Atractophora hypnoides: Difference between revisions

Atractophora hypnoides
Scientific classification
Clade:	Archaeplastida
Division:	Rhodophyta
Class:	Florideophyceae
Genus:	Atractophora
Species:	A. hypnoides
Binomial name
	Atractophora hypnoides; P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Synonyms
	Naccaria hypnoides (P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) J.Agardh, 1863; Rhododiscus pulcherrimus P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1859

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Atractophora hypnoides is a rare red alga (Rhodophyta) found in the British Isles, France and some Atlantic Islands and is the only species of the genus found in the British Isles. It is attached to the rock (as crustose) or other algae by a small basal disc and is much branched with downgrowing filaments which enclose the main branch or axis forming a cortex. Short filaments of limited growth radiate in whorls from the axis and frequently convert into hairs. The spreading filaments grow irregularly in a diffuse manner. Microscope examination is required for identification.

Botanical description

Atractophora hypnoides is the gametangial, that is the sexual reproductive, phase of this alga, tetransporangia are unknown. The gametangial thallus is erect, red and grows to a length of about 10 cm. In the life cycle the adult, gametangial phase of the plant, produces spermatangia in clusters and carposporophytes which produce carpospores. On release these germinate and develop into the gametangial phase. No tetrasporangial phase is known. (Dixon and Irvine 1977 p. 148)^[2] However tetraspores released from Rhododiscus pulcherrimus when cultured germinated to form spermitangial and carpogonial branches. The vegetative and reproductive development corresponded closely with that described for Atractophora hypnoides.^[3] There are many other similar finely branched algae: Audouinella, Antithamnion, Dasya, Spyridia and others.

Distribution

It is mainly a western species in the British Isles with records from the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, Galway and County Cork in the south of Ireland, a few records from Wales and south-western England. There are only four records from Northern Ireland: County Antrim from Rathlin Island and Loughan Bay and in County Down at Greenore Point and near the entrance of Strangford Lough and five from the Republic of Ireland. It is recorded from several sites in England (counties: Cornwall, Devon and Dorset) and Wales but most often in the western islands of Scotland.^[4] It is also recorded from the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. In Europe it is known from the coasts of France.

Life cycle

The vegetative and reproductive development phase of Atractophora hypnoides as crustose, was known formerly as Rhododiscus pulcherrimus.^[3]^[5]

Habitat

The species grows epiphytically on coralline algae and is to be found only in the sublittoral to 20m depth.^[2]

References

^ "Atractophora hypnoides P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1848". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b Dixon, P.S. and Irvine, L.M. 1977. Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 1. Introduction, Nemalionales, Gigartinales. British Museum (Natural History), London. ISBN 0-565-00781-5
^ ^a ^b Maggs, C.A., Guiry, M.D. and Irvine, L.M. 1983. The life history of an isolate of Rhodiscus pulcerimus (Naccariaceae; Rhodophyta) from Ireland.Abstract of papers read at the winter meeting at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. British Phycological Journal. 18: 206
^ Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2006. A Checklist and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. British Phycological Society, London. ISBN 3-906166-35-X
^ David J. Garbary and G. Robin South (editors)Evolutionary Biogeography of the Marine Algae of the North Atlantic (2013), p. 358, at Google Books

External links

www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=f87d7ba06d9001021

[GBIF-1] "Atractophora hypnoides P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1848". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 16 August 2022.

