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'''Image processing''' is the application of [[signal processing]] |
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techniques to the domain of [[images]] — two-dimensional [[signal]]s such as [[photography|photographs]] or [[video]]. |
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Most of the signal processing concepts that apply to one-dimensional signals — such as [[Image_resolution | resolution]], [[dynamic range]], [[bandwidth]], [[filter (signal processing)| filtering]], etc. — extend naturally to images as well. However, image processing brings some new concepts — such as [[connected|connectivity]] and [[rotational invariance]] — that are meaningful or useful only for two-dimensional signals. Also, certain one-dimensional concepts — such as [[differential operators]], [[edge detection]], and [[domain modulation]] — become substantially more complicated when extended to two dimensions. |
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The name 'image processing' is most appropriate when both inputs and outputs are images. The extraction of arbitrary information from images is the domain of [[image analysis]], which includes [[pattern recognition]] when the patterns to be identified are in images. In [[computer vision]] one seeks to extract more abstract information, such as the 3D description of a scene from video footage of it. The tools and concepts of image processing are also relevant to [[image synthesis]] from more abstract models, which is a major branch of [[computer graphics]]. |
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A few decades ago, deepa image processing was done largely in the [[analog (signal)|analog]] domain, chiefly by [[optics|optical]] devices. Optical methods are inherently [[parallel]], and for that reason they are still essential to [[holography]] and a few other applications. However, as [[computers]] keep getting faster, analog techniques are being increasingly replaced by [[digital image processing]] techniques — which are more versatile, reliable, accurate, and easier to implement. |
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Typical problems covered by this field include |
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* [[Euclidean geometry|geometric transformation]]s such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation; |
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* [[Color]] corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, [[quantization (signal processing)|quantization]], or conversion to a different [[color space]]; |
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* Combination of two or more images, e.g. into an average, blend, difference, or [[image composite]]. |
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* Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a [[mosaic (digital image)|mosaic]] image (e.g. a Bayer pattern, etc.); |
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* [[Noise reduction]] and other types of [[digital filter|filter]]ing, and signal averaging; |
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* [[Edge detection]] and other local [[operator]]s; |
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* [[Segmentation (image processing)|Segmentation]] of the image into regions; |
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* [[2D computer graphics|image editing]] and digital retouching; |
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* Extending dynamic range by combining differently exposed images ([[generalized signal averaging]] of [[Wyckoff sets]]). |
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and many more. |
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Besides static two-dimensional images, the field also covers the processing of time-varying signals such as [[video]] and the output of [[tomography|tomographic]] equipment. Some techniques, such as [[morphological image processing]], are specific to [[binary image|binary]] or [[grayscale|grayscale image]]s. |
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Some applications are: |
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* [[Photography]] and printing |
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* Satellite image processing |
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* [[Face detection]], feature detection, face identification |
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* [[Microscope image processing]] |
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Some related concepts are: |
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* [[Classification]] |
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* [[Feature extraction]] |
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* [[Pattern recognition]] |
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* [[Projection]] |
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* [[Multi-scale signal analysis]] |
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* [[Principal components analysis]] |
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* [[Independent component analysis]] |
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* [[Self organizing map]] |
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* [[Hidden Markov model]] |
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* [[Neural networks]] |
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== See also == |
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* [[Digital image processing]] |
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* [[Computer graphics]] |
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* [[Computer vision]] |
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* [[GPGPU]] |
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* [[optics]] |
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* [[photography]] |
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* [[imaging]] |
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* [[digitizing]] |
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* [[super-resolution]] |
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==External links== |
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*[http://image-processing-algo.blogspot.com/ Image Processing Algorithms] |
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*[http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/ Hypermedia Image Processing Reference] |
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*[http://www.emva.org/ EMVA - European Machine Vision Association] |
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*[http://www.mvtec.com Software for Image Processing and Machine Vision] |
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*{{wikicities|computervision|Computer Vision}} |
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[[Category:Computer vision]] |
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[[de:Bildverarbeitung]] |
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[[fr:Traitement d'image]] |
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[[ja:コンピュータビジョン]] |
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[[nl:Beeldbewerking]] |
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[[th:การประมวลผลภาพ]] |
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[[zh:图像处理]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:12, 12 November 2022
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