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The Charlotte Medal is a silver medallion, 74 millimetres (2.9 in) in diameter, depicting the voyage of the convict transport Charlotte, with the First Fleet, to Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Its obverse depicts the ship and the reverse is inscribed with a description of the journey. Struck by convict Thomas Barrett upon arriving in Botany Bay aboard Charlotte in January 1788, the medal is said to be the first work of Australian colonial art.^[1] Within a month, Barrett became the first person to be executed in the new colony.

Creation

During the journey the Charlotte visited Rio de Janeiro. Whilst at anchor, one of the ship's convicts, a forger and mutineer^[2] by the name of Thomas Barrett was caught giving locals fake coins made from buckles, buttons and spoons. The Surgeon-general of the Fleet, John White was impressed with his skill in making these forgeries, without having the apparent means to do so. This led him to commission Barrett to make the medal, to commemorate the journey, possibly from the surgeon's silver kidney dish.^[3]^[2]

Inscriptions

The obverse of the medal depicts the Charlotte at anchor at night in Botany Bay. The inscription reads

The Charlotte at anchor in Botany Bay Jan'y ^th.20.1788^[1]

The reverse of the medal is inscribed with a journal of the voyage. It reads

Sailed the Charlotte of London from Spit head the 13 of May 1787. Bound for Botany Bay in th Island of new holland arriv,d at Teneriff ^th4 of June in Lat 28 13 N Long 16 23 W depart,d it 10 D', arriv,d at rio janeiro 6 of Aug in Lat 22,54 S Long 42,38 W, depart,d it the 5 of Sep' arriv,d at the Cape of good hope the 14 Oct' in Lat 34 29 S Long 18 29 E depart,d it ^th13 of Nov' and made the South Cape of New Holland the 8 of Jan 4 1788 in Lat 43,32 S Long 146,56 E arrivd at Botany Bay the 20 of Jan' the Charlotte in C^o in Lat 34.00 South Long 151.00 East distance from great Britan Miles 13106^[1]

Owners and ANMM purchase

It is unknown who owned the medal after White. It is possible that he presented it with his voyage findings, or it stayed with his family after his death, but at some point before 1919 it came into the possession of Princess Victoria and Prince Louis.^[4]

In 1919 it was sold via Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge to a British numismatist, Henry Baldwin.^[2]

In 1967 it was sold to an American numismatist, John J Ford.^[2]

In 1981 it was sold to a Melbourne dentist, Dr John Chapman, for $15,000 at Spink Sydney Auction. Dr Chapman donated a medal containing a reproduction of the Charlotte Medal to Museum Victoria to mark its bicentennial, in 1988.^[2]^[5]^[6]^[7]

In 2008 the Australian National Maritime Museum, with funds from the National Cultural Heritage Account, authorised through the Australian Government, won an auction for the medal with a bid of $750,000.^[2]^[4] The final price was $873,750, with $200,000 of NCH funding.^[8]

This makes it possible that, despite its age, the medal has only been sold four times.

Copper medal

A smaller copper medallion, with a diameter of 47 millimetres (1.9 in), was created at the same time. The medal was made for White's personal servant, William Broughton and omits the ship scene, being inscribed simply with an abridged version of the journey.^[4] The medallion was uncovered during house restoration in the early 1940s.^[6] It has been suggested that this medal should "rank as equal in rarity and significance" as its silver counterpart.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Arriving". National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Hosty, Kieran (September–November 2008), "The Charlotte Medal", Signals: Quarterly Magazine of The Australian National Maritime Museum, pp. 10–15, retrieved 10 March 2019
^ White, John (1790). "Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with sixty-five plates of nondescript animals, birds, lizards, serpents, curious cones of trees and other natural productions". University of Sydney Library. pp. 44–45. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c Coin Collector Blog (5 December 2012). "What is the Charlotte medal and why is it of such immense significance to Australia?". The Perth Mint Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ John Chapman, Tracee Hutchison (10 July 2008). The 7.30 Report – Historical medals and coins go under the hammer (Television production). Melbourne, Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
^ ^a ^b Chapman, John (1998). "The Solution of the Charlotte Enigma" (PDF). Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia. 9: 28–33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ "Medal – Bicentenary of the Charlotte Medal 1788–1988, Dr John Chapman, Caulfield South, Victoria, Australia, 1988". Museum Victoria. 1987. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ Cultural Property Section (2009). "Review of the Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Regulations 1987 – Report of public consultation". Australian Government – Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
^ "Lot 740 – Aust. Historical Medals". Noble Numismatics PTY LTD. 26–29 November 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

