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Coordinates: 50°03′N 05°55′W / 50.050°N 5.917°W / 50.050; -5.917
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{{About|the Norwegian First World War cargo ship||Vigrid (disambiguation)}}
{{About|the Norwegian First World War cargo ship||Vigrid (disambiguation)}}
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{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
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{{Infobox Ship Career
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|Ship namesake=[[Vígríðr]] - the large field foretold to host a battle between the forces of the [[Æsir|Norse gods]] and the forces of the [[jötunn]] [[Surtr]] as part of the events of [[Ragnarök]].
|Ship namesake=[[Vígríðr]] - the large field foretold to host a battle between the forces of the [[Æsir|Norse gods]] and the forces of the [[jötunn]] [[Surtr]] as part of the events of [[Ragnarök]].
|Ship renamed=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship owner=[[Anton Barth von der Lippe]] (1915-1917)<br>''D/S A/S Vigrid'' (1917)
|Ship owner=*[[Anton Barth von der Lippe]] (1915–1917)
*''D/S A/S Vigrid'' (1917)
|Ship operator=
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=[[Tønsberg]] (1915-1917)<br>[[Bergen]] (1917)
|Ship registry=*[[Tønsberg]] (1915–1917)
*[[Bergen]] (1917)
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|Ship in service=
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|Ship out of service=
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|Ship identification=[[Code letters]]:<br>MLRT<br>{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Romeo}}{{ICS|Tango}}
|Ship identification=*[[Code letters]]:
*MLRT
*{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Romeo}}{{ICS|Tango}}
|Ship fate=Torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat [[SM U-95|''U-95'']] on 31 December 1917
|Ship fate=Torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat [[SM U-95|''U-95'']] on 31 December 1917
|Ship status=
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}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
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|Ship class=
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|Ship type=[[Cargo ship]]
|Ship type=[[Cargo ship]]
|Ship tonnage=1,617
|Ship tonnage=*{{GRT|1,617}}
*{{NRT|951}}
|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length={{convert|74.5|m|ft|}}
|Ship length={{convert|74.5|m|ft||abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|11.5|m|ft|}}
|Ship beam={{convert|11.5|m|ft||abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|15.8|ft|m|}}
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'''SS ''Vigrid''''' was a Norwegian steam powered cargo ship built in 1915. Sailing during the [[World War I|First World War]], she was torpedoed and sunk without warning by a [[German Empire|German]] [[U-boat]] on 31 December 1917.
'''SS ''Vigrid''''' was a Norwegian steam-powered cargo ship built in 1915. Sailing during the [[World War I|First World War]], she was torpedoed and sunk [[Unrestricted submarine warfare|without warning]] by a [[German Empire|German]] [[U-boat]] on 31 December 1917.


==Construction==
==Construction==
A 1,617 gross tonnes (951 net tonnes) vessel, she was built by the shipyard ''[[Bergens Mekaniske Verksted]]'' in the [[Western Norway|Western Norwegian]] port city of [[Bergen]] with yard number 191, being launched on 29 October 1915 and completed the next month.<ref name=aftaft>{{cite news|title=Bergensdamperen "Vigrid" sænket nytaarsaften |date=2 January 1918 |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |page=1 |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name=Miramar>{{cite Miramar|id=5603975 | shipname=Vigrid |accessdate=6 June 2011}}</ref> ''Vigrid'' was powered by a single triple-expansion 885 ihp steam turbine engine. She measured {{convert|74.5|m|ft}} [[Length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|11.5|m|ft}} and a draught of {{convert|15.8|ft|m}}. After completion she was assigned the [[code letters]] MLRT.<ref name=Miramar/><ref name=forlis>{{Cite web|last=Tandberg |first=Arne |title=Norske skipsforlis i 1917 |url=http://www.skipet.no/skipsforlis/forlislister/1917.doc |format=[[.doc]] |publisher=Norwegian Shipping History Society |accessdate=6 June 2011 |language=Norwegian}}</ref>
A 1,617 [[Gross register tonnage|gross register tons]] (951 [[Net register tonnage|net register tons]]) vessel, she was built by the shipyard ''[[Bergens Mekaniske Verksted]]'' in the [[Western Norway|Western Norwegian]] port city of [[Bergen]]. Having yard number 191, she was launched on 29 October 1915 and completed the next month.<ref name=aftaft>{{cite news|title=Bergensdamperen "Vigrid" sænket nytaarsaften |date=2 January 1918 |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]] |page=1 |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name=Miramar>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5603975|shipname=Vigrid |access-date=6 June 2011}}</ref> ''Vigrid'' was powered by a single triple-expansion 885 ihp steam turbine engine. She measured {{convert|74.5|m|ft}} [[Length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|11.5|m|ft}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|15.8|ft|m}}. After completion she was assigned the [[code letters]] MLRT.<ref name=Miramar/><ref name=forlis>{{Cite web |last=Tandberg |first=Arne |title=Norske skipsforlis i 1917 |url=http://www.skipet.no/skipsforlis/forlislister/1917.doc |format=[[.doc]] |publisher=Norwegian Shipping History Society |access-date=6 June 2011 |language=Norwegian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727163601/http://www.skipet.no/skipsforlis/forlislister/1917.doc |archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref>


