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{{Short description|Bulk carrier}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image = Berge stahl 1024.JPG
|Ship image = Berge stahl 1024.JPG
|Ship caption = ''Berge Stahl'' had been the world's largest bulk carrier until 2011}}
|Ship caption = ''Berge Stahl''}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship name = ''Berge Stahl''
|Ship name =
* ''Berge Stahl'' (1986-2021)
* ''Geostahl'' (since 2021)
|Ship owner =*1986–2008: Partrederiet Bergesen GOIC DA
|Ship owner =*1986–2008: Partrederiet Bergesen GOIC DA
*2008–2009: Bergesen D.Y. Shipping AS
*2008–2009: Bergesen D.Y. Shipping AS
*2009–2012: BW Bulk (Norway) AS
*2009–2012: BW Bulk (Norway) AS
*2012: Berge Stahl Company S.A. (under Berge Bulk) <ref name="dnv" />
*2012: Berge Stahl Company S.A. (under Berge Bulk)<ref name="dnv" />
|Ship operator =*1986–2008: Bergesen Worldwide Gas ASA
|Ship operator =*1986–2008: Bergesen Worldwide Gas ASA
*2008–2012: BW Fleet Management Pte. Ltd.<ref name="dnv" />
*2008–2012: BW Fleet Management Pte. Ltd.<ref name="dnv" />
*Since 2012: Berge Bulk
*Since 2012: Berge Bulk
|Ship registry =*1986–2011: [[Stavanger]] {{flag|Norway}}
|Ship registry =*1986–2011: [[Stavanger]] {{flag|Norway}}
*Since 2011: [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] {{Flag|Isle of Man}}
*2011–2021: [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] {{Flag|Isle of Man}}
*since 2021: {{Flag|Comoros}}
|Ship route =
|Ship route =
Brazil to Oman
Brazil to Oman
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*{{IMO Number|8420804}}
*{{IMO Number|8420804}}
*{{MMSI|235089333}}
*{{MMSI|235089333}}
|Ship fate = Active
|Ship fate = Scrapped [[Gadani]] July 2021
|Ship notes =}}
|Ship notes =}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Ship capacity =
|Ship capacity =
|Ship crew = 24
|Ship crew = 24
|Ship notes = <ref name="dnv">{{DNV|title=Deepwater Discovery|id=14702|accessdate=4 June 2010}}</ref>}}
|Ship notes = <ref name="dnv">{{DNV|title=Berge Stahl|id=14702|accessdate=4 June 2010}}</ref>}}
|}
|}


'''MS ''Berge Stahl''''' is a [[bulk carrier]]. Until the delivery of [[MS Vale Brasil|MS ''Vale Brasil'']] in 2011 she was the [[list of world's longest ships|longest]] and [[very large ore carrier|largest iron ore carrier]] in the world.<ref>{{DNV|id=30616|title=Vale Brasil|accessdate=11 June 2011}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2016}} She is registered in [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], [[Isle of Man]]. Before that, she was registered in [[Stavanger]], [[Norway]] as well as in [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]].
'''MS ''Berge Stahl''''' was a [[bulk carrier]]. Until the delivery of [[MS Vale Brasil|MS ''Vale Brasil'']] in 2011 she was the [[list of world's longest ships|longest]] and [[very large ore carrier|largest iron ore carrier]] in the world.<ref>{{DNV|id=30616|title=Vale Brasil|accessdate=11 June 2011}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2016}} She was registered in [[Comoros]]. Before that, she was registered in [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]], [[Isle of Man]], [[Stavanger]], [[Norway]] as well as in [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]].


