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Cover of Bettina Aptheker's May 1968 pamphlet, *Columbia Inc.,* published in New York by the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America.

The W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was a national youth organization sponsored by the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and launched at a national convention held in San Francisco in June 1964. The organization was active in the American student movement of the 1960s and maintained a prominent presence on a number of college campuses including Columbia University in New York City and the University of California in Berkeley. The organization was dissolved by decision of the CPUSA in February 1970 and succeeded by a new organization known as the Young Workers Liberation League. They were named after socialist and racial and social activist W. E. B. Du Bois, co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Organizational history

Forerunners

The W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was a national mass organization conceived and sponsored by the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and directed at young people. It bears mentioning that the Du Bois Clubs were not the youth section of the CPUSA per se, but were rather designed as a separate party-sponsored and controlled organization which would help bring unaffiliated students and young workers into the CPUSA's orbit through their participation in a broader and less orthodox organization.

The direct forerunner of the Du Bois Clubs was the Progressive Youth Organizing Committee (PYOC), established in April 1959, and Advance, the New York City-based youth organization which the PYOC had sprung.^[1] Under the aegis of the PYOC, in 1961 a small group of radicals in San Francisco established themselves as the "W.E.B. Du Bois Club."^[2] This small group proved the inspiration for sister Du Bois Clubs across the bay in Berkeley and at San Francisco State College.^[2] The next year, a campus chapter was organized at UCLA in Los Angeles.^[2]

In June 1963, the PYOC conducted a training school for young activists in New York City. Two separate courses were held, one for individuals which had never attended party training sessions before and another for those who had previously participated in similar programs.^[3]

By the fall of 1963, the Communist Party had clearly decided to proceed with the formation of a new mass organization of youth, with national secretary Gus Hall announcing in October the intention of the party to create "a Marxist-oriented youth organization to attract non-Communists as the first step toward their eventual recruitment into the party."^[4] While the precise form of this new organization was as yet undetermined, this group would ultimately emerge as the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America. A publication was launched in preparation for the new organization, a newsletter called The Convener, edited by Carl Bloice.^[5]

Formation

Prior to the formal establishment of a national organization known as the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America, a Conference of Socialist Youth was held in San Francisco over the weekend of March 21–22, 1964. This gathering was sponsored by the four California Du Bois Clubs (San Francisco, USF, Berkeley, and Los Angeles) and by a Marxist group called the Youth Action Union.^[6] This gathering included a number of workshops on such topics as Automation and the Labor Movement, Civil Rights, Peace and Disarmament, and The Ultra Right.^[6] A standing proposal for a "National Youth Organization" (abbreviated as "NYO" in conference documents) was alluded to, and the gathering seems to have formally urged that "the NYO take the form of National Du Bois Clubs."^[7]

A final determination was apparently made by the CPUSA in April or May 1964 to make the California Du Bois Clubs the model for the new national organization. A founding convention was called for June 19–21, 1964 for Chicago, but this location was quickly shifted to San Francisco, the place from whence the pioneer California groups had sprung.^[5]

The June 1964 founding convention of the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was attended by about 200 delegates, including such leading communist activists as Bettina Aptheker, Carl Bloice, Mickey Lima, and People's World editor Al Richmond.^[8] The gathering was called to order by Marvin Treiger and quickly divided itself into work groups on Organization, Civil Rights, Puerto Rico, Black issues, Farm Worker issues, Unemployment, Peace, Education and Culture, Political Action, Vietnam, and Socialist Youth Unity.^[9]

Acrimony erupted during the discussion of the group's constitution, specifically over a proposal that no person would be eligible for membership in the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America who was a member of another socialist organization.^[10] This section, specifically aimed to exclude members of the Trotskyist Young Socialist Alliance and the neo-Stalinist Progressive Labor Party, inflamed members of those groups.^[10] One member of the National Committee of another organization loudly declared that the invitation to establish a broad youth organization at the San Francisco convention had been a hoax, and a series of walkouts commenced which removed about one-third of the delegates from the gathering.^[10]

The remaining delegates to the convention, about 139 in all,^[10] elected Phil Davis, a former field secretary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee as President and Eugene Dennis, Jr. as editor of the organization's publication, The Convener, which was renamed The Insurgent early in 1965.^[11]