==First World War==
==First World War==
''Vigrid'' sailed during the First World War, with H.M. Jensen as her [[Captain (nautical)|captain]]. She belonged to the company of ship-broker [[Anton Barth von der Lippe]] in the port city [[Tønsberg]], until she was bought by ship-broker Johan Waage's company ''D/S A/S Vigrid'' of Bergen in August 1917.<ref name=aftaft/><ref name=uboat>{{Cite web|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|title=Ships hit during WWI: Steamer Vigrid |url=http://www.uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/ship.html?shipID=6334 |work= |publisher=Uboat.net |accessdate=6 June 2011}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Anton Barth von der Lippe would later acquire another ship of the same name, MS ''Vigrid''. She was built by the [[Weimar Republic|German]] shipyard ''[[Deutsche Werft]]'' in [[Hamburg]] as MS ''Titania'', before being bought by the shipping company ''Bruun & von der Lippes Rederi'' in 1937 and renamed ''Vigrid''. She was sold later in 1937, and sunk as part of the [[World War II|Second World War]] convoy [[HX convoys|HX-133]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite web|first=Siri Holm |last=Lawson |url=http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/vigrid.html |title=M/S Vigrid |date=28 January 2010 |publisher=Warsailors.com |accessdate=3 June 2011}}</ref>|group=Note}}
''Vigrid'' sailed during the First World War, with H.M. Jensen as her [[Captain (nautical)|captain]]. She belonged to the company of ship-broker [[Anton Barth von der Lippe]] in the port city [[Tønsberg]], until she was bought by ship-broker Johan Waage's company ''D/S A/S Vigrid'' of Bergen in August 1917.<ref name=aftaft/><ref name=uboat>{{Cite Uboat.net
|name=Steamer Vigrid
|id=6334
|type=1ship
|access-date=6 June 2011
}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Anton Barth von der Lippe would later acquire another ship of the same name, MS ''Vigrid''. She was built by the [[Weimar Republic|German]] shipyard ''[[Deutsche Werft]]'' in [[Hamburg]] as MS ''Titania'', before being bought by the shipping company ''Bruun & von der Lippes Rederi'' in 1937 and renamed ''Vigrid''. She was sold later in 1937, and sunk as part of the [[World War II|Second World War]] convoy [[HX convoys|HX-133]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite web|first=Siri Holm |last=Lawson |url=http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/vigrid.html |title=M/S Vigrid |date=28 January 2010 |publisher=Warsailors.com |access-date=3 June 2011}}</ref>|group=Note}}

⚫
Although Norway remained officially neutral throughout the First World War, her large fleet of merchant ships, over 2,000 strong, [[The Neutral Ally|served a vital role]] in keeping the United Kingdom with supplies. The Norwegian merchant navy suffered heavy losses to German U-boats during the war, losing close to half its ships, with an official death toll of 1,892 sailors.{{sfn|Hermansen|2008|pp=109–111, 117}}{{sfn|Derry|1952|p=5}}
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[[File:German Submarine War Zone Announced 1 February 1917.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|{{center|The shaded areas show the unrestricted submarine warfare zone announced by Germany on 1 February 1917. ''Vigrid'' was sunk in the [[English Channel]], well within the zone.}}]]


