User:Mkhurley19

About Me

My name is Mikayla and I'm currently an undergraduate student at Rice University pursuing a degree in psychology with a human rights focus. My interests include social injustice, racial equity, human rights, and the well being of children. Through enrollment in the fall 2019 and spring 2020 PJHC course, I was able to successfully expand the Child marriage in the United States and Juvenile delinquency articles. In the fall of 2020, I contributed to the 2020 PJHC BLM edit-a-thon. Currently, I am contributing to the 2021 BLM and AAPI Ally Edit-A-Thon. I am excited to continue to make information accessible through Wikipedia and learn about the root issues beneath today's social problems.

This user is a member of WikiProject Women.

This user is a member of
WikiProject Human rights

This user is a member of
WikiProject Psychology.

This user is a member of
WikiProject Black Lives Matter.

Spring 2020 Project

In the spring of 2020, I revised the "Juvenile Delinquency" article. Here is a summary of my ideas for the article. I believe this subject requires more attention and the article themselves could use more organization, discussion on the delinquency center, and discussion on various contributing factors such as the School to Prison Pipeline. Overall, I want to make this article easier to read as well as more cohesive. In it's current state is seems very pieced together so I intend to reorganize and add information that will make it a better structured article. I will also spend time examining the causes of delinquency specifically in the realm of educational punishment. I am proposing the following revisions.

Juvenile Delinquency

- Add information in school to prison pipeline and the educational impacts

- Reorganize the article for a clearer line of thought

- Add information on delinquency centers and link this article to other relevant ones.

Suggested Outline:

Lead to be clarified, supported by more evidence, and restructured to reflect the updated article.

1        TypesOverview

2. Theories

2.1     Rational choice

2.2     Social disorganization

2.3     Strain

2.4     Differential association

2.5     Labeling

2.6     Social control

3. Personality Factors

3.1 Gender

3.2 Neurological

3.3 Psychological

4. Situational Factors

4.1 Family Environment

4.2 Peer Influence

4.3 School to Prison Pipeline

2        Risk factors

2.1     Individual risk factors

2.2     Gender

2.3     Family environment and peer influence

3        Applicable crime theories

3.1     Rational choice

3.2     Social disorganization

3.3     Strain

3.4     Differential association

3.5     Labeling

3.6     Social control

4        Mental/conduct disorders

5        Prevention

5.1 Punishment

5.2 Policies

6        Critique of risk factor research

7        Juvenile sex crimes

7.1     Prevalence data

7.2     Official record data

7.3     Males who commit sexual crimes

7.4     Juvenile sex crimes internationally

8        See also

9        References

10      Further reading

11      External links

Description of Work:

1.    Lead

This section will be restructured to reflect the new layout of the article. Information that is currently unsupported such as “In recent years a higher proportion of youth have experienced arrests…” will be researched and then addressed according to the findings of that investigation. Overall, the lead will be molded after the structure of the article and give a brief overview of the topics addressed. Additional sources that will be added to the lead will most likely be similar to ones discussed in other sections.

2.    Overview

Currently, there is not a cohesive explanation or framework for this article’s introduction of juvenile delinquency. I intend to take information from the “Types” and add statistics to reflect the current state of juvenile delinquency rates. This section will give a broad scope of the article and prepare the reader to delve into the specific causes and measures implemented to address this issue.

-         Agnew, Robert. “Juvenile Delinquency: Causes and Control.” (2000).DOI: 10.2307/3211431 https://www.jstor.org/stable/3211431

-         Kvaraceus, William Clement. Juvenile Delinquency. [1st ed.]. Washington: Dept. of Classroom Teachers, American Educational Research Association, of the National Education Association, 1958. Print.

-         Lucas, G.N. (2018). Juvenile Delinquency. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 47.3: 191–192. Web.

-         Shoemaker, Donald J. (2009) Juvenile Delinquency / Donald J. Shoemaker. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,. Print.

-         Snyder, H. & Sickmund, M. (2006). "Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report". OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book: 93–96.

3.    Situational Factors

This section will comprise of most of my work and have three subsections, Family Environment, Peer Influence, and School to Prison Pipeline. I will reorganize and update the current information from “Risk Factors” section. Currently the effect of family environment and peer influence are discussed together in a dense block of text. Separating them into two independent sections creates two distinct conversations on the situational factors surrounding juvenile delinquency. Additionally, I will create a new subsection focusing on the school to prison pipeline. The purpose of this section is to show how great an impact environment has on these minors’ decisions.

-         Fowler, Deborah. “Texas’ School-to-Prison Pipeline: School Expulsion, The Path from Lockout to Dropout” (2010) Texas Appleseed http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/Texas-School-Prison-Pipeline-School-Expulsion_Texas-Appleseed_Apr2010.pdf

-         Lawrence, Richard. (2007) “Special Theme Issue: School Crime and Juvenile Justice.” Criminal Justice Review 32.4: 337–338. Web.

-         Heitzeg, N. (2016). The school-to-prison pipeline: education, discipline, and racialized double standards / Nancy A. Heitzeg. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC.

-         Schepers, D. (2017). Causes of the causes of juvenile delinquency: Social disadvantages in the context of situational action theory. European Journal of Criminology, 14(2), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370816649622

4.    Prevention      

An evaluation of a social issue could not stand without a discussion of the current methods of addressing said problem. In the article currently, there is a high-level acknowledgement of prevention measures but it is not comprehensive enough for the importance of the article. I intend to create two subsections entitled “Punishment” and “Policies”. The “Punishment” subsection will focus on methods such as detention centers and legal repercussions as a punitive approach to the issue while the “Policies” section will discuss measures such as restorative justice, counseling, and educational support to address this trend.

-         Howell, James C.  (2009) Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency a Comprehensive Framework / James C. Howell. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif. ;: SAGE

-         Rosenbaum, Janet. (2018) “Educational and Criminal Justice Outcomes 12 Years After School Suspension”. Youth & Society. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0044118x17752208

-         Young, Susan et al. (2017) “Juvenile delinquency, welfare, justice and therapeutic interventions: a global perspective.” BJPsych bulletin vol. 41,1: 21-29. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.115.052274

-         Fronius, Trevor, Hannah Persson, Sarah Guckenburg, Nancy Hurley, Anthony Petrosino (2016) “Restorative Justice in U.S. Schools: A Research Review” WestEd Justice & Prevention Research Center https://jprc.wested.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/RJ_Literature-Review_20160217.pdf

-         Austin, James; Kelly Dedel Johnson; Ronald Weitzer (2005). "Alternatives to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders". OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin (5): 1.

-         Bahena, S. (2012). Disrupting the school-to-prison pipeline. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Educational Review.

Past Projects

During the fall of 2019, I revised the “Child Marriage in the US” article on Wikipedia. I chose this topic because it is closely related to the legal career path I’m pursuing. As one interested in child advocacy law, I think it is important for the public to know more about the prevalence and history of issues such as child abuse and specifically child marriages. I have observed and experienced a vast ignorance on cases specifically in the US and I believe that the first step in addressing those abuses is through awareness and knowledge. I revised this page to be more accessible for the general public by reorganizing and simplifying the existing information as well as expanding the content concerning causes for child marriages and the effects that it may have on those affected. For information on my edits, feel free to visit my sandbox.