Development

In 1966 the headquarters of the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was moved from San Francisco to Chicago.^[12] It was there that the 1966 convention of the organization was held, with speakers including Donna Allen of Women Strike for Peace, communist historian Herbert Aptheker, and radical attorney William Kunstler.^[12]

On August 27–28, 1966, the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America hosted a national conference in Washington, D.C. under the slogan "for jobs, peace, and freedom." Over 125 people participated in the event, which included a mass meeting at the National Sylvan Theater and a protest demonstration by nearly 200 people against poverty and the war in Vietnam at the gates of the White House.^[13]

The Du Bois Clubs were active in demonstrations against military conscription and the free speech movement throughout the latter half of the 1960s, high profile activity which led the federal government to take action against the organization. In March 1966 U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach petitioned the Subversive Activities Control Board to issue an order to the Du Bois Clubs ordering them to register with federal authorities as a so-called "communist front."^[14] This action led to a 1967 attempt at a legal challenge of the constitutionality of the Subversive Activities Control Board, a case which was lost in the United States Court of Appeals.^[12] The Du Bois Clubs tried again in 1968, without success, to enjoin the government from forcing it to register as a "Communist front."^[12]

Dissolution and legacy

As the 1960s came to a close, the Du Bois Clubs were rendered virtually obsolete by various radical youth organizations of the so-called "New Left," including in particular the Students for a Democratic Society. Membership in the Du Bois Clubs plummeted to less than 100, prompting the Communist Party to rethink its commitment to a formally non-party mass organization of youth.^[15] However according to COINTELPRO papers, the Counter Intelligence Program claims to have been instrumental in the disbanding of the Du Bois Clubs.^[16]

In March 1969, the CPUSA sponsored a West Coast Youth Conference which attempted to restructure the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America into a formal Young Communist adjunct of the adult party.^[15] This transformed organization originally intended to retain the "Du Bois Club" moniker, but in February 1970, the CPUSA decided to dissolve the Du Bois organization altogether in favor of an entirely new group.^[15]

This new organization was known variously as the Young Workers Liberation League or the Young Communist Liberation League, with state affiliates of the new organization adopting either name as local conditions warranted.^[15] Jarvis Tyner, the last national chairman of the Du Bois Clubs and a member of the National Committee of the adult CPUSA, was selected as the first national chairman of the new organization.^[15]

