Diesel particulate matter: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Diesel exhaust#Concerns regarding particulates]] |
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{{POV-check|date=December 2007}} |
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'''Diesel particulate matter''' (DPM), sometimes also called '''diesel exhaust particles''' (DEP), is the [[particulate]] component of [[diesel exhaust]] from older diesel cars, which includes diesel [[soot]] and [[aerosols]] such as ash particulates, metallic abrasion particles, [[sulfates]], and [[silicates]]. When released into the [[atmosphere]], DPM can take the form of individual particles or chain aggregates, with most in the invisible sub-micrometre range of 100 [[nanometer]]s, also known as [[ultrafine particles]] (UFP) or PM0.1. |
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== Health risks == |
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[[Image:Particles in alveolus.png|thumb|right|250px|Particulate matter collapsing and/or passing through [[alveoli]], leading to [[cancer]], [[Alzheimers]], [[atherosclerosis]], and permanent declines in lung capacity]] |
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The main [[particulate]] fraction of [[diesel exhaust]] consists of small particles. Because of their small size, inhaled particles may easily penetrate deep into the lungs. The rough surfaces of these particles makes it easy for them to bind with other [[toxin]]s in the [[Natural environment|environment]], thus increasing the hazards of particle inhalation. Exposures have been linked with acute short-term symptoms such as [[headache]], [[dizziness]], [[light-headedness]], [[nausea]], [[coughing]], [[dyspnoea|difficult or labored breathing]], tightness of chest, and irritation of the eyes and nose and throat. Long-term exposures can lead to chronic, more serious health problems such as [[cardiovascular disease]], cardiopulmonary disease, and [[lung cancer]]. |
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Exposure to [[diesel exhaust]] and DPM is a known occupational hazard to [[truckers]], [[railroad]] workers, and [[miners]] using diesel-powered equipment in underground mines. Adverse health effects have also been observed in the general population at ambient atmospheric particle concentrations well below the concentrations in occupational settings. |
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Recently, concerns have been raised in the [[U.S.]] regarding children's exposure to DPM as they ride diesel-powered [[schoolbus]]es to and from school. The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) has established the Clean School Bus USA initiative in an effort to unite private and public organizations in curbing student exposures. |
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== Regulation == |
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Although the American [[Mine Safety and Health Administration]] issued a health standard in January 2001 designed to reduce exposure in underground metal and nonmetal mines, on September 7, 2005, [[MSHA]] published a notice in the [[Federal Register]] proposing to postpone the effective date from January 2006 until January 2011. |
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== References == |
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*Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure of Underground Metal and Nonmetal Miners: Final Rule, January 19, 2001. Federal Register 66(13):5706. |
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*Monforton C. [http://www.defendingscience.org/case_studies/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=2631/ Weight of the Evidence or Wait for the Evidence? Protecting Underground Miners from Diesel Particulate Matter] ''American Journal of Public Health'', 2006;96(2):271-276. |
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*Steenland K, Silverman DT, Hornung DW. "Case control study of lung cancer and truck driving in the Teamsters union." ''American Journal of Public Health'' 1990; 80:670-674. |
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*Steenland, K, Silverman DT, Zaebst D. "Exposure to diesel exhaust in the trucking industry and possible relationships with lung cancer." ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine'' 1992; 21:887-890. |
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*Bruske-Holhfield I, Mohner M, Ahrens W, et al. "Lung cancer risk in male workers occupationally exposed to diesel motor emissions in Germany." ''American Journal of Industrial Medicine'' 1999; 36:405-414. |
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== See also == |
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* [[Diesel particulate filter]] |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.dieselretrofit.eu Diesel Retrofit in Europe]. |
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*[http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/topics/topicpage2.htm NIOSH Mining Safety and Health Topic: Diesel Exhaust] |
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*[http://www.defendingscience.org/case_studies/Diesel-Particulate-Case-Study.cfm Diesel Particulate Matter], a case study at ''www.defendingscience.org'' |
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*[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/schoolbus/ Clean School Bus USA], EPA Initiative |
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*[http://www.defendingscience.org/case_studies/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=2631/ Weight of the Evidence or Wait for the Evidence? Protecting Underground Miners from Diesel Particulate Matter] Article by Celeste Monforton. ''American Journal of Public Health'', February 2006. |
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*[http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/dieselexhaust/ U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Safety and Health Topics: Diesel Exhaust] |
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[[Category:Petroleum products]] |
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[[Category:Air pollution| ]] |
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[[de:Dieselruß]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:37, 14 December 2021
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