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{{italic}}
{{Mercadante operas}}{{italic}}'''''I briganti''''' is an 1836 opera by [[Saverio Mercadante]] for the Théâtre-Italien in Paris, based on [[Schiller]]’s ''[[Die Räuber]]''.<ref> Donizetti and His Operas - Page 233 0521276632
[[File:Saverio Mercadante by Cefaly.jpg|thumb|[[Saverio Mercadante]] ]]
William Ashbrook - 1983 - "On the strength of these scores Mercadante was invited in 1836 by Rossini to compose for the Theatre-Italien. In the same way that Rossini had offered advice and practical suggestions to Bellini for I puritan i and to Donizetti for Marin Faliero, so he performed the same office for Mercadante with I briganti, and it seems indisputable that this experience formed the point of departure for Mercadante's ..."</ref> The lead role, Ermano, was written for the tenor [[Giovanni Battista Rubini]], the supporting cast included soprano [[Giulia Grisi]], baritone [[Antonio Tamburini]] and the bass [[Luigi Lablache]].<ref> The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge George Ripley, ‎Charles Anderson Dana - 1875 - In 1836 his opera I Briganti was brought out at Paris, but failed even with such great singers as Rubini, Tamburini, Lablache, and Grisi. .</ref> Nevertheless the opera failed, and Rubini departed for London.<ref>Dan H. Marek Giovanni Battista Rubini and the Bel Canto Tenors: History and Technique- 2013
'''''I briganti''''' is an opera (''[[melodramma]]'') in three acts by [[Saverio Mercadante]], first performed on 22 March 1836 by the [[Théâtre-Italien (1801–1878)|Théâtre-Italien]] in Paris, with an Italian libretto by {{Ill|Jacopo Crescini|it}} based on [[Schiller]]'s ''[[Die Räuber]]''.<ref>Rose 1992a, 1992b; Wittmann 2001.</ref> The lead roles were written for bass [[Luigi Lablache]], tenor [[Giovanni Battista Rubini]], baritone [[Antonio Tamburini]] and soprano [[Giulia Grisi]].<ref>Ripley 1879.</ref> The opera did not do well in Paris,<ref>Rose 1992a; [https://books.google.com/books?id=UInPGoC22V0C&pg=RA4-PA15 Marek 2013, p. 15].</ref> and the cast departed for London.<ref name=Loewenberg /><ref>
0810886685
0810886685
In spite of their best efforts, I briganti was a failure, but the experience in Paris was salutary for Mercadante. He changed his style and became the most important composer of the primo ottocento after Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini and had a considerable influence on the young Verdi. Then, for Rubini, it was off again to the King's Theater in London (that's where the money was!) On April 9, the season opened with La gazza ladra. Other familiar works followed: Mose' in Egitto, I puritani, ...</ref>
In spite of their best efforts, I briganti was a failure, but the experience in Paris was salutary for Mercadante. He changed his style and became the most important composer of the primo ottocento after Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini and had a considerable influence on the young Verdi. Then, for Rubini, it was off again to the King's Theater in London (that's where the money was!) On April 9, the season opened with La gazza ladra. Other familiar works followed: Mose' in Egitto, I puritani, ...</ref>
<ref>Ashbrook 1983, p. 233. "On the strength of these scores Mercadante was invited in 1836 by Rossini to compose for the Theatre-Italien. In the same way that Rossini had offered advice and practical suggestions to Bellini for I puritani and to Donizetti for Marin Faliero, so he performed the same office for Mercadante with I briganti, and it seems indisputable that this experience formed the point of departure for Mercadante's ..."</ref>

==Performance history==
The opera was also performed in Italian at [[The King's Theatre]] in London with the same lead singers, beginning on 2 July 1836; at the [[Teatro San Benedetto]] in Venice on 30 September 1836; in [[Milan]] on 6 November 1837; in [[Cagliari]], Sardinia, in the autumn of 1837; in [[Lisbon]] on 16 September 1838; at the [[Teatro San Carlo]] in Naples in the winter season of 1839; in [[Madrid]] on 12 December 1839; in [[Malta]] in 1840; and in [[Corfu]] in 1844. It was revived in Malta in 1886.<ref name=Loewenberg >Loewenberg 1978, columns 779–780.</ref>