Footnotes

^ Francis X. Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2. Boston: Western Islands, 1971; pg. 181.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pg. 182.
^ California State Senate, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities. Sacramento: Senate of the State of California, 1965; pg. 37.
^ Quoted in Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pg.182.
^ ^a ^b California State Senate, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, pg. 47.
^ ^a ^b California State Senate, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, pg. 42.
^ Quoted in California State Senate, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, pg. 43.
^ Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pp. 182-183.
^ California State Senate, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, pg. 49.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d California State Senate, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, pg. 51.
^ Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pp. 183-184.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pg. 187.
^ Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pg. 188.
^ Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pg. 186.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2, pg. 189.
^ "COINTELPRO White Hate Groups Part 01 of 14". FBI (Page 78). Retrieved 2019-03-19.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|American national youth organization}}
-[[File:Aptheker-columbiainc.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Cover of Bettina Aptheker's May 1968 pamphlet, ''Columbia Inc.,'' published in New York by the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America.]]
+[[File:Aptheker-columbiainc.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Cover of Bettina Aptheker's May 1968 pamphlet, ''Columbia Inc.,'' published in New York by the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America.]]
-The '''W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America''' was a national youth organization sponsored by the [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) and launched at a national convention held in [[San Francisco]] in June 1964. The organization was active in the American [[student movement]] of the 1960s and maintained a prominent presence on a number of college campuses including [[Columbia University]] in [[New York City]] and the [[University of California]] in [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. The organization was dissolved by decision of the CPUSA in February 1970 and succeeded by a new organization known as the [[Young Workers Liberation League]].
+The '''W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America''' was a national youth organization sponsored by the [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) and launched at a national convention held in [[San Francisco]] in June 1964. The organization was active in the American [[student movement]] of the 1960s and maintained a prominent presence on a number of college campuses including [[Columbia University]] in [[New York City]] and the [[University of California]] in [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. The organization was dissolved by decision of the CPUSA in February 1970 and succeeded by a new organization known as the [[Young Workers Liberation League]]. They were named after socialist and racial and social activist [[W. E. B. Du Bois]], co-founder of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]].
 ==Organizational history==
 ===Forerunners===
-The [[W.E.B. DuBois]] Clubs of America was a national [[mass organization]] conceived and sponsored by the [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) and directed at young people. It bears mentioning that the DuBois Clubs were not the youth section of the CPUSA per se, but were rather designed as a separate party-sponsored and controlled organization which would help bring unaffiliated students and young workers into the CPUSA's orbit through their participation in a broader and less orthodox organization.
+The W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was a national [[mass organization]] conceived and sponsored by the [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) and directed at young people. It bears mentioning that the Du Bois Clubs were not the youth section of the CPUSA per se, but were rather designed as a separate party-sponsored and controlled organization which would help bring unaffiliated students and young workers into the CPUSA's orbit through their participation in a broader and less orthodox organization.
-The direct forerunner of the DuBois Clubs was the [[Progressive Youth Organizing Committee]] (PYOC), established in April 1959, and [[Advance]], the New York City-based youth organization which the PYOC had sprung.<ref>Francis X. Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2.'' Boston: Western Islands, 1971; pg. 181.</ref> Under the aegis of the PYOC, in 1961 a small group of radicals in [[San Francisco]] established themselves as  the "W.E.B. DuBois Club."<ref name="Gannon182">Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 182.</ref> This small group proved the inspiration for sister DuBois Clubs across the bay in [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] and at [[San Francisco State College]].<ref name="Gannon182" /> The next year, a campus chapter was organized at [[UCLA]] in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="Gannon182" />
+The direct forerunner of the Du Bois Clubs was the [[Progressive Youth Organizing Committee]] (PYOC), established in April 1959, and [[Advance (youth organization)|Advance]], the New York City-based youth organization which the PYOC had sprung.<ref>Francis X. Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2.'' Boston: Western Islands, 1971; pg. 181.</ref> Under the aegis of the PYOC, in 1961 a small group of radicals in [[San Francisco]] established themselves as  the "W.E.B. Du Bois Club."<ref name="Gannon182">Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 182.</ref> This small group proved the inspiration for sister Du Bois Clubs across the bay in [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] and at [[San Francisco State College]].<ref name="Gannon182" /> The next year, a campus chapter was organized at [[UCLA]] in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="Gannon182" />