External links

The Charlotte Medal at the Australian National Maritime Museum

[NationalMuseum-1] "Arriving". National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[SignalsMagazine-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Hosty, Kieran (September–November 2008), "The Charlotte Medal", Signals: Quarterly Magazine of The Australian National Maritime Museum, pp. 10–15, retrieved 10 March 2019

[JournalOfAVoyage-3] White, John (1790). "Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with sixty-five plates of nondescript animals, birds, lizards, serpents, curious cones of trees and other natural productions". University of Sydney Library. pp. 44–45. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[WhatIsCharlotteMedal-4] Coin Collector Blog (5 December 2012). "What is the Charlotte medal and why is it of such immense significance to Australia?". The Perth Mint Australia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[ABCreport-5] John Chapman, Tracee Hutchison (10 July 2008). The 7.30 Report – Historical medals and coins go under the hammer (Television production). Melbourne, Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

[NumismatistJournal-6] Chapman, John (1998). "The Solution of the Charlotte Enigma" (PDF). Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia. 9: 28–33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[BicentennialMedal-7] "Medal – Bicentenary of the Charlotte Medal 1788–1988, Dr John Chapman, Caulfield South, Victoria, Australia, 1988". Museum Victoria. 1987. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[AusGovernmentReport-8] Cultural Property Section (2009). "Review of the Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Regulations 1987 – Report of public consultation". Australian Government – Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

[CopperMedalAuction-9] "Lot 740 – Aust. Historical Medals". Noble Numismatics PTY LTD. 26–29 November 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