An [[iron ore]] carrier, ''Berge Stahl'' has a capacity of {{DWT|364,767|metric|disp=long}} . She was built in 1986 by [[Hyundai Heavy Industries]].<ref name="dnv"/><ref>[http://www.manbw.com/files/news/filesof5479/5510-0007-00ppr.pdf ''"Propulsion Trends in Bulk Carriers"''] MAN Diesel Group – retrieved: 12 April 2007 ([[Adobe Acrobat]] *.pdf document)</ref> The vessel is {{convert|342.08|m|0|abbr=on}} long, had a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]], or width, of {{convert|63.5|m|0|abbr=on}}, and a [[Draft (hull)|draft]], or depth in the water, of {{convert|23|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="dnv"/>
An [[iron ore]] carrier, ''Berge Stahl'' had a capacity of {{DWT|364,767|metric|disp=long}} . She was built in 1986 by [[Hyundai Heavy Industries]].<ref name="dnv"/><ref>[http://www.manbw.com/files/news/filesof5479/5510-0007-00ppr.pdf ''"Propulsion Trends in Bulk Carriers"''] MAN Diesel Group – retrieved: 12 April 2007 ([[Adobe Acrobat]] *.pdf document)</ref> The vessel was {{convert|342.08|m|0|abbr=on}} long, had a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]], or width, of {{convert|63.5|m|0|abbr=on}}, and a [[Draft (hull)|draft]], or depth in the water, of {{convert|23|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="dnv"/>


Her [[MAN B&W Diesel|MAN]] B&W 7L90MCE [[diesel engine]] is {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}} high, drives a single {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}} propeller, and puts out 27,610 horsepower (20.59 MW). The ship has a top speed of {{convert|13.5|kn}}, and has a {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}} [[rudder]].<ref name="dnv"/>
Her [[MAN B&W Diesel|MAN]] B&W 7L90MCE [[diesel engine]] drove a single {{convert|9|m|abbr=on}} propeller giving a top speed of {{convert|13.5|kn}}.<ref name="dnv"/>
{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}}

She is currently owned by the [[Singapore|Singaporean-operated]] shipping company [http://www.bergebulk.com/ Berge Bulk].<ref name="dnv"/>


Because of its massive size, ''Berge Stahl'' could originally only tie up, fully loaded, at two ports in the world, hauling ore from the [[Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira]] in [[Brazil]] to the [[Europoort]] near [[Rotterdam]] in the [[Netherlands]]. Even at these ports, passage must be timed to coincide with high tides to prevent the ship running aground. ''Berge Stahl'' made this trip about ten times each year, or a round-trip about every five weeks.<ref>[http://www.machinesupport.com/english/news-6.html ''"Machine Support services on world's largest dry bulk carrier"''] Machine Support News</ref>
Because of its massive size, ''Berge Stahl'' could originally only tie up, fully loaded, at two ports in the world, hauling ore from the [[Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira]] in [[Brazil]] to the [[Europoort]] near [[Rotterdam]] in the [[Netherlands]]. Even at these ports, passage must be timed to coincide with high tides to prevent the ship running aground. ''Berge Stahl'' made this trip about ten times each year, or a round-trip about every five weeks.<ref>[http://www.machinesupport.com/english/news-6.html ''"Machine Support services on world's largest dry bulk carrier"''] Machine Support News</ref>


