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'''Luftflotte 5'''<ref>For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see [[Luftwaffe Organisation]]</ref> (Air Fleet 5) was one of the primary divisions of the German [[Luftwaffe]] in [[World War II]]. It was formed 12 April 1940 in [[Hamburg]] for the invasion of Norway. |
'''Luftflotte 5'''<ref>For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see [[Luftwaffe Organisation]]</ref> (Air Fleet 5) was one of the primary divisions of the German [[Luftwaffe]] in [[World War II]]. It was formed 12 April 1940 in [[Hamburg]] for the invasion of Norway. |
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It transferred to [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] on 24 April 1940 and was the organization responsible for Luftwaffe activity in [[Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany|Occupied Norway]] throughout the Second World War. |
It transferred to [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] on 24 April 1940 and was the organization responsible for Luftwaffe activity in [[Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany|Occupied Norway]] throughout the Second World War. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Luftflotte 5 was responsible for German air operations during the invasion of [[Norway]], and for the defence of the occupied territory thereafter. |
Luftflotte 5 was responsible for German air operations during the invasion of [[Norway]], and for the defence of the occupied territory thereafter. It was divided into various operational formations, governing air forces, and into Air Districts (''Luftgau'') controlling ground forces and facilities. |
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It was divided into various operational formations, governing air forces, and into Air Districts (''Luftgau'') controlling ground forces and facilities. |
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In 1940, for the invasion, its main air asset was ''[[10th Air Corps (Germany)| |
In 1940, for the invasion, its main air asset was ''[[10th Air Corps (Germany)|Fliegerkorps X]]'', a formation comprising four bomber and one fighter [[Wing (military aviation unit)|wing]]s (''Geschwader'') together with air support forces. With the conclusion of the Norwegian campaign Fliegerkorps X was moved to other theatres (first to the [[Battle of Britain]], then to the [[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean Sea]]). |
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On 15 August 1940 the ''Luftwaffe'' mounted the largest number of sorties of the [[Battle of Britain]]. ''Luftflotte'' 5 attacked the north of England. Believing Fighter Command strength to be concentrated in the south, raiding forces from [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]] ran into unexpectedly strong resistance. Inadequately escorted by [[Messerschmitt Bf 110|Bf 110]]s, bombers were shot down in large numbers. North East England was attacked by 65 [[Heinkel He 111]]s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt Bf 110s, and [[RAF Driffield]] was attacked at midday by 50 unescorted [[Junkers Ju 88]]s. Out of 115 bombers and 35 fighters sent, 16 bombers and 7 fighters were destroyed.<ref>[http://www.battleofbritain1940.net/document-32.html Document 32], Battle of Britain Historical Society.</ref> As a result of these casualties, ''Luftflotte'' 5 did not appear in strength again in the campaign. |
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⚫ | After the invasion of Norway air operations came under ''Fliegerführer (Ff) Nord'', an ad hoc formation of assigned squadrons (''Staffel'') and groups (''Gruppe''). From June 1941 fighter forces in Norway came under the separate command of ''[[Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen]]''. Total forces amounted to three fighter groups and one bomber group, with attached night fighter and fighter bomber squadrons plus auxiliaries. |
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On the ground Luftflotte 5's assets were administered by a single air district, ''Luftgau Kommando(LgK) Norwegen'', with subordinate commands operating airfields around [[Oslo]], [[Kristiansand]], [[Bergen]], and [[Stavanger]] in the south, [[Trondheim]], in the centre, and [[Narvik]] and [[Kirkenes]] in the north of the country. |
On the ground Luftflotte 5's assets were administered by a single air district, ''Luftgau Kommando(LgK) Norwegen'', with subordinate commands operating airfields around [[Oslo]], [[Kristiansand]], [[Bergen]], and [[Stavanger]] in the south, [[Trondheim]], in the centre, and [[Narvik]] and [[Kirkenes]] in the north of the country. |
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In 1941, with the [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion]] of the [[Soviet Union]] and the entry of [[Finland]] [[Continuation War|into the war]] as |
In 1941, with the [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion]] of the [[Soviet Union]] and the entry of [[Finland]] [[Continuation War|into the war]] as Germany's ally, a second air district was formed (''LgK Finnland'') around [[Rovaniemi]], to co-ordinate German air activity on the northern front and [[Operation Silberfuchs]]. |
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In June 1942 ''Ff Nord'' was divided into three separate commands; ''Ff Nord West'' ("North (West)"), organized from Trondheim; ''Ff Lofoten'' operating from the [[Lofoten|Lofoten Islands]] against Allied convoys to [[Murmansk]] and the Soviet arctic ports; and ''Ff Nord Ost'' ("North (East)"), supporting Army operations against Murmansk and the northern front. In the summer of 1942 ''Ff Lofoten'' was reinforced with two bomber groups formed specifically for maritime operations. |
