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{{short description|Airport in Kazakhstan}} |
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'''Yubileyniy''' {{airport codes||UAON|XXX}} is an [[airport]] in [[Kyzylorda Oblast]] [[Kazakhstan]] |
'''Yubileyniy''' {{airport codes||UAON|XXX}} is an [[airport]] in [[Kyzylorda Oblast]], [[Kazakhstan]]. It is part of the [[Baikonur cosmodrome]]. It sits 40 km north-north-west of [[Baikonur]] (at the site of 251 cosmodrome [[Baikonur]]) in the [[desert]] region of Ushkyzyl. |
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The airport is leased by [[Russia]] from Kazakhstan as part of the “[[Baikonur]]” complex. The aerodrome operator is FSUE “TsENKI”. |
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==Description== |
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The airfield is leased by [[Russia]] from Kazakhstan as part of the “[[Baikonur]]” complex for the period up to 2050, entered into the State Register of Aerodromes of Experimental Aviation of the Russian Federation. The aerodrome operator is FSUE “[[TsENKI]]” (until 2017, the aerodrome was operated by “[[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center]])”. |
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Yubileyniy airfield |
Yubileyniy airfield supports all types of aircraft, including [[An-225]] "Mriya". The [[maximum take-off weight]] is 392 metric tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviadocs.net/CAI/ao13-0911.pdf |title=Collection of aeronautical information No. 13 - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. |publisher=CAI GA |year=2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110108021806/http://aviadocs.net/CAI/ao13-0911.pdf | archive-date = 2011-01-08}}</ref> |
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Spacecraft are delivered to this airfield with special flights from Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and other countries (for their preparation and launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome). In 1997–2011, the aerodrome also took passenger service flights carrying the administrative and technical personnel of aerospace industry enterprises. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The airfield was built |
The airfield was built in the early 1980s for the development of the [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]] reusable spacecraft program.<ref name="buran">{{cite web|url=http://buran.ru/htm/pk.htm|website=buran.ru|title=Посадочный комплекс Байконура |trans-title=Landing complex of the Baikonur cosmodrome |access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> The decree establishing the landing complex was adopted in October 1977. The airfield received the name "Jubilee," in connection with the 60th anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]. NPO Molniya was appointed the lead developer of the complex. The 20th Central Design Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense carried out the design.<ref>The reusable space system [[Energia-Buran]]. Moscow: NPP OmV-Luch, 2004. - 356 p.</ref> |
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The decree by the [[Government of the USSR]] on the establishment of a landing complex for the spacecraft [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]] was adopted in October 1977, on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]. The airfield received the name "Jubilee," in connection with this momentous occasion. [[Lightning (NPO)|NPO Molniya]] was designated as the lead developer of the planting complex, and the 20th Central Design Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense carried out the design of the complex objects.<ref>The reusable space system [[Energia-Buran]]. Moscow: NPP OmV-Luch, 2004. - 356 p.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In 1979, crews from 130th Engineering Department began construction on the |
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| ⚫ | In 1979, crews from the 130th Engineering Department began construction on the 4500 x 84 m [[runway]]. The runway used M-600 monolithic high-strength concrete with a thickness of 26–32 cm on a sand-cement foundation with a thickness of 18 to 22 cm. The total excavation volume was about 2 million m<sup>3</sup>. The first facilities were commissioned in November 1981. |
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The first landing on the airfield's [[taxiway]] was made in February 1980 by an [[Mi-8|Mi-8 helicopter]] from the aviation regiment of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, based at the airport "Extreme." The first landing on the airfield's runway occurred on January 29, 1982 by an [[An-26]] from the air regiment [[spaceport]]. The first transportation to Baikonur of elements of the reusable space system “[[Energia]]” - “Buran” by plane ([[VM-T]]) took place on April 8, 1982. |
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The first landing was made in February 1980 by an [[Mi-8|Mi-8 helicopter]] from the aviation regiment of the Baikonur Cosmodrome". On January 29, 1982, an [[An-26]] landed. |
