Lutjanus agennes: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=October 2017}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = FMIB 45823 Lutjanus agennes.jpeg |
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| status = DD |
| status = DD |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name |
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=de Morais, L. |author2=Sidibé, A. |author3=Nunoo, F. |author4=Carpenter, K.E. |author5=Camara, K. |author6=Djiman, R. |author7=Sagna, A. |author8=Sylla, M. |author9=Williams, A.B. |author10=Montiero, V. |author11=Lindeman, K. |author12=Quartey, R. |date=2015 |title=''Lutjanus agennes'' |volume=2015 |page=e.T194332A2313414 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194332A2313414.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| taxon = Lutjanus agennes |
| taxon = Lutjanus agennes |
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| authority = [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1863 |
| authority = [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1863 |
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'''''Lutjanus agennes''''', the '''African red snapper''', is a [[species]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Lutjanidae]], the snappers. It is native to the coastal [[Atlantic]] waters of [[Africa]]. |
'''''Lutjanus agennes''''', the '''African red snapper''', '''Guinean snapper''' or '''African cubera snapper''', is a [[species]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Lutjanidae]], the snappers. It is native to the coastal [[Atlantic]] waters of [[Africa]]. |
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== Taxonomy == |
== Taxonomy == |
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''Lutjanus agennes'' was first formally described in 1863 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with the type locality given as “Ashantee in Guinea”.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus| genus = Lutjanus | access-date = 27 May 2021}}</ref> Bleeker did not explain the derivation of the specific name but it may be from ''agenes'', which means “of low family”, possibly a reference to its similarity to ''[[Lutjanus endecacanthus|L. modestus]]'', the name ''modestus'' meaning the “modest or unassuming one”.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ | title = Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 5 January 2021 | access-date = 24 May 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref> Bleeker also described ''L. modestus'' in 1863 and it is not clear whether this is a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of this species or ''[[Lutjanus endecacanthus|L. endecacanthus]]''.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
''Lutjanus agennes'' was first formally [[Species description|described]] in 1863 by the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[physician]], [[herpetologist]] and [[ichthyologist]] Pieter Bleeker with the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as “Ashantee in Guinea”.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus| genus = Lutjanus | access-date = 27 May 2021}}</ref> Bleeker did not explain the derivation of the [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] but it may be from ''agenes'', which means “of low family”, possibly a reference to its similarity to ''[[Lutjanus endecacanthus|L. modestus]]'', the name ''modestus'' meaning the “modest or unassuming one”.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ | title = Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 5 January 2021 | access-date = 24 May 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref> Bleeker also described ''L. modestus'' in 1863 and it is not clear whether this is a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of this species or ''[[Lutjanus endecacanthus|L. endecacanthus]]''.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
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== Description == |
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''Lutjanus agennes'' has a relatively deep body with a pointed snout and a rather angular forehead. The mouth extends back to below the centre of the eye. The [[vomerine teeth]] are arranged in a triangular patch which may have a posterior extension. The incision and the knob on the [[preoperculum]] are not well developed.<ref name = FAO>{{cite book | author = [[Gerald R. Allen]] | year = 1985 | title = FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date | pages = 53–54 | publisher = FAO Rome | isbn = 92-5-102321-2 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/ac481e/ac481e13.pdf}}</ref> The [[dorsal fin]] has 10 spines and 13–14 soft rays while the [[anal fin]] contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The overall colour is reddish brown to slightly orange on the back and upper flanks, shading to pink or whitish on lower flanks and abdomen. The tips of the [[pelvic fin]]s are rather darks from there is no blue line on the cheeks. The juveniles are marked with 6 to 8 vertical rows of small white spots or slender bars on their flanks. This fish attains a maximum [[total length]] of {{cvt|139|cm}}, although {{cvt|50|cm}} is more typical, and the maximum published weight is {{cvt|60|kg}}.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
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== Distribution and habitat == |
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''Lutjanus agennes'' is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it occurs along the western coast of Africa from Senegal to Angola, it also occurs in the [[Cape Verde Islands]] and the islands of the [[Gulf of Guinea]]. It occurs from the surface down to {{cvt|80|m}},<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> over rock substrates and reefs. It can also be found in brackish lagoons and estuaries, particularly juveniles.<ref name = FAO/> |
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== Biology == |
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''Lutjanus agennes'', like other snappers, is predatory and feeds mainly on fishes and crustaceans. This species may form large [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]] aggregations away from the coasts, in the open sea. Larger individuals have been observed by fishermen to congregate in large numbers in areas of rocky reefs to spawn. It is thought that the West African snapper is a long lived species with a lifespan which may exceed 20 years.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> |
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== Fisheries and conservation == |
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''Lutjanus agennes'' is an important fish for fisheries throughout its range, especially for subsistence fisheries, and it is caught using handlines and fixed bottom nets. The catch is normally sold fresh.<ref name = FAO/> It is also caught commercially and the commercial catch is both consumed internally in West Africa, especially in the Gulf of Guinea and Cape Verde. Some of the catch from Ghana and Senegal is exported to Europe. This species is taken in mixed catch fisheries, and no separate catch statistics available. Potential spawning aggregations are thought to be being targeted in at least one part of its range. In spite of the fishing pressure the African red snapper appears to be common, juveniles are not caught throughout the range of this species. There is some evidence of overfishing as the size of the fish caught is declining in some areas. An example of this is in Ghana where the average catch sizes are no greater than {{cvt|60|cm}}. The [[IUCN]] has listed as [[Data Deficient]] as there is a paucity of information. They suggest that this species should be carefully monitored, as fishing practices in the region, in conjunction modelling results predict that there has been major reduction in the overall biomass of the stocks of this species, and they suggest that it may qualify to be assessed as [[Near Threatened]] or worse when more data becomes available.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> It is a quarry species for recreational [[Angling|anglers]] in some parts of its range.<ref name = Gambia>{{cite web | url = http://www.african-angling.co.uk/Snappers.htm | title = Snappers Saltwater Fish Species of The Gambia | access-date = 29 May 2021 | website = African Angler, Fishing adventures in The Gambia, West Africa}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Lutjanus|agennes]] |
[[Category:Lutjanus|agennes]] |
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[[Category:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1863]] |
[[Category:Fish described in 1863]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker]] |
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{{perciformes-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 19:49, 2 November 2022
| Lutjanus agennes | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Lutjanidae |
| Genus: | Lutjanus |
| Species: | L. agennes
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| Binomial name | |
| Lutjanus agennes Bleeker, 1863
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Lutjanus agennes, the African red snapper, Guinean snapper or African cubera snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lutjanidae, the snappers. It is native to the coastal Atlantic waters of Africa.