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+{{Short description|Silver medallion}}
+{{Use Australian English|date=April 2018}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
 [[File:The Charlotte Medal - 1788.jpg|thumb|upright|The Charlotte Medal]]
-The '''Charlotte Medal''' is a [[silver]] [[medallion]] {{convert|74|mm}} wide, depicting the voyage of the ''[[Charlotte (1784 ship)|Charlotte]]'', with the [[First Fleet]], to [[Botany Bay]], Australia. Its [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] depicts a scene of the ship and its reverse is inscribed with a description of the journey. The medal is said to be the first work of Australian [[Australian art#Colonial art .281770.E2.80.931900.29|colonial art]].<ref name=NationalMuseum>{{cite web |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/irish_in_australia/exhibition_overview/arriving |title=Arriving |publisher=[[National Museum of Australia]] |accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref>
+The '''Charlotte Medal''' is a [[silver]] [[medallion]], {{convert|74|mm}} in diameter, depicting the voyage of the convict transport ''[[Charlotte (1784 ship)|Charlotte]]'', with the [[First Fleet]], to [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], Australia. Its [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] depicts the ship and the reverse is inscribed with a description of the journey. Struck by convict [[Thomas Barrett (convict)|Thomas Barrett]] upon arriving in [[Botany Bay]] aboard ''Charlotte'' in January 1788, the medal is said to be the first work of Australian [[Australian art#Colonial art .281770.E2.80.931900.29|colonial art]].<ref name=NationalMuseum>{{cite web |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/irish_in_australia/exhibition_overview/arriving |title=Arriving |publisher=[[National Museum of Australia]] |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Within a month, Barrett became the [[List of people legally executed in New South Wales#Sydney Cove (1788-9)|first person to be executed in the new colony]].
 ==Creation==
-During the journey the Charlotte visited [[Rio de Janeiro]]. Whilst at anchor, one of the ship's convicts, a [[forger]] and [[mutiny|mutineer]]<ref name=SignalsMagazine/> by the name of Thomas Barrett was caught giving locals fake coins made from buckles, buttons and spoons. The [[Surgeon-general]] of the Fleet, [[John White (surgeon)|John White]] was impressed with his skill in making these forgeries, without having the apparent means to do so. This led him to commission Barrett to make the medal, to commemorate the journey, possibly from the surgeon's silver [[kidney dish]].<ref name=JournalOfAVoyage>
+During the journey the Charlotte visited [[Rio de Janeiro]]. Whilst at anchor, one of the ship's convicts, a [[forger]] and [[mutiny|mutineer]]<ref name=SignalsMagazine/> by the name of [[Thomas Barrett (convict)|Thomas Barrett]] was caught giving locals fake coins made from buckles, buttons and spoons. The [[Surgeon-general]] of the Fleet, [[John White (surgeon)|John White]] was impressed with his skill in making these forgeries, without having the apparent means to do so. This led him to commission Barrett to make the medal, to commemorate the journey, possibly from the surgeon's silver [[kidney dish]].<ref name=JournalOfAVoyage>
-{{cite web |url=http://purl.library.usyd.edu.au/setis/id/p00092 |title=Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with sixty-five plates of nondescript animals, birds, lizards, serpents, curious cones of trees and other natural productions |author=White, John |work=|pages=44–45 |publisher=University of Sydney Library |year=1790 |accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref> It is created in the style of a [[Touch piece]].<ref name=SignalsMagazine/>
+{{cite web |url=http://purl.library.usyd.edu.au/setis/id/p00092 |title=Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales with sixty-five plates of nondescript animals, birds, lizards, serpents, curious cones of trees and other natural productions |author=White, John |pages=44–45 |publisher=University of Sydney Library |year=1790 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=SignalsMagazine/>
 ==Inscriptions==
 The obverse of the medal depicts the ''Charlotte'' at anchor at night in Botany Bay. The inscription reads {{quote|The Charlotte at anchor in Botany Bay Jan'y <sup>th</sup>.20.1788<ref name=NationalMuseum/>}}
-The reverse of the medal is inscribed with a journal of the voyage. It reads {{quote|Sailed the Charlotte of [[London]] from [[Spithead|Spit head]] the 13 of May 1787. Bound for Botany Bay in th Island of [[New Holland (Australia)|new holland]] arriv,d at [[Tenerife|Teneriff]] <sup>th</sup>4 of June in Lat 28 13 N Long 16 23 W depart,d it 10 D', arriv,d at rio janeiro 6 of Aug in Lat 22,54 S Long 42,38 W, depart,d it the 5 of Sep' arriv,d at the [[Cape of good hope]] the 14 Oct' in Lat 34 29 S Long 18 29 E depart,d it <sup>th</sup>13 of Nov' and made the [[South East Cape|South Cape]] of New Holland the 8 of Jan 4 1788 in Lat 43,32 S Long 146,56 E arrivd at Botany Bay the 20 of Jun' the Charlotte in C<sup>o</sup> in Lat 34.00 South Long 151.00 East distance from [[Great Britain|great Britan]] Miles 13106<ref name=NationalMuseum/>}}