 In June 1963, the PYOC conducted a training school for young activists in New York City. Two separate courses were held, one for individuals which had never attended party training sessions before and another for those who had previously participated in similar programs.<ref name="Cali37">California State Senate, [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt4w1003q8&query=&brand=calisphere ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities.''] Sacramento: Senate of the State of California, 1965; pg. 37.</ref>
-By the fall of 1963, the Communist Party had clearly decided to proceed with the formation of a new mass organization of youth, with national secretary [[Gus Hall]] announcing in October the intention of the party to create "a Marxist-oriented youth organization to attract non-Communists as the first step toward their eventual recruitment into the party."<ref>Quoted in ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg.182.</ref> While the precise form of this new organization was as yet undetermined, this group would ultimately emerge as the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America.  A publication was launched in preparation for the new organization, a newsletter called ''The Convener,'' edited by [[Carl Bloice]].<ref name="Cali47">California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 47.</ref>
+By the fall of 1963, the Communist Party had clearly decided to proceed with the formation of a new mass organization of youth, with national secretary [[Gus Hall]] announcing in October the intention of the party to create "a Marxist-oriented youth organization to attract non-Communists as the first step toward their eventual recruitment into the party."<ref>Quoted in ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg.182.</ref> While the precise form of this new organization was as yet undetermined, this group would ultimately emerge as the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America.  A publication was launched in preparation for the new organization, a newsletter called ''The Convener,'' edited by [[Carl Bloice]].<ref name="Cali47">California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 47.</ref>
 ===Formation===
+Prior to the formal establishment of a national organization known as the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America, a Conference of Socialist Youth was held in San Francisco over the weekend of March 21–22, 1964. This gathering was sponsored by the four California Du Bois Clubs (San Francisco, USF, Berkeley, and Los Angeles) and by a [[Marxist]] group called the [[Youth Action Union]].<ref name="Cali42">California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 42.</ref> This gathering included a number of workshops on such topics as Automation and the Labor Movement, Civil Rights, Peace and Disarmament, and The Ultra Right.<ref name="Cali42" /> A standing proposal for a "National Youth Organization" (abbreviated as "NYO" in conference documents) was alluded to, and the gathering seems to have formally urged that "the NYO take the form of National Du Bois Clubs."<ref>Quoted in California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 43.</ref>
+A final determination was apparently made by the CPUSA in April or May 1964 to make the California Du Bois Clubs the model for the new national organization. A founding convention was called for June 19–21, 1964 for [[Chicago]], but this location was quickly shifted to San Francisco, the place from whence the pioneer California groups had sprung.<ref name="Cali47" />
-Prior to the formal establishment of a national organization known as the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America, a Conference of Socialist Youth was held in San Francisco over the weekend of March 21–22, 1964. This gathering was sponsored by the four California DuBois Clubs (San Francisco, USF, Berkeley, and Los Angeles) and by a [[Marxist]] group called the [[Youth Action Union]].<ref name="Cali42">California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 42.</ref> This gathering included a number of workshops on such topics as Automation and the Labor Movement, Civil Rights, Peace and Disarmament, and The Ultra Right.<ref name="Cali42" /> A standing proposal for a "National Youth Organization" (abbreviated as "NYO" in conference documents) was alluded to, and the gathering seems to have formally urged that "the NYO take the form of National DuBois Clubs." <ref>Quoted in California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 43.</ref>
+The June 1964 founding convention of the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was attended by about 200 delegates, including such leading communist activists as [[Bettina Aptheker]], Carl Bloice, Mickey Lima, and ''[[People's World]]'' editor [[Al Richmond]].<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pp. 182-183.</ref> The gathering was called to order by Marvin Treiger and quickly divided itself into work groups on Organization, Civil Rights, Puerto Rico, Black issues, Farm Worker issues, Unemployment, Peace, Education and Culture, Political Action, Vietnam, and Socialist Youth Unity.<ref>California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 49.</ref>
-A final determination was apparently made by the CPUSA in April or May 1964 to make the California DuBois Clubs the model for the new national organization. A founding convention was called for June 19–21, 1964 for [[Chicago]], but this location was quickly shifted to San Francisco, the place from whence the pioneer California groups had sprung.<ref name="Cali47" />