It was revived for the [[Rossini in Wildbad]] festival in 2012 and an audio recording was issued.<ref name=2010recording/>

==Roles==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
!Role<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=salWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Libretto for London (1836)]</ref>
![[Voice type]]
!Premiere cast, 22 March 1836<!--<br />Conductor:-->
|-
| Massimiliano, ''Count of Moor, a Prince of the Blood Royal''
| [[bass (voice type)|bass]]
| [[Luigi Lablache]]
|-
| Ermano, ''son of Massimiliano''
| [[tenor]]
| [[Giovanni Battista Rubini]]
|-
| Corrado, ''son of Massimiliano''
| [[baritone]]
| [[Antonio Tamburini]]
|-
| Amelia d'Edelreich, ''niece of Massimiliano''
| [[soprano]]
| [[Giulia Grisi]]
|-
| Teresa, ''confidante of Amelia''
|mezzo-soprano
|
|-
| Bertrand, ''a hermit''
|bass
|
|-
| Roller, ''a friend of Ermano''
|tenor
|
|-
|colspan="3"|Chorus: ''Warriors, villagers, women, attendants, pages, domestics, brigands, etc.''
|}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="220" caption="Cast for the 1836 premieres in Paris and London">
File:Giovanni Battista Rubini Litho.jpg|[[Giovanni Battista Rubini]]
File:Giulia Crisi AEhrlichSängerinnen1895.jpg|[[Giulia Grisi]]
File:Antonio Tamburini II Litho.jpg|[[Antonio Tamburini]]
File:Ludwig Lablache Litho.jpg|[[Luigi Lablache]]
</gallery>

==Recording==
==Recording==
*''I briganti'' Maxim Mironov, Bruno Pratico, Vittorio Prato, Petya Ivanova, Rosita Fiocco, Virtuosi Brunensis, Antonino Fogliani. Naxos. 2012 live recording at Wildebad <ref>[https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/mercadante-i-briganti MERCADANTE I Briganti]</ref>
* 2012: {{Ill|Bruno Praticò|it}} (Massimiliano), [[Maxim Mironov]] (Ermano), Vittorio Prato (Corrado), Petya Ivanova (Amelia), Rosita Fiocco (Teresa). Virtuosi Brunensis, conducted by [[Antonino Fogliani]]. Live recording at [[Rossini in Wildbad]] on 14, 18 and 21 July 2012. [[Naxos Records]].<ref name=2010recording>[https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/mercadante-i-briganti "MERCADANTE I Briganti"], ''[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]]'' (October 2014); [[WorldCat]] audio recording bibliographic entry: ''I briganti melodramma serio in three parts'', {{OCLC|896737896}}.</ref>

==References==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Ashbrook, William (1982). ''Donizetti and His Operas''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521235266}}.
* Loewenberg, Alfred (1978). ''Annals of Opera 1597&ndash;1940'' (third edition, revised). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield. {{ISBN|9780874718515}}.
* Marek, Dan H. (2013). ''Giovanni Battista Rubini and the Bel Canto Tenors: History and Technique''. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. {{ISBN|0810886685}}.
* Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson, editors (1879). [https://archive.org/details/americancyclopae11ripluoft/page/398/mode/1up "Mercadante, Saverio", vol. 11, p. 398], in ''The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge'', 2nd edition, revised. New York: D. Appleton.
* Rose, Michael (1992a). [https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O900663 "I Briganti"], vol. 1, p.&nbsp;603, in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', four volumes, edited by [[Stanley Sadie]]. London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|9781561592289}}.
* Rose, Michael (1992b). "Mercadante, (Giuseppe) Saverio (Raffaele)", vol. 3, pp.&nbsp;334–339, in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', four volumes, edited by Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|9781561592289}}.
* Wittmann, Michael (2001). [https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18426 "Mercadante, (Giuseppe) Saverio (Raffaele)"] in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', 2nd edition, edited by Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|9781561592395}} (hardcover). {{OCLC|419285866}} (eBook).

