Giant peccary: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT[[Collared peccary#The %22giant peccary%22]] |
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{{taxobox |
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| name = Giant peccary |
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| status = NR |
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| status_system = iucn3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name=iucn/> |
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| classification_status = disputed |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Mammal]]ia |
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| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]] |
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| familia = [[Tayassuidae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Pecari]]'' |
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| species = '''''P. maximus''''' |
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| binomial = ''Pecari maximus'' |
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| binomial_authority = [[Marc van Roosmalen|Roosmalen]] ''et al.'', 2007 |
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}} |
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The '''giant peccary''' (''Pecari maximus'') is a possible fourth species of [[peccary]], discovered in [[Brazil]] in 2000 by Dutch naturalist [[Marc van Roosmalen]]. In 2003, he and German [[natural history]] filmmaker [[Lothar Frenz]] succeeded in filming a group and gathering material, which later would serve as the [[Biological type|type]]. Though recently reported, it has been known to locals as ''caitetu munde'', which means "great peccary which lives in pairs". It was formally described in 2007,<ref name=description>Roosmalen, M.G.M.; Frenz, L.; Hooft, W.F. van; Iongh, H.H. de; Leirs, H. 2007. ''A New Species of Living Peccary (Mammalia: Tayassuidae) from the Brazilian Amazon.'' Bonner zoologische Beitrage 55(2): 105–112.</ref> but the scientific evidence for its species status has later been questioned,<ref>[http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/roosmalen-200802.html ''Trials of a Primatologist.''] – smithsonianmag.com. Accessed March 15, 2008</ref><ref name=Gongora2007>Gongora, J., Taber, A., Keuroghlian, A., Altrichter, M., Bodmer, R.E., Mayor, P., Moran, C., Damayanti, C.S., González S. (2007). ''[http://data.iucn.org/themes/ssc/sgs/pphsg/Suiform%20soundings/Newsletter%207%282%29.pdf Re-examining the evidence for a ‘new’ peccary species, ‘Pecari maximus’, from the Brazilian Amazon].'' Newsletter of the Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos Specialist Group of the IUCN/SSC. 7(2): 19–26.</ref> which also was one of the reasons for its initial evaluation as [[data deficient]] by [[IUCN]] in 2008. Following a review in 2011,<ref name=Gongora2011>Gongora, J., Biondo, C., Cooper, J.D., Taber, A., Keuroghlian, A., Altrichter, M., Ferreira do Nascimento, F., Chong, A.Y., Miyaki, C.Y., Bodmer, R., Mayor, P. and González, S. (2011). ''[http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de/BzB_Volumes/Volume_60_1/095_101_BzB60_1_Gongora_%20Jaime_et_al.pdf Revisiting the species status of Pecari maximus van Roosmalen et al., 2007 (Mammalia) from the Brazilian Amazon].'' Bonn Zoological Bulletin 60(1): 95-101.</ref> the IUCN moved the giant peccary into [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymy]] of the [[collared peccary]] (''P. tajacu'').<ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2014.3|assessors=Gongora, J., Reyna-Hurtado, R., Beck, H., Taber, A., Altrichter, M. & Keuroghlian, A.|year=2011|id=41777|title=Pecari tajacu|downloaded=24 April 2015}}</ref> |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1069405}} |
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==Distribution== |
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The reported range of the giant peccary encompass the south-central [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]] between the [[Madeira River|Madeira]] and the [[Tapajós River]] and north [[Bolivia]],<ref>Moravec, J., & Böhme, W. (2009). ''[http://alt.zfmk.de/BZB/BzB_56_1_07_Moravec.pdf Second Find of the Recently Discovered Amazonian Giant Peccary, Pecari maximus (Mammalia: Tayassuidae) van Roosmalen et al., 2007: First Record from Bolivia].'' Bonner zoologische Beiträge 56(1-2): 49-54.</ref> reaching the east side of the [[Madidi National Park]].{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} It is restricted to Terra Firme forest. Unlike other peccaries in its range, the giant peccary was reported to mainly occur in pairs or small family groups.<ref name=description/> |
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==Appearance and taxonomy== |
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According to its original description, the giant peccary is larger, longer-legged, and proportionally smaller-headed than the only other member of the genus, the collared peccary.<ref name=description/> Compared to the [[sympatric]] populations of the collared peccary, the giant peccary also has thinner fur that is grizzled in brown and white, blacker legs, and a relatively faint collar. Five skins of the giant peccary had a total length of {{convert|120|–|137|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}}, while local hunters have estimated a weight of {{convert|40|–|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Based on [[mtDNA]], the collared and the giant peccaries are estimated to have diverged 1.0–1.2 million years ago,<ref name=description/> but these results have been considered questionable due to the low [[Bootstrapping (statistics)|bootstrap]] support, small [[sample size]], and the absence of [[nDNA]] and [[cytogenetic]] results.<ref name=iucn/><ref name=Gongora2007/> In 2011, a review noted that the measurements provided in the initial description were within those generally recognized for the collared peccary, and the behaviors supposedly unique to the giant peccary are also known from the collared peccary.<ref name=Gongora2011/> They also provided new genetic evidence showing that collared peccaries from South America form a [[monophyletic]] [[clade]] that includes the giant peccary (without it the clade is [[paraphyletic]]). The major genetic split within the collared peccary is between a clade comprising North and Central American specimens, and a clade comprising South American specimens (the presumed contact zone is in [[Colombia]], which has both clades).<ref name=Gongora2011/> Furthermore, extensive [[intraspecific]] variations (both individual and locality-based) are known in the [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] of the collared peccary.<ref name=iucn/><ref name=Gongora2007/> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{wikispecies|Pecari maximus}} |
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*[http://www.livescience.com/1997-big-pig-beast-discovered.html "Big Pig-Like Beast Discovered"] from [[LiveScience]]. |
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*[http://www.geo.de/GEO/wissenschaft_natur/tiere/2004_06_GEO_riesenpekari/index.html?linkref=geode_pager Forscher entdecken neuen Großsäuger], GEO magazine (in German) |
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*[http://www.marcvanroosmalen.org/giantpeccary.htm Info on the recently discovered Giant Peccary] |
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{{Artiodactyla|S.}} |
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[[Category:Peccaries]] |
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[[Category:Animals described in 2007]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of South America]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Megafauna of South America]] |
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[[Category:Controversial taxa]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:43, 13 October 2021
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