The newly opened deep-water iron ore wharf at [[Port of Tangshan|Caofeidian]] in China received the fully loaded ''Berge Stahl'' in October 2011,<ref>{{citation |url=http://news.yzdsb.com.cn/system/2011/10/31/011473512.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426025440/http://news.yzdsb.com.cn/system/2011/10/31/011473512.shtml |archive-date=26 April 2012 |title=曹妃甸港首次接卸30万吨以上铁矿石巨轮 |date=31 October 2011}}</ref> and several other Chinese ports have since opened to receive Vale's even larger [[Valemax]] ships. ''Berge Stahl'' can operate from other ports if not fully loaded. In September 2006, the ship carried ore to the port of [[Majishan]], [[China]], where it was dry-docked and given its twenty-year inspection.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061025213643/http://www.cnsphoto.com/English/ShowNewsDetailEn.asp?Flag=WN&ID=4292 ''"Largest bulk cargo ship in the world comes to China"''] – CNSPhoto.com – 7 September 2006</ref> On the return voyage to Rotterdam, the ship picked up a partial load of ore in [[Dampier, Western Australia|Dampier]], [[Western Australia]], and [[Saldanha Bay]] in [[South Africa]] (where the maximum draft permitted is 21 m).<ref>{{cite web | title=Media Miss Once-Off South African Visit by Berge Stahl | url=http://www.capeports.co.za/files/PP%2020061227.pdf | work=The Cape Times | date=27 December 2006 | accessdate=3 July 2010 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725205016/http://www.capeports.co.za/files/PP%2020061227.pdf | archivedate=25 July 2011 }}</ref> In April 2014, the ''Berge Stahl'' received her very last [[Dry dock|dry-docking]], in [[Portugal]].<ref name="Berge Stahl">{{cite web | author= | title=Berge Stahl | url=http://www.bergebulk.com/our-fleet/berge-stahl/ | work=Berge Bulk Website | date= 18 December 2017 | accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref> The owner [http://www.bergebulk.com Berge Bulk] announced that the thirty-year-old vessel performed her last voyage to Rotterdam in the autumn of 2016. She was then headed for dry dock, where she was refitted before commencing a new contract transporting iron ore from the [[Port of Tubarão]] in [[Brazil]] to [[Sohar]], [[Oman]].<ref name="Berge Stahl"/>
The newly opened deep-water iron ore wharf at [[Port of Tangshan|Caofeidian]] in China received the fully loaded ''Berge Stahl'' in October 2011,<ref>{{citation |url=http://news.yzdsb.com.cn/system/2011/10/31/011473512.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426025440/http://news.yzdsb.com.cn/system/2011/10/31/011473512.shtml |archive-date=26 April 2012 |title=曹妃甸港首次接卸30万吨以上铁矿石巨轮 |date=31 October 2011}}</ref> and several other Chinese ports have since opened to receive Vale's even larger [[Valemax]] ships. ''Berge Stahl'' can operate from other ports if not fully loaded. In September 2006, the ship carried ore to the port of [[Majishan]], [[China]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061025213643/http://www.cnsphoto.com/English/ShowNewsDetailEn.asp?Flag=WN&ID=4292 ''"Largest bulk cargo ship in the world comes to China"''] – CNSPhoto.com – 7 September 2006</ref> On the return voyage to Rotterdam, the ship picked up a partial load of ore in [[Dampier, Western Australia|Dampier]], [[Western Australia]], and [[Saldanha Bay]] in [[South Africa]] (where the maximum draft permitted is 21 m).<ref>{{cite web | title=Media Miss Once-Off South African Visit by Berge Stahl | url=http://www.capeports.co.za/files/PP%2020061227.pdf | work=Cape Times | date=27 December 2006 | accessdate=3 July 2010 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725205016/http://www.capeports.co.za/files/PP%2020061227.pdf | archivedate=25 July 2011 }}</ref> In April 2014, the ''Berge Stahl'' received her last [[Dry dock|dry-docking]], in [[Portugal]].<ref name="Berge Stahl">{{cite web | title=Berge Stahl | url=http://www.bergebulk.com/our-fleet/berge-stahl/ | work=Berge Bulk Website | date= 18 December 2017 | accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref> The owner, Berge Bulk, announced that the thirty-year-old vessel performed her last voyage to Rotterdam in the autumn of 2016. She was then headed for dry dock, where she was refitted before commencing a new contract transporting iron ore from the [[Port of Tubarão]] in [[Brazil]] to [[Sohar]], [[Oman]].<ref name="Berge Stahl"/>

== A trip from Brazil to The Netherlands ==
[[File:Berge Stahl, Holland 08-Jul-2006, photo-4.jpg|thumb|''MS Berge Stahl'' with [[Bergesen Worldwide Gas]] at the [[Port of Rotterdam]], Holland in July 2006]]
[[File:Berge Stahl in new colours pic27, Port of Rotterdam, Holland 19-Apr-2007.jpg|thumb|''MS Berge Stahl'' with [[BW Fleet Management Pte. Ltd]] at the Port of Rotterdam, Holland in April 2007]]
[[File:BergeBulk Berge Stahl - IMO 8420804 - Callsign LATO2 at Port of Rotterdam photo-2.JPG|thumb|''MS Berge Stahl'' with [[Berge Bulk]] at the Port of Rotterdam, Holland in June 2011]]
{{unsourced section|date=February 2019}}
===Brazil===
To load the ship in Brazil cargo trains transport ore from the mines of [[Vale (mining company)|Vale]] via a 900&nbsp;km rail to the ''Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira''. Every day seven trains, each with 204 [[freight car]]s and four [[locomotive]]s, bring ore from the mines to the port. When the ''Berge Stahl'' arrives in port it takes some 35 hours to load the ship. Once full it sails to [[Rotterdam]] in about 14 days.

