Echea: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Acoustic_jar]] {{R from merge}} |
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An '''echea''' or ''sounding vase'' (literally ''echoer'')<ref name="Information1974">{{cite book|author=Reed Business Information|title=New Scientist|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pCkprha8oIAC&pg=PA552|accessdate=6 May 2013|date=21 November 1974|publisher=Reed Business Information|pages=552–|issn=0262-4079}}</ref> is a pot, chamber or vessel that is similar in function to a modern-day [[bass trap]]. They were originally used in ancient Greek theaters to enhance the voices of performers by resonance.<ref name="BrittonArchaeology"> |
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{{cite book |
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|author=[[John Britton (antiquarian)|John Britton]], [[John Le Keux]], [[George Godwin]] |
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|title=A Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the Middle Ages |
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|publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans |
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|year=1838 |
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|page=118 |
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|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vO5PbV1ppbAC |
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}}</ref><ref name="AcousticalPrimer"> |
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{{cite web |
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|title=Ready Acoustics, Acoustical Primer |
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|url=http://www.readyacoustics.com/index.php?go=acoustics-advice.acoustics-primer |
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|accessdate =2008-04-05 |
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}}</ref> They were usually made of bronze, but could also be earthenware if necessary for economic reasons.<ref name="BirchAncientPottery"> |
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{{cite book |
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|last=Birch |
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|first=Samuel |
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|title=History of Ancient Pottery |
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|publisher=J Murray |
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|date=1858 |
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|pages=321 |
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|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vO5PbV1ppbAC |
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}}</ref> |
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Echea were placed with a "due regard to the laws and harmony of physics" according to the Roman writer [[Vitruvius]]. The number of echea used and their positioning depended on the size and shape of the theatre.<ref name="BrittonArchaeology" /> The vases operated by resonance, enhancing key frequencies of the performers' voices and absorbing those of the audience, thereby changing the sound in the theatre to make voices clearer and more lush.<ref name="AcousticalPrimer" /> |
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Both thier use in Roman times and usefulness at any point have been debated, as by Thomas Noble Howe who wrote in his commentary on Virtuvius' ''Ten Books on Architecture'': "These vessels, bronze or clay, may be another example of Vitruvius singling out a highly technical feature of Greek architecture that was uncommon, but between eight and sixteen potential sites with evidence of echea have been identified. It is debatable whether such vessels amplified or deadened sound."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vitruvius|editor1-last=Howe|editor1-first=Thomas Noble|title=Ten Books on Architecture|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-521-00292-9|page=245|edition=9th Printing}}</ref> |
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Similar devices have been used in early churches, and some were discovered in the vaulted ceiling of the choir of [[Strasbourg Cathedral]], and in [[mosque]]s dating back to the 11th century.<ref name="BrittonArchaeology" /><ref name="AcousticalPrimer" /> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Vyzg2CAoP7UC The Ten Books on Architecture, by Vitruvius, p171-173] |
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[[Category:Ancient Roman culture]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Greek pot shapes]] |
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{{Archaeology-stub}} |
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{{Hist-stub}} |
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{{physics-stub}} |
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{{AncientGreece-stub}} |
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{{AncientRome-stub}} |
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