==External links==
* {{IMSLP|work=I briganti (Mercadante, Saverio)|cname=''I briganti''}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=yggVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA64 "The Italian opera at Paris"], ''The Musical World'', vol. 1, no. 4 (8 April 1836)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=salWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Libretto for London (1836)], in Italian with English translation
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=l41gAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 Libretto for Milan (1837)], in Italian

{{Saverio Mercadante}}
{{The Robbers}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Briganti, I}}
[[Category:Operas]]
[[Category:Operas]]
[[Category:1836 operas]]
[[Category:1836 operas]]
[[Category:Operas by Saverio Mercadante]]
[[Category:Operas by Saverio Mercadante]]
[[Category:Operas based on works by Friedrich Schiller]]

Latest revision as of 17:56, 11 November 2022

Saverio Mercadante

I briganti is an opera (melodramma) in three acts by Saverio Mercadante, first performed on 22 March 1836 by the Théâtre-Italien in Paris, with an Italian libretto by Jacopo Crescini [it] based on Schiller's Die Räuber.[1] The lead roles were written for bass Luigi Lablache, tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini, baritone Antonio Tamburini and soprano Giulia Grisi.[2] The opera did not do well in Paris,[3] and the cast departed for London.[4][5] [6]

Performance history

[edit]

The opera was also performed in Italian at The King's Theatre in London with the same lead singers, beginning on 2 July 1836; at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice on 30 September 1836; in Milan on 6 November 1837; in Cagliari, Sardinia, in the autumn of 1837; in Lisbon on 16 September 1838; at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples in the winter season of 1839; in Madrid on 12 December 1839; in Malta in 1840; and in Corfu in 1844. It was revived in Malta in 1886.[4]

It was revived for the Rossini in Wildbad festival in 2012 and an audio recording was issued.[7]

Roles

[edit]
Role[8] Voice type Premiere cast, 22 March 1836
Massimiliano, Count of Moor, a Prince of the Blood Royal bass Luigi Lablache
Ermano, son of Massimiliano tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini
Corrado, son of Massimiliano baritone Antonio Tamburini
Amelia d'Edelreich, niece of Massimiliano soprano Giulia Grisi
Teresa, confidante of Amelia mezzo-soprano
Bertrand, a hermit bass
Roller, a friend of Ermano tenor
Chorus: Warriors, villagers, women, attendants, pages, domestics, brigands, etc.

Recording

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Rose 1992a, 1992b; Wittmann 2001.
  2. ^ Ripley 1879.
  3. ^ Rose 1992a; Marek 2013, p. 15.
  4. ^ a b Loewenberg 1978, columns 779–780.
  5. ^ 0810886685 In spite of their best efforts, I briganti was a failure, but the experience in Paris was salutary for Mercadante. He changed his style and became the most important composer of the primo ottocento after Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini and had a considerable influence on the young Verdi. Then, for Rubini, it was off again to the King's Theater in London (that's where the money was!) On April 9, the season opened with La gazza ladra. Other familiar works followed: Mose' in Egitto, I puritani, ...
  6. ^ Ashbrook 1983, p. 233. "On the strength of these scores Mercadante was invited in 1836 by Rossini to compose for the Theatre-Italien. In the same way that Rossini had offered advice and practical suggestions to Bellini for I puritani and to Donizetti for Marin Faliero, so he performed the same office for Mercadante with I briganti, and it seems indisputable that this experience formed the point of departure for Mercadante's ..."
  7. ^ a b "MERCADANTE I Briganti", Gramophone (October 2014); WorldCat audio recording bibliographic entry: I briganti melodramma serio in three parts, OCLC 896737896.
  8. ^ Libretto for London (1836)

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
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