhoe|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1912–1913|location=London|pages=284}}}}</ref>
'''''Thoressa astigmata''''', the '''southern spotted ace''' or '''unbranded ace''', is a [[butterfly]] belonging to the family [[Skipper (butterfly)|Hesperiidae]].


==Description==
⚫
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7796204}}
{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}
{{Quote|Male. Upperside blackish-brown. Forewing with some dull ochreous hairs on the basal portion and seven semi-hyaline white spots; three small ones, subapical, in a curve, the uppermost spot very minute; two larger conjoined spots across the cell towards its end; two discal spots, one in each of the median interspaces, near their bases, the lower one usually double the size of the other and quadrate. Hindwing mostly covered with dull ochreous hairs, but without any markings. Cilia of forewing brown, becoming pale towards the anal angle of the hiudwing, whitish with grey marks opposite the vein ends. Underside as dark as it is on the upperside. Forewing with spots as above, and a very indistinct series of sub-marginal spots from the apex becoming quite obsolete hindwards. Hindwing with a rounded series of six or seven white dots in the upper disc and a double whitish mark above the anal angle. Antennae black spotted with white on the underside, the club white beneath, tip red, palpi, head and body blackish-brown, palpi beneath and pectus greyish, legs dull ferruginous.

Female like the male.|author=[[Charles Swinhoe]]|source=''[[Lepidoptera Indica]]: Volume X''.<ref name=SwinhoeIndica/>}}

==Life history==
The larva has been recorded on ''[[Ochlandra talbotii]]'' and ''[[Ochlandra travancorica]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=10 April 2018 |title=Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India|author1=Ravikanthachari Nitin|author2= V. C. Balakrishnan|author3= Paresh V. Churi|author4= S. Kalesh|author5= Satya Prakash|author6= Krushnamegh Kunte|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3104/4402|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=10 |issue=4|pages=11495–11550|via=JoTT|doi=10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery caption=>
File:ThoressaAstigmata 822 4 Knight.png|Illustration
File:Thoressa astigmata Swinhoe, 1890 – Unbranded Ace at Virajpet (5).jpg|Dorsal view
File:He southern spotted ace 26 August 2007 B (1359412251).jpg|Ventral view
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

⚫
{{Taxonbar |from=Q7796204}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Thoressa Astigmata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thoressa Astigmata}}
[[Category:Thoressa|astigmata]]
[[Category:Thoressa|astigmata]]
[[Category:Butterflies of India]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Swinhoe]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Swinhoe]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1890]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1890]]

Latest revision as of 06:52, 13 October 2021

Southern spotted ace
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Hesperiidae
Genus: Thoressa
Species:
T. astigmata
Binomial name
Thoressa astigmata
(C. Swinhoe, 1890)

Thoressa astigmata, the southern spotted ace,[1] is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. The species was first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1890.[2][1] It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and is found in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.[1][3][4]

Description

[edit]
For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.

Male. Upperside blackish-brown. Forewing with some dull ochreous hairs on the basal portion and seven semi-hyaline white spots; three small ones, subapical, in a curve, the uppermost spot very minute; two larger conjoined spots across the cell towards its end; two discal spots, one in each of the median interspaces, near their bases, the lower one usually double the size of the other and quadrate. Hindwing mostly covered with dull ochreous hairs, but without any markings. Cilia of forewing brown, becoming pale towards the anal angle of the hiudwing, whitish with grey marks opposite the vein ends. Underside as dark as it is on the upperside. Forewing with spots as above, and a very indistinct series of sub-marginal spots from the apex becoming quite obsolete hindwards. Hindwing with a rounded series of six or seven white dots in the upper disc and a double whitish mark above the anal angle. Antennae black spotted with white on the underside, the club white beneath, tip red, palpi, head and body blackish-brown, palpi beneath and pectus greyish, legs dull ferruginous. Female like the male.

— Charles Swinhoe, Lepidoptera Indica: Volume X.[4]

Life history

[edit]

The larva has been recorded on Ochlandra talbotii and Ochlandra travancorica.[5]

[edit]
  • Illustration
    Illustration
  • Dorsal view
    Dorsal view
  • Ventral view
    Ventral view

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Varshney, R.; Smetacek, P. A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India (2015 ed.). New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing. p. 43.
  2. ^ Savela, Markku (11 February 2019). "Thoressa astigmata (Swinhoe, 1890)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  3. ^ Evans, W. H. (1949). A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. p. 253.
  4. ^ a b Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1912–1913). Lepidoptera Indica: Volume X. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. p. 284.
  5. ^ Ravikanthachari Nitin; V. C. Balakrishnan; Paresh V. Churi; S. Kalesh; Satya Prakash; Krushnamegh Kunte (10 April 2018). "Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10 (4): 11495–11550. doi:10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550 – via JoTT.


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