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A deck is the surface of a bridge. A structural element of its superstructure, it may be constructed of concrete, steel, open grating, or wood. Sometimes the deck is covered by a railroad bed and track, asphalt concrete, or other form of pavement for ease of vehicle crossing. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure (T-beam or double tee structure) or it may be supported with I-beams or steel girders.

When a bridge deck is installed in a through truss, it is sometimes called a floor system.^[1] A suspended bridge deck will be suspended from the main structural elements on a suspension or arch bridge. On some bridges, such as a tied-arch or a cable-stayed, the deck is a primary structural element, carrying tension or compression to support the span.

A deck bridge is one in which the deck itself is the main structural element, itself carrying the roadway. Contrast to a truss bridge which may carry a deck on the top chords or bottom chords of a structural truss.

Structural analysis

Structural engineers have several principal categories of bridge decks, for the purposes of analytic techniques. A beam deck is one where the deck and any supporting structure act together as a single beam. A grid deck uses beams and diaphragms as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an orthotropic deck. A beam and slab deck is one where the beams may deflect somewhat independently, and any transverse forces are carried in the deck. A cellular deck is one where a number of thin slabs and webs will enclose cells within the deck. A boxgirder deck is one where the deck forms the top of the box girder during analysis.^[2]

Railway bridge decks

A railway bridge with its track and ties supported on load carrying elements of the superstructure (floor beams, stringers or girders) is called an open deck. When the track rests upon ballast, which is then carried by the superstructure of the bridge, it is called a ballasted deck. The term direct fixation is used when the rails are anchored directly to the superstructure of the bridge.^[3]

References

^ Members of a Truss Bridge, by Benj. F. La Rue, Home Study Magazine, Published by the Colliery Engineer Company, Vol 3, No. 2, March 1898, pages 67-68.
^ Hambly, E. C. (1991). Bridge Deck Behaviour. CRC Press. pp. 1–16. ISBN 9780419172604.
^ Sorgenfrei, Donald F.; Marianos, W.N. (Nov 4, 1999). "Railroad Bridges". In Chen, Wai-Fah; Lian, Duan (eds.). Bridge Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 23–5. ISBN 0-8493-7434-0.

External links

Composite Bridge Decking: Final Project Report Federal Highway Administration

[1] Members of a Truss Bridge, by Benj. F. La Rue, Home Study Magazine, Published by the Colliery Engineer Company, Vol 3, No. 2, March 1898, pages 67-68.

[2] Hambly, E. C. (1991). Bridge Deck Behaviour. CRC Press. pp. 1–16. ISBN 9780419172604.

[3] Sorgenfrei, Donald F.; Marianos, W.N. (Nov 4, 1999). "Railroad Bridges". In Chen, Wai-Fah; Lian, Duan (eds.). Bridge Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 23–5. ISBN 0-8493-7434-0.