⚫
Although Norway remained officially neutral throughout the First World War, her large fleet of merchant ships, over 2,000 strong, served a vital role in keeping the United Kingdom with supplies. The Norwegian merchant navy suffered heavy losses to German U-boats during the war, losing close to half its ships, with a official death toll of 1,892 sailors.{{sfn|Hermansen|2008|pp=109–111, 117}}{{sfn|Derry|1952|p=5}}
⚫
[[File:German Submarine War Zone Announced 1 February 1917.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|<center>The shaded areas show the unrestricted submarine warfare zone announced by Germany on 1&nbsp;February 1917. ''Vigrid'' was sunk in the [[English Channel]], well within the zone.</center>]]
===Sinking===
===Sinking===
{{Also|U-boat Campaign (World War I)}}
{{See also|U-boat Campaign (World War I)}}
On 31 December 1917 she was attacked and torpedoed without warning by the German U-boat [[SM U-95|''U-95'']], commanded by ''[[Captain Lieutenant|Kapitänleutnant]]'' [[Athalwin Prinz]]. ''U-95'' belonged to the ''[[IV Flottille]]'' U-boat unit. ''Vigrid'' sank in the [[English Channel]] some ten nautical miles west-north-west of Rundelstone Buoy, at {{Coord|50|03||N|05|55||W|display=inline,title}}. At the time of her sinking, she was en route from the port of [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry]] in [[Wales]] to [[Rouen]] in [[France]] with a cargo of 2,102 tons of [[coal]].<ref name=forlis/><ref name=uboat/><ref name=uboat2>{{Cite web|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|title=WWI U-boats: U 95 |url=http://www.uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=95 |work= |publisher=Uboat.net |accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> Five members of the crew were lost, while the captain and thirteen other crewmen survived the loss of the ship and landed at [[Penzance]] in [[Cornwall]]. Three of the sailors lost on ''Vigrid'' were Swedish citizens, the other two Norwegians.<ref name=uboat/><ref name=aftaft/>
On 31 December 1917 she was attacked and torpedoed without warning by the German U-boat {{SMU|U-95||2}}, commanded by ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' [[Athalwin Prinz]]. ''U-95'' belonged to the German [[IV Flottille|4th U-boat Flotilla]]. ''Vigrid'' sank in the [[English Channel]] some {{convert|10|nmi|km}} west-north-west of Rundelstone Buoy, at {{Coord|50|03||N|05|55||W|display=inline,title}}. At the time of her sinking, she was ''en route'' from the port of [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry]] in [[Wales]] to [[Rouen]] in [[France]] with a cargo of 2,102 tons of [[coal]].<ref name=forlis/><ref name=uboat/><ref name=uboat2>{{Cite Uboat.net
|name=U 95
|id=95
|type=1sub
|access-date=7 June 2011
}}</ref> Five members of the crew were lost, while the captain and thirteen other crewmen survived the loss of the ship and landed at [[Penzance]] in [[Cornwall]]. Three of the sailors lost on ''Vigrid'' were Swedish citizens, the other two Norwegians.<ref name=aftaft/><ref name=uboat/>


===Aftermath===
===Aftermath===
On 16 January 1918, 16 days after sinking ''Vigrid'', ''U-95'' was lost with all 36 crew members to unknown causes near [[Hardelot]] in France. Before being lost, ''U-95'' had managed to sink a total of 14 ships and damaging another three vessels during the course of the six patrols she carried out in her career.<ref name=uboat2/>
On 16 January 1918, 16 days after sinking ''Vigrid'', ''U-95'' was lost with all 36 crew members to unknown causes near [[Hardelot]] in France. Before being lost, ''U-95'' had managed to sink a total of 14 ships and damage another three vessels during the course of the six patrols she carried out in her career.<ref name=uboat2/>


==References==
==References==
;Notes
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

;Citations
===Citations===
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
⚫
;Bibliography

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==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book| last=Derry| first=T.K. |authorlink=Thomas Kingston Derry | editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler| year=1952 | edition=1st | title=The campaign in Norway| series=History of the Second World War: Campaigns Series | location=London | publisher=[[HMSO|Her Majesty's Stationery Office]] | isbn= |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-NWE-Norway/ |ref={{SfnRef|Derry|1952}}}}
* {{Cite book| last=Derry| first=T.K. | editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler| year=1952 | edition=1st | title=The campaign in Norway| series=History of the Second World War: Campaigns Series | location=London | publisher=[[HMSO|Her Majesty's Stationery Office]] |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-NWE-Norway/}}
* {{cite book |title=Hardt Styrbord: Glimt fra norsk sjøkrigshistorie |editor-last=Hermansen |editor-first=Max |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2008 |publisher=Sjømilitære Samfunds forlag |location=Oslo |isbn=978-82-997703-0-9 |url= |accessdate= |language=Norwegian |ref={{SfnRef|Hermansen|2008}}}}
* {{cite book |title=Hardt Styrbord: Glimt fra norsk sjøkrigshistorie |editor-last=Hermansen |editor-first=Max |year=2008 |publisher=Sjømilitære Samfunds forlag |location=Oslo |isbn=978-82-997703-0-9 |language=Norwegian}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{December 1917 shipwrecks}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Vigrid}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vigrid}}
[[Category:Ships built in Norway]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bergen]]
[[Category:Steamships of Norway]]
[[Category:Steamships of Norway]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel]]
[[Category:1915 ships]]
[[Category:1915 ships]]

Latest revision as of 08:33, 1 November 2022

This article is about the Norwegian First World War cargo ship. For other uses, see Vigrid (disambiguation).

