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Exotic probability is a branch of probability theory that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of [0, 1].

According to the author of various papers on exotic probability, Saul Youssef, the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the real numbers, the complex numbers and the quaternions.^[1] Youssef also cites the work of Richard Feynman, P. A. M. Dirac, Stanley Gudder and S. K. Srinivasan as relevant to exotic probability theories.

Of the application of such theories to quantum mechanics, Bill Jefferys has said: "Such approaches are also not necessary and in my opinion they confuse more than they illuminate."^[2]

References

^ Youssef, Saul (2001). "Physics with exotic probability theory". arXiv:hep-th/0110253.
^ Jefferys (2002) Newsgroup discussion on sci.physics.research accessed 1-Sept-2010

External links

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[1] Youssef, Saul (2001). "Physics with exotic probability theory". arXiv:hep-th/0110253.

[2] Jefferys (2002) Newsgroup discussion on sci.physics.research accessed 1-Sept-2010

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-'''Exotic probability''' is a branch of [[probability theory]] that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of [0, 1]. The most common author of papers on exotic probability theory is [[Saul Youssef]]. According to Youssef, the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the [[real number]]s, the [[complex number]]s and the [[quaternion]]s.
+'''Exotic probability''' is a branch of [[probability theory]] that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of [0, 1].
-Youssef also cites the work of [[Richard Feynman]], [[P. A. M. Dirac]], [[Stanley Gudder]] and [[S. K. Srinivasan]] as relevant to exotic probability theories.
+According to the author of various papers on exotic probability, [[Saul Youssef]], the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the [[real number]]s, the [[complex number]]s and the [[quaternion]]s.<ref>{{cite arXiv |arxiv=hep-th/0110253 |first=Saul |last=Youssef |title=Physics with exotic probability theory |date=2001 }}</ref> Youssef also cites the work of [[Richard Feynman]], [[P. A. M. Dirac]], [[Stanley Gudder]] and [[S. K. Srinivasan]] as relevant to exotic probability theories.
-Of the application of such theories to [[quantum mechanics]], [[Bill Jefferys]] has said: ”Such approaches are also not necessary and in my opinion they confuse more than they illuminate.” [http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2002-03/msg0040195.html]
+Of the application of such theories to [[quantum mechanics]], [[Bill Jefferys]] has said: "Such approaches are also not necessary and in my opinion they confuse more than they illuminate."<ref>Jefferys (2002)  [http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2002-03/msg0040195.html Newsgroup discussion on sci.physics.research] accessed 1-Sept-2010</ref>
-==External links==
+==See also==
+* [[Negative probability]]
+* [[Signed measure]]
+* [[Complex measure]]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+==External links==
 * http://physics.bu.edu/~youssef/quantum/quantum_refs.html
+* https://web.archive.org/web/20040327004613/http://fnalpubs.fnal.gov/library/colloq/colloqyoussef.html
-* [http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0110253 Physics with exotic probability theory] - paper by Youssef on [[arXiv]].
-* http://fnalpubs.fnal.gov/library/colloq/colloqyoussef.html
 * [http://flux.aps.org/meetings/YR97/BAPSAPR97/vpr/layn18-4.html Measuring Negative Probabilities, Demystifying Schroedinger's Cat and Exploring Other Quantum Peculiarities With Trapped Atoms]
-* [http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath309.htm MathPages - The Complex Domain of Probability]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126224737/http://mathpages.com/home/kmath309.htm MathPages - The Complex Domain of Probability]
-{{statistics-stub}}
 [[Category:Probability theory]]
+[[Category:Exotic probabilities| ]]
+{{probability-stub}}