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+{{Short description|Surface of a bridge}}
-{{redirect|Bridge deck}}
+{{Other uses|Bridge deck (disambiguation)}}
-[[Image:Parts of a truss bridge.svg|right|thumb|300px|The various part of a truss bridge.]]
+{{Distinguish|Deck (ship)}}
-A '''bridge deck''' or '''road bed''' is the roadway, or the pedestrian walkway, surface of a [[bridge]], and is one structural element of the [[Superstructure#bridge|superstructure]] of a bridge. It is not to be confused with any [[Deck (ship)#Common names for decks|deck]] of a ship. The deck may be constructed of [[concrete]], [[steel]], [[grating|open grating]], or wood. Sometimes the deck is covered with [[asphalt concrete]] or other [[pavement (material)|pavement]]. The concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure ([[T-beam]] or [[double tee]] structure) or it may be supported with [[I-beam]]s or steel [[girder]]s.
+[[File:Parts of a truss bridge.svg|right|thumb|300px|The various parts of a truss bridge]]
+A '''deck''' is the surface of a [[bridge]].  A structural element of its [[Superstructure#bridge|superstructure]], it may be constructed of [[concrete]], [[steel]], [[grating|open grating]], or wood. Sometimes the deck is covered by a [[track ballast|railroad bed]] and [[railroad track|track]], [[asphalt concrete]], or other form of [[pavement (material)|pavement]] for ease of vehicle crossing. A concrete deck may be an integral part of the bridge structure ([[T-beam]] or [[double tee]] structure) or it may be supported with [[I-beam]]s or steel [[girder]]s.
-When a bridge deck is installed in a [[through truss]], it is sometimes called a floor system.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=A3oSAAAAYAAJ Members of a Truss Bridge], by Benj. F. La Rue, Home Study Magazine, Published by the Colliery Engineer Company, Vol 3, No. 2, March 1898, pages 67-68.</ref> A '''suspended bridge deck''' will be suspended from the main structural elements on a suspension or arch bridge. On some bridges, such as a [[Tied-arch bridge|tied-arch]] or a [[Cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]], the deck is a primary [[structural element]], carrying tension or compression to support the span.
+When a bridge deck is installed in a [[through truss]], it is sometimes called a floor system.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=A3oSAAAAYAAJ Members of a Truss Bridge], by Benj. F. La Rue, Home Study Magazine, Published by the Colliery Engineer Company, Vol 3, No. 2, March 1898, pages 67-68.</ref> A '''suspended bridge deck''' will be suspended from the main structural elements on a suspension or arch bridge. On some bridges, such as a [[Tied-arch bridge|tied-arch]] or a [[Cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]], the deck is a primary [[structural element]], carrying tension or compression to support the span.
+{{anchor|deck bridge|Deck bridge}}
+A '''deck bridge''' is one in which the deck itself is the main structural element, itself carrying the roadway.  Contrast to a [[truss bridge]] which may carry a deck on the top chords or bottom chords of a structural [[truss]].
 ==Structural analysis==
-[[Structural engineering|Structural engineers]] have several principal categories of bridge decks, for the purposes of analytic techniques. A ''beam deck'' is one where the deck and any supporting structure act together as a single beam. A ''grid deck'' uses [[Beam (structure)|beams]] and [[Diaphragm (structural system)|diaphragms]] as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A ''slab deck'' is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an [[orthotropic deck]]. A ''beam and slab deck'' is one where the beams may [[Deflection (engineering)|deflect]] somewhat independently, and any transverse forces are carried in the deck. A ''cellular deck'' is one where a number of thin slabs and webs will enclose cells within the deck. A ''boxgirder deck'' is one where the deck forms the top of the [[box girder]] during analysis.<ref>{{cite book| last =Hambly| first =E. C.| authorlink =| title =Bridge Deck Behaviour| publisher =CRC Press| series =| volume =| edition =| date =1991| location =| pages =1–16| language =| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Yu8BMi80VW8C| doi =| id =| isbn =9780419172604| mr =| zbl =| jfm =}}</ref>
+[[Structural engineering|Structural engineers]] have several principal categories of bridge decks, for the purposes of analytic techniques. A ''beam deck'' is one where the deck and any supporting structure act together as a single beam. A ''grid deck'' uses [[Beam (structure)|beams]] and [[Diaphragm (structural system)|diaphragms]] as the supporting structure. The supporting system of a grid deck is analyzed using a grillage analysis. A ''slab deck'' is one where the deck is analyzed as a plate. If the slab has a stiffness that is different in two directions (at right angles), then the deck is known and analyzed as an [[orthotropic deck]]. A ''beam and slab deck'' is one where the beams may [[Deflection (engineering)|deflect]] somewhat independently, and any transverse forces are carried in the deck. A ''cellular deck'' is one where a number of thin slabs and webs will enclose cells within the deck. A ''boxgirder deck'' is one where the deck forms the top of the [[box girder]] during analysis.<ref>{{cite book| last =Hambly| first =E. C.| title =Bridge Deck Behaviour| publisher =CRC Press| date =1991| pages =1–16| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Yu8BMi80VW8C| isbn =9780419172604}}</ref>
 ==Railway bridge decks==
 [[File:Columbus and Greenville Railway bridge over Yazoo River.jpg|thumb|upright|An open-deck railway bridge in [[Leflore County, Mississippi]]]]
-In the case of a [[railway bridge]], when the [[Track (rail transport)|railway track]] and [[Railroad tie|ties]] are supported on load carrying elements of the superstructure (floor beams, stringers or girders), it is called an ''open deck''. When the track rests upon [[Track ballast|ballast]], which is then carried by the superstructure of the bridge, it is called a ''ballasted deck''. A third type of rail support is ''direct fixation'', where ties are not used and the rails are anchored directly to the superstructure of the bridge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sorgenfrei| first1=Donald F.| last2=Marianos| first2=W.N.| display-authors=| author-mask=| author-name-separator=| author-separator=| lastauthoramp=| date=Nov 4, 1999| year=| origyear=|chapter=Railroad Bridges|  trans_chapter=| chapterurl=| editor1-last=Chen| editor1-first=Wai-Fah| editor2-last=Lian| editor2-first=Duan| display-editors=| title=Bridge Engineering Handbook| trans_title=| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XxYKgLVnT8YC| format=| type=| series=| language=| volume=| issue=| others=| edition=| location= |publisher=[[CRC Press]]| publication-date=| pages=23–5| pages=| at=| nopp= | arxiv=| asin=| bibcode=| doi=| doi_brokendate=| isbn=0-8493-7434-0| issn=| jfm=| jstor=| lccn=| mr=| oclc=| ol=| osti=| pmc=| pmid=| rfc=| ssrn=| zbl=| id= | archiveurl=| archivedate=| accessdate=| via=| registration=| subscription=| laysummary=| laysource=| laydate=| quote=| separator=| postscript=| ref=}}</ref>
+A [[railway bridge]] with its [[Track (rail transport)|track]] and [[Railroad tie|ties]] supported on load carrying elements of the superstructure (floor [[beam (structure)|beam]]s, [[stringer (stairs)|stringer]]s or [[girder]]s) is called an ''open deck''. When the track rests upon [[Track ballast|ballast]], which is then carried by the superstructure of the bridge, it is called a ''ballasted deck''. The term ''direct fixation'' is used when the rails are anchored directly to the superstructure of the bridge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sorgenfrei| first1=Donald F.| last2=Marianos| first2=W.N.| date=Nov 4, 1999|chapter=Railroad Bridges| editor1-last=Chen| editor1-first=Wai-Fah| editor2-last=Lian| editor2-first=Duan| title=Bridge Engineering Handbook| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxYKgLVnT8YC|publisher=[[CRC Press]]| pages=23–5| isbn=0-8493-7434-0}}</ref>
 ==See also==
 * [[Bridge#Structure type|Bridge]] - for a visual index of various bridge types
 * [[Bridge bearing]]
+* [[Freeway lid]]
 * [[Orthotropic deck]]
 * [[Truss bridge#Roadbed types|Roadbed types]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
 {{wiktionary|deck (bridge)}}
 {{wiktionary|bridge deck}}
-*[http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo46166 Composite Bridge Decking: Final Project Report] [[Federal Highway Administration]]
+*[https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo46166 Composite Bridge Decking: Final Project Report] [[Federal Highway Administration]]
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Civil engineering]]
-[[Category:Bridges]]
+[[Category:Bridge components]]