Western lesser bamboo lemur: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of lemur}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Western lesser bamboo lemur |
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| image_width = 200px |
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| image = Hapalemur occidentalis.jpg |
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| status = VU |
| status = VU |
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| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=9678|title=Hapalemur occidentalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref> |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Eppley, T.M. |author2=Razafindramanana, J. |author3=Borgerson, C. |author4=Patel, E. |author5=Louis, E.E. |date=2020 |title=''Hapalemur occidentalis'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T9678A115565375 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9678A115565375.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| status2 = CITES_A1 |
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| status2_system = CITES |
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| phylum = [[Chrodate|Chordata]] |
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| status2_ref = <ref name=CITES/> |
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| classis = [[Mammal]]ia |
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| ordo = [[Primate]]s |
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| familia = [[Lemuridae]] |
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| range_map = Hapalemur occidentalis range map.svg |
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| range_map_caption = Distribution of ''H. occidentalis''<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> |
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| binomial_authority = ([[Yves Rumpler|Rumpler]], 1975) |
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| range_map = Western Lesser Bamboo Lemur area.png |
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| range_map_caption = Western Lesser Bamboo Lemur range |
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The '''Western Lesser Bamboo Lemur''' ('''''Hapalemur occidentalis'''''), also known as the '''Northern Bamboo Lemur''' and '''Western Gentle Lemur''', is species of [[bamboo lemur]] endemic to [[Madagascar]]. The total length of this [[primate]] is 55–67 [[centimeter]]s, more than half of which is tail, and average weight is just under 1 [[kilogram]].<ref name="mitt">{{cite book|title=Lemurs of Madagascar, Second Edition|author=Mittermeier, Russell, et al.|year=2006|page=220}}</ref> It lives in several discontinuous areas in northern and western Madagascar, including [[Ankarana]] and [[Analamerana]] in the north, [[Sambirano]] and the [[Ampasindava Peninsula]] in the northwest, and various areas in the west between the [[Mahavany River|Mahavany]] and [[Tsiribihina River]]s.<ref name="mitt" /> |
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The '''western lesser bamboo lemur''' ('''''Hapalemur occidentalis'''''), also known as the '''northern bamboo lemur''', '''western gentle lemur''', or '''Sambirano lesser bamboo lemur''',<ref name=mdd>{{cite web |title=Mammal Diversity Database |date=2019 |url=http://www.mammaldiversity.org |website=mammaldiversity.org |publisher=American Society of Mammalologists |access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref> is a species of [[bamboo lemur]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]]. |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Description== |
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The total length of this [[primate]] is {{convert|55|–|67|cm|in|abbr=on}}, more than half of which is tail, and average weight is just under {{convert|1|kg|lb}}.<ref name="mitt">{{cite book|title=Lemurs of Madagascar|edition=Second|author=Mittermeier, Russell|year=2006|page=220|display-authors=etal}}</ref> |
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==Distribution== |
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It lives in several discontinuous areas in northern and western Madagascar including [[Ankarana]] and [[Analamerana]] in the north, [[Sambirano]] and the [[Ampasindava Peninsula]] in the north-west, and various areas in the west between the [[Mahavany River|Mahavany]] and [[Tsiribihina River]]s.<ref name="mitt" /><ref>{{cite book | last = Wilson | first = Jane | title = Lemurs of the Lost World: exploring the forests and Crocodile Caves of Madagascar | year = 1995 | publisher = Impact, London | isbn = 978-1-874687-48-1 | pages = 216 }}</ref> This lemur has been reported from eight national parks ([[Ankarafantsika National Park|Ankarana]], [[Baie de Baly National Park|Baie de Baly]], [[Mananara Nord National Park|Mananara-Nord]], [[Marojejy National Park|Marojejy]], [[Masoala National Park|Masoala]], [[Sahamalaza National Park|Sahamalaza-Iles Radama]], [[Tsingy de Namoroka Strict Nature Reserve|Tsingy de Namoroka]] and [[Zahamena National Park|Zahamena]]), two strict nature reserves ([[Tsaratanana Reserve|Tsaratanana]] and [[Zahamena Reserve|Zahamena]]), and eight special reserves ([[Ambatovaky Reserve|Ambatovaky]], [[Analamerana Reserve|Analamerana]], [[Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve|Anjanaharibe-Sud]], [[Bemarivo Reserve|Bemarivo]], [[Kasijy Reserve|Kasijy]], [[Maningoza Reserve|Maningoza]], [[Manongarivo Reserve|Manongarivo]], and [[Manongarivo Reserve|Marotandrano]]).<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> |
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==Ecology== |