+The reverse of the medal is inscribed with a journal of the voyage. It reads {{quote|Sailed the Charlotte of [[London]] from [[Spithead|Spit head]] the 13 of May 1787. Bound for Botany Bay in th Island of [[New Holland (Australia)|new holland]] arriv,d at [[Tenerife|Teneriff]] <sup>th</sup>4 of June in Lat 28 13 N Long 16 23 W depart,d it 10 D', arriv,d at rio janeiro 6 of Aug in Lat 22,54 S Long 42,38 W, depart,d it the 5 of Sep' arriv,d at the [[Cape of good hope]] the 14 Oct' in Lat 34 29 S Long 18 29 E depart,d it <sup>th</sup>13 of Nov' and made the [[South East Cape|South Cape]] of New Holland the 8 of Jan 4 1788 in Lat 43,32 S Long 146,56 E arrivd at Botany Bay the 20 of Jan' the Charlotte in C<sup>o</sup> in Lat 34.00 South Long 151.00 East distance from [[Great Britain|great Britan]] Miles 13106<ref name=NationalMuseum/>}}
 ==Owners and ANMM purchase==
-It is unknown who owned the medal after White. It is possible that he presented it with his voyage findings, or it stayed with his family after his death, but at some point before 1919 it came into the possession of [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine|Princess Victoria]] and [[Prince Louis of Battenberg|Prince Louis]].<ref name=WhatIsCharlotteMedal>{{cite web |url=http://blog.perthmint.com.au/2013/12/05/what-is-the-charlotte-medal-and-why-is-it-of-such-immense-significance-to-australia/ |title=What is the Charlotte medal and why is it of such immense significance to Australia? |author=Coin Collector Blog |publisher=The Perth Mint Australia |date=5 December 2012 |accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref>
+It is unknown who owned the medal after White. It is possible that he presented it with his voyage findings, or it stayed with his family after his death, but at some point before 1919 it came into the possession of [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine|Princess Victoria]] and [[Prince Louis of Battenberg|Prince Louis]].<ref name=WhatIsCharlotteMedal>{{cite web |url=http://blog.perthmint.com.au/2013/12/05/what-is-the-charlotte-medal-and-why-is-it-of-such-immense-significance-to-australia/ |title=What is the Charlotte medal and why is it of such immense significance to Australia? |author=Coin Collector Blog |publisher=The Perth Mint Australia |date=5 December 2012 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
-In 1919 it was sold via [[Sotheby's|Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge]] to a British [[numismatist]], Henry Baldwin.<ref name=SignalsMagazine>{{Citation |last =Hosty |first =Kieran  |title =The Charlotte Medal |magazine =Signals: Quarterly Magazine of The Australian National Maritime Museum |pages =10–15  |date =September–November 2008 |url =http://emuseum.anmm.gov.au/media/full/00045213%20Signals%20article.pdf |accessdate =17 September 2014}}</ref>
+In 1919 it was sold via [[Sotheby's|Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge]] to a British [[numismatist]], Henry Baldwin.<ref name=SignalsMagazine>{{Citation |last =Hosty |first =Kieran  |title =The Charlotte Medal |magazine =Signals: Quarterly Magazine of The Australian National Maritime Museum |pages =10–15  |date =September–November 2008 |url =https://issuu.com/anmmuseum/docs/signals_84 |access-date =10 March 2019}}</ref>
 In 1967 it was sold to an American numismatist, John J Ford.<ref name=SignalsMagazine/>
-In 1981 it was sold to a [[Melbourne]] dentist, Dr John Chapman, for $15,000 at Spink Sydney Auction. Dr Chapman donated a medal containing a reproduction of the Charlotte Medal to [[Museum Victoria]] to mark its [[Australian Bicentenary|bicentennial]], in 1988.<ref name=SignalsMagazine/><ref name=ABCreport>{{cite AV media |people =John Chapman, Tracee Hutchison |title =The 7.30 Report &ndash; Historical medals and coins go under the hammer |medium =Television production |publisher =[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |location =Melbourne, Australia |date =10 July 2008 |url =http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2008/s2300524.htm}}</ref><ref name=NumismatistJournal>{{cite journal |last =Chapman |first =John |title =The Solution of the Charlotte Enigma |journal =Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia |volume =9 |pages =28–33 |date =1998 |url =http://www.loonyrobot.com/naa-online.com/pdfjournal/Vol9/Vol%209%20Article%204.pdf |accessdate =17 September 2014 |deadurl =yes |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20140918052905/http://www.loonyrobot.com/naa-online.com/pdfjournal/Vol9/Vol%209%20Article%204.pdf |archivedate =18 September 2014 |df = }}</ref><ref name=BicentennialMedal>{{cite web |url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/273157/medal-bicentenary-of-the-charlotte-medal-1788-1988-dr-john-chapman-caulfield-south-victoria-australia-1988 |title=Medal &ndash; Bicentenary of the Charlotte Medal 1788&ndash;1988, Dr John Chapman, Caulfield South, Victoria, Australia, 1988 |publisher=Museum Victoria |year=1987 |accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref>