[Dixon_77-2] Dixon, P.S. and Irvine, L.M. 1977. Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 1. Introduction, Nemalionales, Gigartinales. British Museum (Natural History), London. ISBN 0-565-00781-5

[Maggs_83-3] Maggs, C.A., Guiry, M.D. and Irvine, L.M. 1983. The life history of an isolate of Rhodiscus pulcerimus (Naccariaceae; Rhodophyta) from Ireland.Abstract of papers read at the winter meeting at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. British Phycological Journal. 18: 206

[Hardy_06-4] Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2006. A Checklist and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. British Phycological Society, London. ISBN 3-906166-35-X

[Garbary-5] David J. Garbary and G. Robin South (editors)Evolutionary Biogeography of the Marine Algae of the North Atlantic (2013), p. 358, at Google Books

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of alga}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Speciesbox
 | image = Image from page 434 of "Album général des diatomées marines, d'eau douce ou fossiles - album représentant tous les genres de diatomées et leurs principales espèces" ((190-?)) (17765151990).jpg
-| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
+| genus = Atractophora
+| species = hypnoides
-| unranked_regnum = [[Archaeplastida]]
+| authority = P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
-| divisio = [[Rhodophyta]]
+| synonyms_ref = <ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Atractophora hypnoides P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1848 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/5279856 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=16 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
-| classis = [[Florideophyceae]]
+| synonyms = ''Naccaria hypnoides'' {{small|(P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) J.Agardh, 1863}}<br>
-| ordo = [[Bonnemaisoniales]]
+''Rhododiscus pulcherrimus'' {{small|P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1859}}
-| familia = [[Naccariaceae]]
-| genus = ''[[Atractophora]]''
-| species = '''''A. hynoides'''''
-| binomial = ''Atractophora hypnoides''
-| binomial_authority =
 }}
-'''''Atractophora hypnoides''''' P.L. Crouan & H.M.Crouan is a rare [[red algae|red alga]] ([[red algae|Rhodophyta]]) found in the [[British Isles]], [[France]] and some [[Atlantic]] Islands and is the only species of the genus found in the British Isles. It is attached to the rock or other [[algae]] by a small basal disc and is much branched with downgrowing filaments which enclose the main branch or axis forming a cortex. Short filaments of limited growth radiate in whorls from the axis and frequently convert into hairs. The spreading filaments grow irregularly in a diffuse manner. Microscope examination is required for identification.
+'''''Atractophora hypnoides''''' is a rare [[red algae|red alga]] ([[red algae|Rhodophyta]]) found in the [[British Isles]], [[France]] and some [[Atlantic]] Islands and is the only species of the genus found in the British Isles. It is attached to the rock (as crustose) or other [[algae]] by a small basal disc and is much branched with downgrowing filaments which enclose the main branch or axis forming a cortex. Short filaments of limited growth radiate in whorls from the axis and frequently convert into hairs. The spreading filaments grow irregularly in a diffuse manner. Microscope examination is required for identification.
 ==Botanical description==
 ''Atractophora hypnoides'' is the gametangial, that is the sexual reproductive, phase of this alga, tetransporangia are unknown. The [[gametangium|gametangial]] [[thallus]] is erect, red and grows to a length of about 10&nbsp;cm.
-In the life cycle the adult, gametangial phase of the plant, produces spermatangia in clusters and carposporophytes which produce carpospores. On release these germinate and develop into the gametangial phase.  No tetrasporangial phase is known. (Dixon  and Irvine 1977 p.&nbsp;148)<ref name="Dixon 77">'''Dixon, P.S. and Irvine, L.M.''' 1977. ''Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 1. Introduction, Nemalionales, Gigartinales.'' British Museum (Natural History), London. ISBN 0-565-00781-5</ref> However tetraspores released from ''Rhododiscus pulcherrimus'' when cultured germinated to form spermitangial and carpogonial branches. The vegetative and reproductive development corresponded closely with that described for ''Atractophora hypnoides.''<ref name="Maggs 83">'''Maggs, C.A., Guiry, M.D. and Irvine, L.M.''' 1983. The life history of an isolate of ''Rhodiscus pulcerimus'' (Naccariaceae; Rhodophyta) from Ireland.Abstract of papers read at the winter meeting at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. ''Br. phycol. J.'' '''18''': 206</ref>