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| ⚫ | The first transportation to Baikonur of elements of the reusable space system “[[Energia (rocket)|Energia]] - Buran” by plane ([[VM-T]]) took place on April 8, 1982. From 1982 to 1990, 59 [[VM-T]] flights were made to deliver large elements of the space complexes "Energy" and [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]]. Buran spacecraft were transported to the [[Ramenskoye (airport)|Ramenskoye]] airfield near Moscow and the units of the Energia launch vehicle - from Izymyanka airfield in Kuibyshev (now [[Samara]]). |
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| ⚫ | In 1995, the need arose to |
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| ⚫ | In 1995, the need arose to support heavy aircraft from the [[United States]], launching US spacecraft under international commercial programs. Yubileyny became [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center|Khrunichev Space Center]], the manufacturer of [[Proton (launch vehicle)|Proton]] heavy launch vehicles. Recruitment for civil aerodrome personnel was initiated. Radio navigation, radio communications, lighting, meteorological and other equipment were updated, and the runway was overhauled. In 1997, these works were completed and the experimental airfield was put into operation. |
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The Yubileiny airfield is one of the memorable places of the cosmodrome “[[Baikonur]]”; During visits to the space center, prominent politicians and leaders of Russian cosmonautics repeatedly arrived here. In particular, he has been here [[Mikhail Gorbachev|M. S. Gorbachev]] (in 1987), [[Vladimir Putin|V. V. Putin]] (in 2005), [[Nursultan Nazarbayev|N. A. Nazarbayev]] (in 1991 and 2005), and in October 2, 1991 a meeting of leaders <ref>[[Boris Yeltsin|B. N. Yeltsin]], [[Kravchuk, Leonid Makarovich|L. M. Kravchuk]], [[Shushkevich, Stanislav Stanislavovich|S. S. Shushkevich]], [[Karimov, Islam Abduganievich|And. A. Karimov]], [[Nursultan Nazarbayev|N. A. Nazarbayev]], [[Gamsakhurdia, Zviad Konstantinovich|Z. K. Gamsakhurdia]], [[Mutalibov, Ayaz Niyazi oglu|A. N. Mutalibov]], [[Snegur, Mircha Ivanovich|M. I. Snegur]], [[Akayev, Askar Akayevich|A. A. Akayev]], [[Nabiyev, Rakhmon Nabiyevich|R. N. Nabiyev]], [[Ter-Petrosyan, Levon Akopovich|L. A. Ter-Petrosyan]], [[Niyazov, Saparmurat Atayevich|S. A. Niyazov]]</ref> from 12 republics of the former [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|USSR]] (only leaders of [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]] and [[Estonia]] were not present)].<ref name="buran2">{{cite web|url=http://www.buran.ru/htm/memory40.htm|title=Воспоминания Cергея Грачева - Парад суверенитетов|website=buran.ru|accessdate=2019-01-18}}</ref> |
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In 2017, the airfield was transferred to the FSUE "[[TsENKI]]". |
From 1997 to 2011, the aerodrome received passenger flights carrying administrative and technical personnel. In 2017, the airfield was transferred to the FSUE "[[TsENKI]]". A reconstruction of the airfield was planned for 2018.<!-- == Terminals and destinations == --> |
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== Geography == |
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The terrain is a slightly wavy [[plain]] (altitude 95–120 m). 4 km northeast of the airfield is Ushkızıl [[mountain]] (altitude 135 m). |
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Flora include wormwood-boylychy (northern) desert. The [[soils]] are brown desert-steppe. 8 km north of the airfield are [[desert|sand]] Darbas. |
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No permanent watercourses and reservoirs are nearby. In the spring, after snowmelt and rain, ''takyr'', small temporary lakes up to 0.5 m deep form. |
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'' For climate description, see the article [[Baikonur]] '' |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{List of airports}} |
{{List of airports}} |
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{{Airports in Kazakhstan}} |
{{Airports in Kazakhstan}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Buran program]] |
[[Category:Buran program]] |
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[[Category:Airports in Kazakhstan]] |
[[Category:Airports in Kazakhstan]] |
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[[Category:Kyzylorda Region]] |
[[Category:Kyzylorda Region]] |
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[[Category:Airports built in the Soviet Union]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:30, 3 July 2022
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| Coordinates | 46°03′N 63°14′E / 46.050°N 63.233°E | ||||||||||
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Yubileyniy (ICAO: UAON, FAA LID: XXX) is an airport in Kyzylorda Oblast, Kazakhstan. It is part of the Baikonur cosmodrome. It sits 40 km north-north-west of Baikonur (at the site of 251 cosmodrome Baikonur) in the desert region of Ushkyzyl.