+Acrimony erupted during the discussion of the group's constitution, specifically over a proposal that no person would be eligible for membership in the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America who was a member of another socialist organization.<ref name="Cali51">California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 51.</ref> This section, specifically aimed to exclude members of the [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist]] [[Young Socialist Alliance]] and the neo-[[Stalinism|Stalinist]] [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]], inflamed members of those groups.<ref name="Cali51" /> One member of the National Committee of another organization loudly declared that the invitation to establish a broad youth organization at the San Francisco convention had been a hoax, and a series of walkouts commenced which removed about one-third of the delegates from the gathering.<ref name="Cali51" />
-The June 1964 founding convention of the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America was attended by about 200 delegates, including such leading communist activists as [[Bettina Aptheker]], Carl Bloice, Mickey Lima, and ''[[People's World]]'' editor [[Al Richmond]].<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pp. 182-183.</ref> The gathering was called to order by Marvin Treiger and quickly divided itself into work groups on Organization, Civil Rights, Puerto Rico, Black issues, Farm Worker issues, Unemployment, Peace, Education and Culture, Political Action, Vietnam, and Socialist Youth Unity.<ref>California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 49.</ref>
-Acrimony erupted during the discussion of the group's constitution, specifically over a proposal that no person would be eligible for membership in the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America who was a member of another socialist organization.<ref name="Cali51">California State Senate, ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities,'' pg. 51.</ref> This section, specifically aimed to exclude members of the [[Trotskyism|Trotskyist]] [[Young Socialist Alliance]] and the neo-[[Stalinism|Stalinist]] [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]], inflamed members of those groups.<ref name="Cali51" /> One member of the National Committee of another organization loudly declared that the invitation to establish a broad youth organization at the San Francisco convention had been a hoax, and a series of walkouts commenced which removed about one-third of the delegates from the gathering.<ref name="Cali51" />
 The remaining delegates to the convention, about 139 in all,<ref name="Cali51" /> elected Phil Davis, a former field secretary of the [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] as President and Eugene Dennis, Jr. as editor of the organization's publication, ''The Convener,'' which was renamed ''The Insurgent'' early in 1965.<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pp. 183-184.</ref>
 ===Development===
+In 1966 the headquarters of the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America was moved from San Francisco to Chicago.<ref name="Gannon187">Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 187.</ref> It was there that the 1966 convention of the organization was held, with speakers including Donna Allen of [[Women Strike for Peace]], communist historian [[Herbert Aptheker]], and radical attorney [[William Kunstler]].<ref name="Gannon187" />
+On August 27–28, 1966, the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America hosted a national conference in [[Washington, D.C.]] under the slogan "for jobs, peace, and freedom." Over 125 people participated in the event, which included a mass meeting at the [[National Sylvan Theater]] and a protest demonstration by nearly 200 people against poverty and the war in [[Vietnam]] at the gates of the [[White House]].<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 188.</ref>
-In 1966 the headquarters of the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America was moved from San Francisco to Chicago.<ref name="Gannon187">Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 187.</ref> It was there that the 1966 convention of the organization was held, with speakers including Donna Allen of [[Women Strike for Peace]], communist historian [[Herbert Aptheker]], and radical attorney [[William Kunstler]].<ref name="Gannon187" />
+The Du Bois Clubs were active in demonstrations against [[military conscription]] and the [[free speech movement]] throughout the latter half of the 1960s, high profile activity which led the federal government to take action against the organization. In March 1966 [[U.S. Attorney General]] [[Nicholas Katzenbach]] petitioned the [[Subversive Activities Control Board]] to issue an order to the Du Bois Clubs ordering them to register with federal authorities as a so-called "[[communist front]]."<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 186.</ref> This action led to a 1967 attempt at a legal challenge of the constitutionality of the Subversive Activities Control Board, a case which was lost in the [[United States Court of Appeals]].<ref name="Gannon187" /> The Du Bois Clubs tried again in 1968, without success, to enjoin the government from forcing it to register as a "Communist front."<ref name="Gannon187" />
-On August 27–28, 1966, the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America hosted a national conference in [[Washington, D.C.]] under the slogan "for jobs, peace, and freedom." Over 125 people participated in the event, which included a mass meeting at the [[National Sylvan Theater]] and a protest demonstration by nearly 200 people against poverty and the war in [[Vietnam]] at the gates of the [[White House]].<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 188.</ref>
-The DuBois Clubs were active in demonstrations against [[military conscription]] and the [[free speech movement]] throughout the latter half of the 1960s, high profile activity which lead the federal government to take action against the organization. In March 1966 [[U.S. Attorney General]] [[Nicholas Katzenbach]] petitioned the [[Subversive Activities Control Board]] to issue an order to the DuBois Clubs ordering them to register with federal authorities as a so-called "[[communist front]]."<ref>Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 186.</ref> This action lead to a 1967 attempt at a legal challenge of the constitutionality of the Subversive Activities Control Board, a case which was lost in the [[U.S. Court of Appeals]].<ref name="Gannon187" /> The DuBois Clubs tried again in 1968, without success, to enjoin the government from forcing it to register as a "Communist front."<ref name="Gannon187" />