And at least one time per year she took [[Vitória, Brazil|Vitória]] in [[Port of Tubarão]] (last call in 22/2 December, 010) for load maximum 300,000 tons (draft about 21 meters) of iron ore for Asia (Japan or China).

===Arriving in Rotterdam===
When the ship passes [[Cherbourg]] in [[France]] it starts to slow down. On some 60&nbsp;km before arrival the ship takes two [[Maritime pilot|pilots]] on board via helicopter. The pilots assist the captain in sailing through the deep water route named the [[Eurogeul]]. At 20&nbsp;km before Rotterdam the ship again decreases speed and enters the Maasgeul leading to Rotterdam. The passage of the Maasgeul can only be made during specific times, based on the [[tide]] and also the weather; if the ship misses her slot, she has to wait 12 hours for the next possible passage.

To pass through the [[Maasgeul]] the ship can not be loaded to capacity as her draught would then be 23 meters while the minimal depth of the Maasgeul is 24 meters, since if the ship leans over to one side at an angle of only 3° then she lies 1.65 meters deeper in the water. For this reason the ''Berge Stahl'' can only be loaded with 354,000 tonnes (while she can carry 364,768 tonnes).

When the ''Berge Stahl'' passes the [[Maascenter]] buoy she is escorted by a patrol ship of the [[Port of Rotterdam]]. On passing the piers four tugboats connect to the ship to help her slow down and to dock her at the EECV terminal. For docking a harbour pilot comes on board.

Once docked it takes some 3.5 days to transfer all the ore into barges. These barges bring the ore to the steel-mills of [[Thyssen Krupp]] and HKM in the [[Ruhr]] in [[Germany]].


In July 2021 the ship was beached at [[Gadani ship-breaking yard]] and scrapped.
===Return trip===
During unloading of the ship the [[ballast tank]]s are filled with 118,000 tons water. During her return voyage 20% of this ballast is pumped overboard after passing the [[Gulf of Biscay]] as the risk of bad weather decreases and the ship will use less fuel when she carries less ballast (which decreases her [[Draft (hull)|draught]]). During the return voyage the cargo area is painted to prevent wear. The return trip takes approximately 11 days.


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of ship launches in 1986]]
* [[List of the world's longest ships]]
* [[Berge Fjord]]
*[[List of longest ships]]
*[[List of longest ships]]
*[[TI-class supertanker]]
*[[TI-class supertanker]]
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Berge Stahl (ship, 1986)}}
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/bulkers/id192.htm Technical information and image gallery aukevisser.nl ]
* [http://www.aukevisser.nl/supertankers/bulkers/id192.htm Technical information and image gallery aukevisser.nl ]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070223055406/http://www.vanwensveen.nl/rotterdam/images/rtd_photos/rtd060.jpg Image of MS ''Berge Stahl'' in port]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070223055406/http://www.vanwensveen.nl/rotterdam/images/rtd_photos/rtd060.jpg Image of MS ''Berge Stahl'' in port]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Berge Stahl}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Berge Stahl}}
[[Category:Active merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:BW Group]]
[[Category:BW Group]]
[[Category:Bulk carriers]]
[[Category:1986 ships]]
[[Category:1986 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Group]]
[[Category:Ships built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Group]]