In June 1942 ''Ff Nord'' was divided into three separate commands; ''Ff Nord West'' ("North (West)"), organized from Trondheim; ''Ff Lofoten'' operating from the [[Lofoten|Lofoten Islands]] against Allied convoys to [[Murmansk]] and the Soviet arctic ports; and ''Ff Nord Ost'' ("North (East)"), supporting Army operations against Murmansk and the northern front. In the summer of 1942 ''Ff Lofoten'' was reinforced with two bomber groups formed specifically for maritime operations. |
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In 1944 these formations were reorganized again; ''Nord Ost'' became, briefly ''Ff Eismeer'' before becoming ''Ff 3''; ''Nord West'' became ''Ff 4''; and ''Lofoten'' became ''Ff 5''. |
In 1944 these formations were reorganized again; ''Nord Ost'' became, briefly ''Ff Eismeer'' before becoming ''Ff 3''; ''Nord West'' became ''Ff 4''; and ''Lofoten'' became ''Ff 5''. |
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On the ground ''LgK Norwegen'' became ''Kommandierende General der Luftwaffe (K.G.) in Norwegen'', covering ground and air formations in Norway, while ''LgK Finnland'' became ''K.G. Finnland'', with a similar remit in Finland and, later, northern Norway. |
On the ground ''LgK Norwegen'' became ''Kommandierende General der Luftwaffe (K.G.) in Norwegen'', covering ground and air formations in Norway, while ''LgK Finnland'' became ''K.G. Finnland'', with a similar remit in Finland and, later, northern Norway. |
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As the war progressed however these organizations became increasingly irrelevant as German forces were forced to retreat and their air strength diminished. By the end of World War II they existed largely on paper. |
As the war progressed however these organizations became increasingly irrelevant as German forces were forced to retreat and their air strength diminished. By the end of World War II they existed largely on paper. |
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luftflotte 5 was put up against fortification |
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==Commanding officers== |
==Commanding officers== |
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* Generalfeldmarschall [[Erhard Milch]], 12 April 1940 – 9 May 1940 |
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[[File:Chef einer Luftflotte Version 1.svg|thumb|right|Flag for the Chief of a Luftflotte]] |
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* |
* Generaloberst [[Hans-Jürgen Stumpff]], 10 May 1940 – 27 November 1943 |
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*Generaloberst [[Hans-Jürgen Stumpff]], 10 May 1940 - 27 November 1943 |
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===Chief of staff=== |
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*Oberst Dr. Robert Knauss, 12 April 1940 - 16 April 1940 |
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*Generalmajor Helmuth Förster, 16 April 1940 - 9 May 1940 |
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*Generalmajor Dr. Robert Knauss, 9 May 1940 - 1 August 1940 |
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*Oberst Gerhard Bassenge, 1 August 1940 - 5 October 1940 |
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*Generalmajor Andreas Nielsen, 20 October 1940 - 31 December 1943 |
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*Oberst Ernst Kusserow, 1 January 1944 - 16 September 1944 |
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==Subordinated units== |
==Subordinated units== |
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color:red width:10 |
color:red width:10 |
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bar:VL5 from:01/06/1944 till:30/09/1944 text:Verbindungsstaffel/Luftflotte 5 |
bar:VL5 from:01/06/1944 till:30/09/1944 text:Verbindungsstaffel/Luftflotte 5 |
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bar:10FK from:01/04/1940 till:31/12/1940 text: |
bar:10FK from:01/04/1940 till:31/12/1940 text:[[10th Air Corps (Germany)|X. Fliegerkorps]] |
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bar:GEN from:02/11/1943 till:16/09/1944 text:Komm. General der Deutschen Luftwaffe in Finnland |
bar:GEN from:02/11/1943 till:16/09/1944 text:Komm. General der Deutschen Luftwaffe in Finnland |
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bar:FFN from:01/03/1941 till:30/06/1942 text:Fliegerführer Nord |
bar:FFN from:01/03/1941 till:30/06/1942 text:Fliegerführer Nord |
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;Notes |
;Notes |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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;References |
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* [http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Gliederungen/Luftflotten/Luftflotte5.htm Luftflotte 5 @ Lexikon der Wehrmacht] |
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* [http://www.ww2.dk/air/hq/lfl5.htm Luftflotte 5 @ The Luftwaffe, 1933-45] |
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{{Luftflotten}} |
{{Luftflotten}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:German Air Fleets in World War II]] |
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[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1940]] |
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1940]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1944]] |
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[[fr:Luftflotte 5]] |
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[[ja:第5航空艦隊 (ドイツ空軍)]] |
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[[no:Luftflotte 5]] |
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[[pt:Luftflotte 5]] |
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[[tr:Luftflotte 5]] |
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[[zh:第5航空艦隊 (德國空軍)]] |
Latest revision as of 22:43, 24 October 2022
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2016) |
Luftflotte 5[1] (Air Fleet 5) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. It was formed 12 April 1940 in Hamburg for the invasion of Norway. It transferred to Oslo, Norway on 24 April 1940 and was the organization responsible for Luftwaffe activity in Occupied Norway throughout the Second World War.