+In 1981 it was sold to a [[Melbourne]] dentist, Dr John Chapman, for $15,000 at Spink Sydney Auction. Dr Chapman donated a medal containing a reproduction of the Charlotte Medal to [[Museum Victoria]] to mark its [[Australian Bicentenary|bicentennial]], in 1988.<ref name=SignalsMagazine/><ref name=ABCreport>{{cite AV media |people =John Chapman, Tracee Hutchison |title =The 7.30 Report &ndash; Historical medals and coins go under the hammer |medium =Television production |publisher =[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |location =Melbourne, Australia |date =10 July 2008 |url =http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2008/s2300524.htm}}</ref><ref name=NumismatistJournal>{{cite journal |last =Chapman |first =John |title =The Solution of the Charlotte Enigma |journal =Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia |volume =9 |pages =28–33 |date =1998 |url =http://www.loonyrobot.com/naa-online.com/pdfjournal/Vol9/Vol%209%20Article%204.pdf |access-date =17 September 2014 |url-status =dead |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140918052905/http://www.loonyrobot.com/naa-online.com/pdfjournal/Vol9/Vol%209%20Article%204.pdf |archive-date =18 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name=BicentennialMedal>{{cite web |url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/273157/medal-bicentenary-of-the-charlotte-medal-1788-1988-dr-john-chapman-caulfield-south-victoria-australia-1988 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807014237/http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/273157/medal-bicentenary-of-the-charlotte-medal-1788-1988-dr-john-chapman-caulfield-south-victoria-australia-1988 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 August 2013 |title=Medal &ndash; Bicentenary of the Charlotte Medal 1788&ndash;1988, Dr John Chapman, Caulfield South, Victoria, Australia, 1988 |publisher=Museum Victoria |year=1987 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
-In 2008 the [[Australian National Maritime Museum]], with funds from the [[Australian Heritage Council|National Cultural Heritage]] Account, authorised through the Australian Government, won an auction for the medal with a bid of $750,000.<ref name=SignalsMagazine/><ref name=WhatIsCharlotteMedal/> The final price was $873,750, with $200,000 of NCH funding<ref name=AusGovernmentReport>{{cite web |url=http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/PMCH_Review_report_final_for_web.doc&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=rsIZVJymK6Sy7AbUnoGACw&ved=0CDMQFjAHOAo&usg=AFQjCNHXxEeEDAJ3vh1nHzxZIxmYVicbyw |title=Review of the Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Regulations 1987 &ndash; Report of public consultation |author=Cultural Property Section |publisher=Australian Government &ndash; Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |date=2009 |accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref>
+In 2008 the [[Australian National Maritime Museum]], with funds from the [[Australian Heritage Council|National Cultural Heritage]] Account, authorised through the Australian Government, won an auction for the medal with a bid of $750,000.<ref name=SignalsMagazine/><ref name=WhatIsCharlotteMedal/> The final price was $873,750, with $200,000 of NCH funding.<ref name=AusGovernmentReport>{{cite web |url=http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/PMCH_Review_report_final_for_web.doc&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=rsIZVJymK6Sy7AbUnoGACw&ved=0CDMQFjAHOAo&usg=AFQjCNHXxEeEDAJ3vh1nHzxZIxmYVicbyw |title=Review of the Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Act 1986 and Protection of Movable Cultural Heritage Regulations 1987 &ndash; Report of public consultation |author=Cultural Property Section |publisher=Australian Government &ndash; Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |date=2009 |access-date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013004/http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/PMCH_Review_report_final_for_web.doc%26rct%3Dj%26frm%3D1%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26sa%3DU%26ei%3DrsIZVJymK6Sy7AbUnoGACw%26ved%3D0CDMQFjAHOAo%26usg%3DAFQjCNHXxEeEDAJ3vh1nHzxZIxmYVicbyw |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 This makes it possible that, despite its age, the medal has only been sold four times.
 ==Copper medal==
-A smaller [[copper]] medallion, with a diameter of {{convert|47|mm}}, was created at the same time. The medal was made for White's personal servant, William Broughton and omits the ship scene, being inscribed simply with an abridged version of the journey.<ref name=WhatIsCharlotteMedal/> The medallion was uncovered during house restoration in the early 1940s.<ref name=NumismatistJournal/> It has been suggested that this medal should "rank as equal in rarity and significance" as its silver counterpart.<ref name=CopperMedalAuction>{{cite web |url=http://www.noble.com.au/auctions/lot/?id=308954 |title=Lot 740 &ndash; Aust. Historical Medals |publisher=Noble Numismatics PTY LTD |date=26–29 Nov 2013 |accessdate=17 September 2014}}</ref>
+A smaller [[copper]] medallion, with a diameter of {{convert|47|mm}}, was created at the same time. The medal was made for White's personal servant, William Broughton and omits the ship scene, being inscribed simply with an abridged version of the journey.<ref name=WhatIsCharlotteMedal/> The medallion was uncovered during house restoration in the early 1940s.<ref name=NumismatistJournal/> It has been suggested that this medal should "rank as equal in rarity and significance" as its silver counterpart.<ref name=CopperMedalAuction>{{cite web |url=http://www.noble.com.au/auctions/lot/?id=308954 |title=Lot 740 &ndash; Aust. Historical Medals |publisher=Noble Numismatics PTY LTD |date=26–29 Nov 2013 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+==External links==
+* [http://collections.anmm.gov.au/en/objects/details/152184/ The Charlotte Medal] at the Australian National Maritime Museum
 {{Convicts in Australia}}
 [[Category:Australian art]]