Latest revision as of 05:10, 2 November 2022

Berge Stahl
History
Name
  • Berge Stahl (1986-2021)
  • Geostahl (since 2021)
Owner
  • 1986–2008: Partrederiet Bergesen GOIC DA
  • 2008–2009: Bergesen D.Y. Shipping AS
  • 2009–2012: BW Bulk (Norway) AS
  • 2012: Berge Stahl Company S.A. (under Berge Bulk)[1]
Operator
  • 1986–2008: Bergesen Worldwide Gas ASA
  • 2008–2012: BW Fleet Management Pte. Ltd.[1]
  • Since 2012: Berge Bulk
Port of registry
RouteBrazil to Oman Previously Brazil to Rotterdam
Builder
Laid down14 March 1986[1]
Launched4 September 1986[1]
Completed4 December 1986[1]
Identification
FateScrapped Gadani July 2021
General characteristics
TypeBulk carrier (Ore carrier)[2]
Tonnage
  • 175,720 GT
  • 364,767 DWT
Length342.08 m (1,122.3 ft)[1]
Beam63.53 m (208.4 ft)[1]
Draught23 m (75 ft)
Installed powerHyundai 7L90MCE
PropulsionSingle shaft; 9 m (30 ft) fixed pitch propeller
Speed13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph)
Crew24
Notes[1]

MS Berge Stahl was a bulk carrier. Until the delivery of MS Vale Brasil in 2011 she was the longest and largest iron ore carrier in the world.[3][failed verification] She was registered in Comoros. Before that, she was registered in Douglas, Isle of Man, Stavanger, Norway as well as in Monrovia, Liberia.

An iron ore carrier, Berge Stahl had a capacity of 364,767 tonnes deadweight (DWT) . She was built in 1986 by Hyundai Heavy Industries.[1][4] The vessel was 342.08 m (1,122 ft) long, had a beam, or width, of 63.5 m (208 ft), and a draft, or depth in the water, of 23 m (75 ft).[1]

Her MAN B&W 7L90MCE diesel engine drove a single 9 m (30 ft) propeller giving a top speed of 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph).[1]

Because of its massive size, Berge Stahl could originally only tie up, fully loaded, at two ports in the world, hauling ore from the Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira in Brazil to the Europoort near Rotterdam in the Netherlands. Even at these ports, passage must be timed to coincide with high tides to prevent the ship running aground. Berge Stahl made this trip about ten times each year, or a round-trip about every five weeks.[5]

The newly opened deep-water iron ore wharf at Caofeidian in China received the fully loaded Berge Stahl in October 2011,[6] and several other Chinese ports have since opened to receive Vale's even larger Valemax ships. Berge Stahl can operate from other ports if not fully loaded. In September 2006, the ship carried ore to the port of Majishan, China.[7] On the return voyage to Rotterdam, the ship picked up a partial load of ore in Dampier, Western Australia, and Saldanha Bay in South Africa (where the maximum draft permitted is 21 m).[8] In April 2014, the Berge Stahl received her last dry-docking, in Portugal.[9] The owner, Berge Bulk, announced that the thirty-year-old vessel performed her last voyage to Rotterdam in the autumn of 2016. She was then headed for dry dock, where she was refitted before commencing a new contract transporting iron ore from the Port of Tubarão in Brazil to Sohar, Oman.[9]

In July 2021 the ship was beached at Gadani ship-breaking yard and scrapped.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Berge Stahl (14702)". Vessel Register for DNV. DNV. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  2. ^ Equasis
  3. ^ "Vale Brasil (30616)". Vessel Register for DNV. DNV. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
  4. ^ "Propulsion Trends in Bulk Carriers" MAN Diesel Group – retrieved: 12 April 2007 (Adobe Acrobat *.pdf document)
  5. ^ "Machine Support services on world's largest dry bulk carrier" Machine Support News
  6. ^ 曹妃甸港首次接卸30万吨以上铁矿石巨轮, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 26 April 2012
  7. ^ "Largest bulk cargo ship in the world comes to China" – CNSPhoto.com – 7 September 2006
  8. ^ "Media Miss Once-Off South African Visit by Berge Stahl" (PDF). Cape Times. 27 December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Berge Stahl". Berge Bulk Website. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
[edit]
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