History
Norway
NameVigrid
NamesakeVígríðr - the large field foretold to host a battle between the forces of the Norse gods and the forces of the jötunn Surtr as part of the events of Ragnarök.
Owner
Port of registry
BuilderBergens Mekaniske Verksted in Bergen, Norway
Yard number191
Launched29 October 1915
Identification
FateTorpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat U-95 on 31 December 1917
General characteristics
TypeCargo ship
Tonnage
Length74.5 m (244 ft)
Beam11.5 m (38 ft)
Draught15.8 ft (4.8 m)
Installed power885 ihp
PropulsionTriple-expansion steam engine

SS Vigrid was a Norwegian steam-powered cargo ship built in 1915. Sailing during the First World War, she was torpedoed and sunk without warning by a German U-boat on 31 December 1917.

Construction

[edit]

A 1,617 gross register tons (951 net register tons) vessel, she was built by the shipyard Bergens Mekaniske Verksted in the Western Norwegian port city of Bergen. Having yard number 191, she was launched on 29 October 1915 and completed the next month.[1][2] Vigrid was powered by a single triple-expansion 885 ihp steam turbine engine. She measured 74.5 metres (244 ft) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 11.5 metres (38 ft) and a draught of 15.8 feet (4.8 m). After completion she was assigned the code letters MLRT.[2][3]

First World War

[edit]

Vigrid sailed during the First World War, with H.M. Jensen as her captain. She belonged to the company of ship-broker Anton Barth von der Lippe in the port city Tønsberg, until she was bought by ship-broker Johan Waage's company D/S A/S Vigrid of Bergen in August 1917.[1][4][Note 1]

Although Norway remained officially neutral throughout the First World War, her large fleet of merchant ships, over 2,000 strong, served a vital role in keeping the United Kingdom with supplies. The Norwegian merchant navy suffered heavy losses to German U-boats during the war, losing close to half its ships, with an official death toll of 1,892 sailors.[6][7]

The shaded areas show the unrestricted submarine warfare zone announced by Germany on 1 February 1917. Vigrid was sunk in the English Channel, well within the zone.

Sinking

[edit]
See also: U-boat Campaign (World War I)

On 31 December 1917 she was attacked and torpedoed without warning by the German U-boat U-95, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Athalwin Prinz. U-95 belonged to the German 4th U-boat Flotilla. Vigrid sank in the English Channel some 10 nautical miles (19 km) west-north-west of Rundelstone Buoy, at 50°03′N 05°55′W / 50.050°N 5.917°W / 50.050; -5.917. At the time of her sinking, she was en route from the port of Barry in Wales to Rouen in France with a cargo of 2,102 tons of coal.[3][4][8] Five members of the crew were lost, while the captain and thirteen other crewmen survived the loss of the ship and landed at Penzance in Cornwall. Three of the sailors lost on Vigrid were Swedish citizens, the other two Norwegians.[1][4]

Aftermath

[edit]

On 16 January 1918, 16 days after sinking Vigrid, U-95 was lost with all 36 crew members to unknown causes near Hardelot in France. Before being lost, U-95 had managed to sink a total of 14 ships and damage another three vessels during the course of the six patrols she carried out in her career.[8]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Anton Barth von der Lippe would later acquire another ship of the same name, MS Vigrid. She was built by the German shipyard Deutsche Werft in Hamburg as MS Titania, before being bought by the shipping company Bruun & von der Lippes Rederi in 1937 and renamed Vigrid. She was sold later in 1937, and sunk as part of the Second World War convoy HX-133 in 1941.[5]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Bergensdamperen "Vigrid" sænket nytaarsaften". Aftenposten Aften (in Norwegian). 2 January 1918. p. 1.
  2. ^ a b "Vigrid (5603975)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  3. ^ a b Tandberg, Arne. "Norske skipsforlis i 1917" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Shipping History Society. Archived from the original (.doc) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  4. ^ a b c Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Steamer Vigrid". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  5. ^ Lawson, Siri Holm (28 January 2010). "M/S Vigrid". Warsailors.com. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  6. ^ Hermansen 2008, pp. 109–111, 117.
  7. ^ Derry 1952, p. 5.
  8. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 95". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 June 2011.

Bibliography

[edit]
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