History
[edit]Luftflotte 5 was responsible for German air operations during the invasion of Norway, and for the defence of the occupied territory thereafter. It was divided into various operational formations, governing air forces, and into Air Districts (Luftgau) controlling ground forces and facilities.
In 1940, for the invasion, its main air asset was Fliegerkorps X, a formation comprising four bomber and one fighter wings (Geschwader) together with air support forces. With the conclusion of the Norwegian campaign Fliegerkorps X was moved to other theatres (first to the Battle of Britain, then to the Mediterranean Sea).
On 15 August 1940 the Luftwaffe mounted the largest number of sorties of the Battle of Britain. Luftflotte 5 attacked the north of England. Believing Fighter Command strength to be concentrated in the south, raiding forces from Denmark and Norway ran into unexpectedly strong resistance. Inadequately escorted by Bf 110s, bombers were shot down in large numbers. North East England was attacked by 65 Heinkel He 111s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt Bf 110s, and RAF Driffield was attacked at midday by 50 unescorted Junkers Ju 88s. Out of 115 bombers and 35 fighters sent, 16 bombers and 7 fighters were destroyed.[2] As a result of these casualties, Luftflotte 5 did not appear in strength again in the campaign.
After the invasion of Norway air operations came under Fliegerführer (Ff) Nord, an ad hoc formation of assigned squadrons (Staffel) and groups (Gruppe). From June 1941 fighter forces in Norway came under the separate command of Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen. Total forces amounted to three fighter groups and one bomber group, with attached night fighter and fighter bomber squadrons plus auxiliaries.
On the ground Luftflotte 5's assets were administered by a single air district, Luftgau Kommando(LgK) Norwegen, with subordinate commands operating airfields around Oslo, Kristiansand, Bergen, and Stavanger in the south, Trondheim, in the centre, and Narvik and Kirkenes in the north of the country.
In 1941, with the invasion of the Soviet Union and the entry of Finland into the war as Germany's ally, a second air district was formed (LgK Finnland) around Rovaniemi, to co-ordinate German air activity on the northern front and Operation Silberfuchs.
In June 1942 Ff Nord was divided into three separate commands; Ff Nord West ("North (West)"), organized from Trondheim; Ff Lofoten operating from the Lofoten Islands against Allied convoys to Murmansk and the Soviet arctic ports; and Ff Nord Ost ("North (East)"), supporting Army operations against Murmansk and the northern front. In the summer of 1942 Ff Lofoten was reinforced with two bomber groups formed specifically for maritime operations.
In 1944 these formations were reorganized again; Nord Ost became, briefly Ff Eismeer before becoming Ff 3; Nord West became Ff 4; and Lofoten became Ff 5.
On the ground LgK Norwegen became Kommandierende General der Luftwaffe (K.G.) in Norwegen, covering ground and air formations in Norway, while LgK Finnland became K.G. Finnland, with a similar remit in Finland and, later, northern Norway.
As the war progressed however these organizations became increasingly irrelevant as German forces were forced to retreat and their air strength diminished. By the end of World War II they existed largely on paper.
Commanding officers
[edit]- Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch, 12 April 1940 – 9 May 1940
- Generaloberst Hans-Jürgen Stumpff, 10 May 1940 – 27 November 1943
- General Josef Kammhuber, 27 November 1943 – 16 September 1944
Subordinated units
[edit]References
[edit]- Notes
- ^ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organisation
- ^ Document 32, Battle of Britain Historical Society.