 ===Dissolution and legacy===
+As the 1960s came to a close, the Du Bois Clubs were rendered virtually obsolete by various radical youth organizations of the so-called "[[New Left]]," including in particular the [[Students for a Democratic Society]]. Membership in the Du Bois Clubs plummeted to less than 100, prompting the Communist Party to rethink its commitment to a formally non-party mass organization of youth.<ref name="Gannon189">Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 189.</ref> However according to [[COINTELPRO]] papers, the Counter Intelligence Program claims to have been instrumental in the disbanding of the Du Bois Clubs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro/White%20Hate%20Groups/white-hate-groups-part-01-of-14|title=COINTELPRO White Hate Groups Part 01 of 14|last=|first=|date=|website=FBI (Page 78)|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref>
+In March 1969, the CPUSA sponsored a West Coast Youth Conference which attempted to restructure the W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America into a formal Young Communist adjunct of the adult party.<ref name="Gannon189" /> This transformed organization originally intended to retain the "Du Bois Club" moniker, but in February 1970, the CPUSA decided to dissolve the Du Bois organization altogether in favor of an entirely new group.<ref name="Gannon189" />
-As the 1960s came to a close, the DuBois Clubs were rendered virtually obsolete by various radical youth organizations of the so-called "[[New Left]]," including in particular the [[Students for a Democratic Society]]. Membership in the DuBois Clubs plummeted to less than 100, prompting the Communist Party to rethink its commitment to a formally non-party mass organization of youth.<ref name="Gannon189">Gannon, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 2,'' pg. 189.</ref>
-In March 1969, the CPUSA sponsored a West Coast Youth Conference which attempted to restructure the W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America into a formal Young Communist adjunct of the adult party.<ref name="Gannon189" /> This transformed organization originally intended to retain the "DuBois Club" moniker, but in February 1970, the CPUSA decided to dissolve the DuBois organization altogether in favor of an entirely new group.<ref name="Gannon189" />
+This new organization was known variously as the [[Young Workers Liberation League]] or the Young Communist Liberation League, with state affiliates of the new organization adopting either name as local conditions warranted.<ref name="Gannon189" /> [[Jarvis Tyner]], the last national chairman of the Du Bois Clubs and a member of the National Committee of the adult CPUSA, was selected as the first national chairman of the new organization.<ref name="Gannon189" />
+==See also==
-This new organization was known variously as the [[Young Workers Liberation League]] or the Young Communist Liberation League, with state affiliates of the new organization adopting either name as local conditions warranted.<ref name="Gannon189" /> [[Jarvis Tyner]], the last national chairman of the DuBois Clubs and a member of the National Committee of the adult CPUSA, was selected as the first national chairman of the new organization.<ref name="Gannon189" />
+* [[Young Communist League, USA]]
 ==Footnotes==
 {{reflist|2}}
-==Additional reading==
+==Further reading==
+* California State Senate, [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt4w1003q8&query=&brand=calisphere ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities'']. Sacramento: Senate of the State of California, 1965; pp.&nbsp;36–53.
-* California State Senate, [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt4w1003q8&query=&brand=calisphere ''Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities.''] Sacramento: Senate of the State of California, 1965; pp.&nbsp;36–53.
 * US Senate Judiciary Committee, ''Gaps in Internal Security Laws: Hearings, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session.'' Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1966. LoC number 66062152.
+{{Communist Party USA|state=expanded}}
-==See also==
+{{W. E. B. Du Bois}}
+{{Authority control}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America}}
-* [[Young Communist League, USA]]
-{{Communist Party USA}}
+[[Category:Communist Party USA mass organizations]]
+[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 1970]]
+[[Category:Student organizations established in 1964]]
-{{DEFAULTSORT:W.E.B. DuBois Clubs of America}}
-[[Category:Organizations established in 1964]]
-[[Category:1970 disestablishments]]
 [[Category:Youth wings of communist parties]]
 [[Category:Youth wings of political parties in the United States]]
-[[Category:Communist Party USA mass organizations]]

v t e W. E. B. Du Bois
Life	W.E.B. Du Bois Boyhood Homesite Atlanta Conference of Negro Problems Atlanta Sociological Laboratory The Exhibit of American Negroes (1900) First Pan-African Conference (1900) Niagara Movement NAACP (co-founder) The Crisis magazine The Brownies' Book magazine Freedom newspaper Pan-African Congress Fisk University protest (1924–1925) W. E. B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture (home, burial site, and memorial)
Concepts	Talented Tenth Color line Double consciousness
Non-fiction	The Suppression of the African Slave-trade to the United States of America (1894) The Study of the Negro Problems (1898) The Philadelphia Negro (1899) The Souls of Black Folk (1903) The Negro in the South (1907) John Brown (1909) The Negro (1915) Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil (1920) Black Reconstruction in America (1935) Dusk of Dawn (1940)
Fiction	"The Comet" (1920) Dark Princess (1928)
Honors	W. E. B. Du Bois Library W.E.B. Du Bois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute
Related	Shirley Graham Du Bois (second wife) Yolande Du Bois (daughter) Encyclopedia Africana The Negro Problem (1903 book) W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America African American founding fathers of the United States

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States