+In the life cycle the adult, gametangial phase of the plant, produces spermatangia in clusters and [[carposporophyte]]s which produce [[carpospore]]s. On release these germinate and develop into the gametangial phase.  No tetrasporangial phase is known. (Dixon  and Irvine 1977 p.&nbsp;148)<ref name="Dixon 77">'''Dixon, P.S. and Irvine, L.M.''' 1977. ''Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 1. Introduction, Nemalionales, Gigartinales.'' British Museum (Natural History), London. {{ISBN|0-565-00781-5}}</ref> However tetraspores released from ''Rhododiscus pulcherrimus'' when cultured germinated to form spermitangial and [[carpogonium|carpogonial]] branches. The vegetative and reproductive development corresponded closely with that described for ''Atractophora hypnoides.''<ref name="Maggs 83">'''Maggs, C.A., Guiry, M.D. and Irvine, L.M.''' 1983. The life history of an isolate of ''Rhodiscus pulcerimus'' (Naccariaceae; Rhodophyta) from Ireland.Abstract of papers read at the winter meeting at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. ''British Phycological Journal.'' '''18''': 206</ref>
 There are many other similar finely branched algae: ''[[Audouinella]]'', ''[[Antithamnion]]'', ''Dasya'', ''[[Spyridia]]'' and others.
 ==Distribution==
-It is mainly a western species in the [[British Isles]] with records from the [[Inner Hebrides]] of [[Scotland]], [[Galway]] and [[County Cork]] in the south of [[Ireland]], a few records from [[Wales]] and south-western [[England]]. There are only four records from [[Northern Ireland]]: [[County Antrim]] from [[Rathlin Island]] and Loughan Bay and in [[County Down]] at Greenore Point and near the entrance of [[Strangford Lough]] and five from the [[Republic of Ireland]]. It is recorded from several sites in [[England]] (counties: [[Cornwall]], [[Devon]] and [[Dorset]]) and [[Wales]] but most often in the western islands of [[Scotland]].<ref name="Hardy 06">'''Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D.''' 2006. ''A Checklist and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland.'' British Phycological Society, London. ISBN 3-906166-35-X</ref> It is also recorded from the [[Channel Islands]] and the [[Isle of Man]]. In [[Europe]] it is known from the coasts of [[France]].
+It is mainly a western species in the [[British Isles]] with records from the [[Inner Hebrides]] of [[Scotland]], [[Galway]] and [[County Cork]] in the south of [[Ireland]], a few records from [[Wales]] and south-western [[England]]. There are only four records from [[Northern Ireland]]: [[County Antrim]] from [[Rathlin Island]] and Loughan Bay and in [[County Down]] at Greenore Point and near the entrance of [[Strangford Lough]] and five from the [[Republic of Ireland]]. It is recorded from several sites in [[England]] (counties: [[Cornwall]], [[Devon]] and [[Dorset]]) and [[Wales]] but most often in the western islands of [[Scotland]].<ref name="Hardy 06">'''Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D.''' 2006. ''A Checklist and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland.'' British Phycological Society, London. {{ISBN|3-906166-35-X}}</ref> It is also recorded from the [[Channel Islands]] and the [[Isle of Man]]. In [[Europe]] it is known from the coasts of [[France]].
 ==Life cycle==
-The vegetative and reproductive development of ''Rhododiscus pulcherrimus'' corresponds closely to that described for ''Atractophora hypnoides''.<ref name="Maggs 83"/>
+The vegetative and reproductive development phase of ''Atractophora hypnoides'' as [[crustose]], was known formerly as ''Rhododiscus pulcherrimus''.<ref name="Maggs 83"/><ref name=Garbary> David J. Garbary and G. Robin South (editors){{google books|dvDvCAAAQBAJ|Evolutionary Biogeography of the Marine Algae of the North Atlantic (2013)|page=358}}</ref>
 ==Habitat==
@@ Line 30: / Line 27: @@
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
 *www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=f87d7ba06d9001021
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q4817496}}
 [[Category:Bonnemaisoniales]]