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Preferred habitat is dry deciduous forest and humid forest which have areas of [[bamboo]] and bamboo vines; but they can exist in stands of bamboo surrounded by rice fields and other agricultural land. Lives in groups of six individuals and tends to be active at night. Females have a gestation period of 137 to 140 days and give birth, usually to one infant, from October through to January. Food includes fruit, [[liana]] flowers and bamboo. Bamboo species include ''[[Dendrocalamus giganteus]]'', ''[[Ochlandra capitata]]'' and ''[[Phyllostachys aurea]]''. |
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It co-exists with other species of lemurs.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> |
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==Status== |
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{{lemur-stub}} |
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This species is listed by the [[CITES|Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species]] of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) on [[CITES#Appendix I|Appendix 1]] and the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) categorise this species as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=CITES>{{cite web | url = http://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search/scientific_name=Hapalemur | title = Checklist of CITES Species | website = CITES | publisher = UNEP-WCMC | access-date = 18 March 2015}}</ref> As long as there is some bamboo, the western lesser bamboo lemur is able survive in a degraded habitat. Burning the forest for livestock pasture is the major concern for this species as well as charcoal production and mining in [[Ankarana]]. In [[Makira]] hunting with firearms, machetes and [[slingshots]] occurs.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> There are eighteen individuals in European zoos.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> |
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[[de:Westlicher Bambuslemur]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[es:Hapalemur occidentalis]] |
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[[eu:Hapalemur occidentalis]] |
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[[ko:서부작은대나무여우원숭이]] |
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[[it:Hapalemur occidentalis]] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q962570}} |
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[[sr:Hapalemur occidentalis]] |
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[[Category:Endemic fauna of Madagascar]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Madagascar]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Yves Rumpler]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:00, 7 November 2022
| Western lesser bamboo lemur | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Strepsirrhini |
| Family: | Lemuridae |
| Genus: | Hapalemur |
| Species: | H. occidentalis
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| Binomial name | |
| Hapalemur occidentalis | |
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| Distribution of H. occidentalis[1] | |
The western lesser bamboo lemur (Hapalemur occidentalis), also known as the northern bamboo lemur, western gentle lemur, or Sambirano lesser bamboo lemur,[4] is a species of bamboo lemur endemic to Madagascar.
Description
[edit]The total length of this primate is 55–67 cm (22–26 in), more than half of which is tail, and average weight is just under 1 kilogram (2.2 lb).[5]
Distribution
[edit]It lives in several discontinuous areas in northern and western Madagascar including Ankarana and Analamerana in the north, Sambirano and the Ampasindava Peninsula in the north-west, and various areas in the west between the Mahavany and Tsiribihina Rivers.[5][6] This lemur has been reported from eight national parks (Ankarana, Baie de Baly, Mananara-Nord, Marojejy, Masoala, Sahamalaza-Iles Radama, Tsingy de Namoroka and Zahamena), two strict nature reserves (Tsaratanana and Zahamena), and eight special reserves (Ambatovaky, Analamerana, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Bemarivo, Kasijy, Maningoza, Manongarivo, and Marotandrano).[1]
Ecology
[edit]Preferred habitat is dry deciduous forest and humid forest which have areas of bamboo and bamboo vines; but they can exist in stands of bamboo surrounded by rice fields and other agricultural land. Lives in groups of six individuals and tends to be active at night. Females have a gestation period of 137 to 140 days and give birth, usually to one infant, from October through to January. Food includes fruit, liana flowers and bamboo. Bamboo species include Dendrocalamus giganteus, Ochlandra capitata and Phyllostachys aurea. It co-exists with other species of lemurs.[1]
Status
[edit]This species is listed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) on Appendix 1 and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorise this species as vulnerable.[1][2] As long as there is some bamboo, the western lesser bamboo lemur is able survive in a degraded habitat. Burning the forest for livestock pasture is the major concern for this species as well as charcoal production and mining in Ankarana. In Makira hunting with firearms, machetes and slingshots occurs.[1] There are eighteen individuals in European zoos.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Eppley, T.M.; Razafindramanana, J.; Borgerson, C.; Patel, E.; Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9678A115565375. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9678A115565375.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ "Mammal Diversity Database". mammaldiversity.org. American Society of Mammalologists. 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ a b Mittermeier, Russell; et al. (2006). Lemurs of Madagascar (Second ed.). p. 220.
- ^ Wilson, Jane (1995). Lemurs of the Lost World: exploring the forests and Crocodile Caves of Madagascar. Impact, London. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-874687-48-1.