User:Tmastermalone/sandbox: Difference between revisions
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As a [[List of legal entity types by country|legal form]], the S.p.A. has five characteristics that are always present and universally recognized: legal personality, [[limited liability]], transferable shares, ownership by [[Shareholder|shareholders]], and management by a [[board of directors]] on behalf of the shareholders.<ref>{{Citation |last=Armour |first=John |title=What Is Corporate Law? |date=2017-01-26 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739630.003.0001 |work=The Anatomy of Corporate Law |pages=1–28 |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2022-05-30 |last2=Hansmann |first2=Henry |last3=Kraakman |first3=Reinier |last4=Pargendler |first4=Mariana}}</ref> On account of these characteristics, an S.p.A. can raise large amounts of capital by incentivizing many investors to buy its shares, making the S.p.A. suitable for large undertakings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yefymenko |first=Anatoliy P. |date=2009 |title=Corporate Governance Under Ukraine’s New Joint Stock Company Law |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1387360 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.1387360 |issn=1556-5068}}</ref> Accordingly, the S.p.A. is the legal form in which large companies typically operate all over the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Stock Company - Explained |url=https://thebusinessprofessor.com/business-governance/joint-stock-company-definition |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=The Business Professor, LLC}}</ref> |
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Throughout Italy’s history, the governance of S.p.A. has been remodeled several times. Originally the S.p.A. was governed by the Commercial Code of 1865,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Borsari |first=Luigi |title=Codice di Commercio del Regno d'Italia |publisher=Società l'Unione Tipografico-Editrice |year=1868 |isbn=0-7220-3165-3 |location=Italy |pages=349-380 |language=Italian}}</ref> and subsequently by that of 1883, under the name “società anonima” (“anonymous company”) <ref>{{Cite book |last=T. |first=Giamini |title=Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation, vol. 4, no. 2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1902 |isbn=9781272397678 |location=New York, NY |pages=196-201 |language=English}}</ref>. The regulations contained within the civil code remained unaltered until the 2003 Company Law Reform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LA RIFORMA DEL DIRITTO SOCIETARIO |url=https://www.uniba.it/it/docenti/girone-gianluca/attivita-didattica/la-riforma-del-diritto-societario |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro |language=en}}</ref> The regulations in effect are set out in the [[Italian civil code|Italian Civil Code]] of 1942, which also adopted the name currently in use. Within the civil code, the articles specifically addressing S.p.A. are found in Articles 2325-2510 of Book V, Title V. {{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}} |
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Latest revision as of 06:47, 30 May 2022
As a legal form, the S.p.A. has five characteristics that are always present and universally recognized: legal personality, limited liability, transferable shares, ownership by shareholders, and management by a board of directors on behalf of the shareholders.[1] On account of these characteristics, an S.p.A. can raise large amounts of capital by incentivizing many investors to buy its shares, making the S.p.A. suitable for large undertakings.[2] Accordingly, the S.p.A. is the legal form in which large companies typically operate all over the world.[3]
Throughout Italy’s history, the governance of S.p.A. has been remodeled several times. Originally the S.p.A. was governed by the Commercial Code of 1865,[4] and subsequently by that of 1883, under the name “società anonima” (“anonymous company”) [5]. The regulations contained within the civil code remained unaltered until the 2003 Company Law Reform.[6] The regulations in effect are set out in the Italian Civil Code of 1942, which also adopted the name currently in use. Within the civil code, the articles specifically addressing S.p.A. are found in Articles 2325-2510 of Book V, Title V.
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- ^ Armour, John; Hansmann, Henry; Kraakman, Reinier; Pargendler, Mariana (2017-01-26), "What Is Corporate Law?", The Anatomy of Corporate Law, Oxford University Press, pp. 1–28, retrieved 2022-05-30
- ^ Yefymenko, Anatoliy P. (2009). "Corporate Governance Under Ukraine's New Joint Stock Company Law". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1387360. ISSN 1556-5068.
- ^ "Joint Stock Company - Explained". The Business Professor, LLC. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ Borsari, Luigi (1868). Codice di Commercio del Regno d'Italia (in Italian). Italy: Società l'Unione Tipografico-Editrice. pp. 349–380. ISBN 0-7220-3165-3.
- ^ T., Giamini (1902). Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation, vol. 4, no. 2. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–201. ISBN 9781272397678.
- ^ "LA RIFORMA DEL DIRITTO SOCIETARIO". Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro. Retrieved 2022-05-30.