The airport is leased by Russia from Kazakhstan as part of the “Baikonur” complex. The aerodrome operator is FSUE “TsENKI”.
Yubileyniy airfield supports all types of aircraft, including An-225 "Mriya". The maximum take-off weight is 392 metric tons.[1]
History
[edit]The airfield was built in the early 1980s for the development of the Buran reusable spacecraft program.[2] The decree establishing the landing complex was adopted in October 1977. The airfield received the name "Jubilee," in connection with the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution. NPO Molniya was appointed the lead developer of the complex. The 20th Central Design Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense carried out the design.[3]
In 1979, crews from the 130th Engineering Department began construction on the 4500 x 84 m runway. The runway used M-600 monolithic high-strength concrete with a thickness of 26–32 cm on a sand-cement foundation with a thickness of 18 to 22 cm. The total excavation volume was about 2 million m3. The first facilities were commissioned in November 1981.
The first landing was made in February 1980 by an Mi-8 helicopter from the aviation regiment of the Baikonur Cosmodrome". On January 29, 1982, an An-26 landed.
The first transportation to Baikonur of elements of the reusable space system “Energia - Buran” by plane (VM-T) took place on April 8, 1982. From 1982 to 1990, 59 VM-T flights were made to deliver large elements of the space complexes "Energy" and Buran. Buran spacecraft were transported to the Ramenskoye airfield near Moscow and the units of the Energia launch vehicle - from Izymyanka airfield in Kuibyshev (now Samara).
The airfield belonged to the Ministry of Defense. After 1992, the airfield was abandoned and partially looted.
In 1995, the need arose to support heavy aircraft from the United States, launching US spacecraft under international commercial programs. Yubileyny became Khrunichev Space Center, the manufacturer of Proton heavy launch vehicles. Recruitment for civil aerodrome personnel was initiated. Radio navigation, radio communications, lighting, meteorological and other equipment were updated, and the runway was overhauled. In 1997, these works were completed and the experimental airfield was put into operation.
From 1997 to 2011, the aerodrome received passenger flights carrying administrative and technical personnel. In 2017, the airfield was transferred to the FSUE "TsENKI". A reconstruction of the airfield was planned for 2018.
Geography
[edit]The terrain is a slightly wavy plain (altitude 95–120 m). 4 km northeast of the airfield is Ushkızıl mountain (altitude 135 m).
Flora include wormwood-boylychy (northern) desert. The soils are brown desert-steppe. 8 km north of the airfield are sand Darbas.
No permanent watercourses and reservoirs are nearby. In the spring, after snowmelt and rain, takyr, small temporary lakes up to 0.5 m deep form.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Collection of aeronautical information No. 13 - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan" (PDF). CAI GA. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-08.
- ^ "Посадочный комплекс Байконура" [Landing complex of the Baikonur cosmodrome]. buran.ru. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
- ^ The reusable space system Energia-Buran. Moscow: NPP OmV-Luch, 2004. - 356 p.