Taxonomy
[edit]Lutjanus agennes was first formally described in 1863 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with the type locality given as “Ashantee in Guinea”.[3] Bleeker did not explain the derivation of the specific name but it may be from agenes, which means “of low family”, possibly a reference to its similarity to L. modestus, the name modestus meaning the “modest or unassuming one”.[4] Bleeker also described L. modestus in 1863 and it is not clear whether this is a synonym of this species or L. endecacanthus.[2]
Description
[edit]Lutjanus agennes has a relatively deep body with a pointed snout and a rather angular forehead. The mouth extends back to below the centre of the eye. The vomerine teeth are arranged in a triangular patch which may have a posterior extension. The incision and the knob on the preoperculum are not well developed.[5] The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 13–14 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The overall colour is reddish brown to slightly orange on the back and upper flanks, shading to pink or whitish on lower flanks and abdomen. The tips of the pelvic fins are rather darks from there is no blue line on the cheeks. The juveniles are marked with 6 to 8 vertical rows of small white spots or slender bars on their flanks. This fish attains a maximum total length of 139 cm (55 in), although 50 cm (20 in) is more typical, and the maximum published weight is 60 kg (130 lb).[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Lutjanus agennes is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it occurs along the western coast of Africa from Senegal to Angola, it also occurs in the Cape Verde Islands and the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. It occurs from the surface down to 80 m (260 ft),[1] over rock substrates and reefs. It can also be found in brackish lagoons and estuaries, particularly juveniles.[5]
Biology
[edit]Lutjanus agennes, like other snappers, is predatory and feeds mainly on fishes and crustaceans. This species may form large spawning aggregations away from the coasts, in the open sea. Larger individuals have been observed by fishermen to congregate in large numbers in areas of rocky reefs to spawn. It is thought that the West African snapper is a long lived species with a lifespan which may exceed 20 years.[1]
Fisheries and conservation
[edit]Lutjanus agennes is an important fish for fisheries throughout its range, especially for subsistence fisheries, and it is caught using handlines and fixed bottom nets. The catch is normally sold fresh.[5] It is also caught commercially and the commercial catch is both consumed internally in West Africa, especially in the Gulf of Guinea and Cape Verde. Some of the catch from Ghana and Senegal is exported to Europe. This species is taken in mixed catch fisheries, and no separate catch statistics available. Potential spawning aggregations are thought to be being targeted in at least one part of its range. In spite of the fishing pressure the African red snapper appears to be common, juveniles are not caught throughout the range of this species. There is some evidence of overfishing as the size of the fish caught is declining in some areas. An example of this is in Ghana where the average catch sizes are no greater than 60 cm (24 in). The IUCN has listed as Data Deficient as there is a paucity of information. They suggest that this species should be carefully monitored, as fishing practices in the region, in conjunction modelling results predict that there has been major reduction in the overall biomass of the stocks of this species, and they suggest that it may qualify to be assessed as Near Threatened or worse when more data becomes available.[1] It is a quarry species for recreational anglers in some parts of its range.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d de Morais, L.; Sidibé, A.; Nunoo, F.; Carpenter, K.E.; Camara, K.; Djiman, R.; Sagna, A.; Sylla, M.; Williams, A.B.; Montiero, V.; Lindeman, K.; Quartey, R. (2015). "Lutjanus agennes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T194332A2313414. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194332A2313414.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lutjanus Lutjanus agennes". FishBase. February 2021 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Lutjanus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ a b c Gerald R. Allen (1985). FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date (PDF). FAO Rome. pp. 53–54. ISBN 92-5-102321-2.
- ^ "Snappers Saltwater Fish Species of The Gambia". African Angler, Fishing adventures in The Gambia, West Africa. Retrieved 29 May 2021.