Giant peccary: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT[[Collared peccary#The %22giant peccary%22]] |
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{{Short description|A species of mammals belonging to the peccary family of even-toed ungulates}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Giant peccary |
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| classification_status = disputed |
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| genus = Pecari |
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| species = maximus |
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| authority = [[Marc van Roosmalen|Roosmalen]] ''et al.'', 2007 |
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}} |
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The '''giant peccary''' (''Pecari maximus'') was a purported fourth species of [[peccary]], first reported to have been seen in [[Brazil]] in 2000 by Dutch naturalist [[Marc van Roosmalen]]. In 2003 German [[natural history]] filmmaker Lothar Frenz and he filmed a group and gathered material which later served as the [[Biological type|type]]. Though recently reported, it had been known to locals as ''[[:pt:Caititu|caitetú]]-mundè'', which Roosmalen ''et al''. state the locals claimed was [[Old Tupi|Tupí]] and meant "the collared peccary that is bigger and goes in pairs", as opposed to ''caitetú-de-bando'', which they claim means "the collared peccary that goes in herds". It was formally described in 2007,<ref name=description>Roosmalen, M.G.M.; Frenz, L.; Hooft, W.F. van; Iongh, H.H. de; Leirs, H. 2007. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40111102 ''A New Species of Living Peccary (Mammalia: Tayassuidae) from the Brazilian Amazon.''] Bonner zoologische Beiträge 55(2): 105–112.</ref> but the scientific evidence for its species status has later been questioned,<ref>[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/roosmalen-200802.html ''Trials of a Primatologist.''] – smithsonianmag.com. Accessed March 15, 2008</ref><ref name=Gongora2007>Gongora, J., Taber, A., Keuroghlian, A., Altrichter, M., Bodmer, R.E., Mayor, P., Moran, C., Damayanti, C.S., González S. (2007). ''[http://data.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/pphsg/Suiform%20soundings/Newsletter%207%282%29.pdf Re-examining the evidence for a ‘new’ peccary species, ‘Pecari maximus’, from the Brazilian Amazon].'' Newsletter of the Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos Specialist Group of the IUCN/SSC. 7(2): 19–26.</ref> which also was one of the reasons for its initial evaluation as [[data deficient]] by [[IUCN]] in 2008. Following a review in 2011,<ref name=Gongora2011>Gongora, J., Biondo, C., Cooper, J.D., Taber, A., Keuroghlian, A., Altrichter, M., Ferreira do Nascimento, F., Chong, A.Y., Miyaki, C.Y., Bodmer, R., Mayor, P. and González, S. (2011). ''[http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_60_1/095_101_BzB60_1_Gongora_%20Jaime_et_al.pdf Revisiting the species status of Pecari maximus van Roosmalen et al., 2007 (Mammalia) from the Brazilian Amazon].'' Bonn Zoological Bulletin 60(1): 95-101.</ref> the [[IUCN]] moved the giant peccary into [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]] with the [[collared peccary]] (''P. tajacu'').<ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn | author = Gongora, J. | author2 = Reyna-Hurtado, R. | author3 = Beck, H. | author4 = Taber, A. | author5 = Altrichter, M. | author6 = Keuroghlian, A. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Pecari tajacu'' | volume = 2011 | page = e.T41777A10562361 | date = 2011 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T41777A10562361.en }}</ref> |
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==Distribution== |
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The reported range of the giant peccary encompass the south-central [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]] between the [[Madeira River|Madeira]] and the [[Tapajós River]]s and northern [[Bolivia]].<ref>Moravec, J., & Böhme, W. (2009). ''[http://alt.zfmk.de/BZB/BzB_56_1_07_Moravec.pdf Second Find of the Recently Discovered Amazonian Giant Peccary, ''Pecari maximus'' (Mammalia: Tayassuidae) van Roosmalen et al., 2007: First Record from Bolivia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030515/http://alt.zfmk.de/BZB/BzB_56_1_07_Moravec.pdf |date=2014-11-29 }}.'' Bonner zoologische Beiträge 56(1-2): 49-54.</ref> It is restricted to ''terra firme'' forest, which is forest which does not flood annually. Unlike other peccaries in its range, the giant peccary was reported to mainly occur in pairs or small family groups.<ref name=description/> |
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==Appearance and taxonomy== |
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According to its original description, the giant peccary is larger, longer-legged, and proportionally smaller-headed than the only other member of the genus, the collared peccary.<ref name=description/> Compared to most individuals of the [[sympatric]] populations of the collared peccary, the giant peccary also had thinner fur that is grizzled in brown and white, blacker legs, and a relatively faint collar. Five skins of the giant peccary had a total length of {{convert|120|–|137|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}, while local hunters have estimated a weight of {{convert|40|–|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Based on a [[mtDNA]] study, the collared and the giant peccaries were estimated to have diverged 1.0–1.2 million years ago,<ref name=description/> but these results were later questioned due to the small [[sample size]], low [[Bootstrapping (statistics)|bootstrap]] support, and the absence of [[nDNA]] and [[cytogenetic]] results.<ref name=Gongora2007/><ref name=iucn/> |
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In 2011, a review noted that the measurements provided in the initial description were within those generally recognized for the collared peccary, and the behaviors supposedly unique to the giant peccary are also known from the collared peccary.<ref name=Gongora2011/> They also provided new genetic evidence showing that collared peccaries from South America form a [[monophyletic]] [[clade]] that includes the giant peccary (without it the clade is [[paraphyletic]]). The major genetic split within the collared peccary is between a clade comprising North and Central American specimens, and a clade comprising South American specimens (the presumed contact zone is in [[Colombia]], which has both clades).<ref name=Gongora2011/> Furthermore, extensive [[infraspecific]] variations (both individual and locality-based) are known in the [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] of the collared peccary.<ref name=Gongora2007/><ref name=iucn/> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Wikispecies|Pecari maximus}} |
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*[http://www.livescience.com/1997-big-pig-beast-discovered.html "Big Pig-Like Beast Discovered"] from [[LiveScience]]. |
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*[http://www.geo.de/GEO/wissenschaft_natur/tiere/2004_06_GEO_riesenpekari/index.html?linkref=geode_pager Forscher entdecken neuen Großsäuger], GEO magazine (in German) |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014004036/http://www.marcvanroosmalen.org/giantpeccary.htm Info on the recently discovered Giant Peccary] |
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{{Artiodactyla|S.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1069405}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1069405}} |
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[[Category:Peccaries]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Bolivia|Peccary, giant]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Brazil|Peccary, giant]] |
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[[Category:Fauna of the Amazon|Peccary, giant]] |
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[[Category:Mammals described in 2007]] |
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[[Category:Controversial mammal taxa]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:43, 13 October 2021
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