Bediani (title): Difference between revisions
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'''Bediani''' ({{lang-ka|ბედიანი}}) was a medieval title, or a territorial epithet, of the [[Dadiani]], the ruling family of [[Principality of Mingrelia|Mingrelia]] in western [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]], derived from the canton of [[Bedia (village)|Bedia]], in [[Principality of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]], and in use from the end of the 12th century into the 15th. Bediani was occasionally used as a [[praenomen]].<ref name="toumanoff1">{{cite journal|last=Toumanoff|first=Cyril|author-link=Cyril Toumanoff|title=The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia|journal=Traditio|year=1949–51|volume=7|pages = 186–187}}</ref> The extent of the fief of Bedia is difficult to define; by the latter half of the 17th century, the [[House of Shervashidze|Shervashidze]] of Abkhazia had supplanted the Dadiani in that area.<ref name=gse8>{{cite book|last1=Beradze|first1=Tamaz|title=ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 8 [Georgian Soviet Encyclopaedia, Vol. 8]|date=1984|publisher=Metsniereba|location=Tbilisi|page=548|language=Georgian|chapter=საბედიანო [Sabediano]}}</ref><ref name=anch>{{cite book|last1=Anchabadze|first1=Zurab|title=Из истории средневековой Абхазии|date=1959|publisher=Abkhazian State Publishing|location=Sukhumi|pages=235–243|language=Russian|trans-title=From the history of medieval Abkhazia}}</ref> |
'''Bediani''' ({{lang-ka|ბედიანი}}) was a medieval title, or a territorial epithet, of the [[Dadiani]], the ruling family of [[Principality of Mingrelia|Mingrelia]] in western [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]], derived from the canton of [[Bedia (village)|Bedia]], in [[Principality of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]], and in use from the end of the 12th century into the 15th. Bediani was occasionally used as a [[praenomen]].<ref name="toumanoff1">{{cite journal|last=Toumanoff|first=Cyril|author-link=Cyril Toumanoff|title=The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia|journal=Traditio|year=1949–51|volume=7|pages = 186–187}}</ref> The extent of the fief of Bedia is difficult to define; by the latter half of the 17th century, the [[House of Shervashidze|Shervashidze]] of Abkhazia had supplanted the Dadiani in that area.<ref name=gse8>{{cite book|last1=Beradze|first1=Tamaz|title=ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 8 [Georgian Soviet Encyclopaedia, Vol. 8]|date=1984|publisher=Metsniereba|location=Tbilisi|page=548|language=Georgian|chapter=საბედიანო [Sabediano]}}</ref><ref name=anch>{{cite book|last1=Anchabadze|first1=Zurab|title=Из истории средневековой Абхазии|date=1959|publisher=Abkhazian State Publishing|location=Sukhumi|pages=235–243|language=Russian|trans-title=From the history of medieval Abkhazia}}</ref> |
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The title of Bediani should not be confused with that of Bedieli, which, although derived from the same [[toponym]], was the one used by the bishops seated at the [[Bedia Cathedral]].<ref name="Brosset">{{cite book|last=Brosset|first=Marie-Félicité|title=Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Ire partie. Histoire ancienne|trans-title=History of Georgia from Antiquity to the 19th century. Part I. Ancient History|year=1849|publisher=A la typographie de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences|location=S.-Pétersbourg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xV4Mq9CAglsC |
The title of Bediani should not be confused with that of Bedieli, which, although derived from the same [[toponym]], was the one used by the bishops seated at the [[Bedia Cathedral]].<ref name="Brosset">{{cite book|last=Brosset|first=Marie-Félicité|title=Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Ire partie. Histoire ancienne|trans-title=History of Georgia from Antiquity to the 19th century. Part I. Ancient History|year=1849|publisher=A la typographie de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences|location=S.-Pétersbourg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xV4Mq9CAglsC|page=482|language=French}}</ref> |
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== Primary sources== |
== Primary sources== |
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Bediani appears in the Georgian—both narrative and epigraphic—and Western European sources from the early 13th century to the latter half of the 15th century, first in the ''Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns'', a part of the ''[[Georgian Chronicles]]'', in the list of the Georgian "dukes" (''[[eristavi]]'') under [[Tamar of Georgia|Queen Tamar]] ([[reign|r.]] 1184–1213).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gamq’relidze|first1=Dmitri|editor1-last=Jones|editor1-first=Stephen|title=Kartlis Tskhovreba. A History of Georgia|date=2014|publisher=Artanuji|location=Tbilisi|isbn=978-9941-445-52-1|pages=242|url=http://www.science.org.ge/books/Kartlis%20cxovreba/Kartlis%20Cxovreba%202012%20Eng.pdf|access-date=2015-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713213859/http://www.science.org.ge/books/Kartlis%20cxovreba/Kartlis%20Cxovreba%202012%20Eng.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-13| |
Bediani appears in the Georgian—both narrative and epigraphic—and Western European sources from the early 13th century to the latter half of the 15th century, first in the ''Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns'', a part of the ''[[Georgian Chronicles]]'', in the list of the Georgian "dukes" (''[[eristavi]]'') under [[Tamar of Georgia|Queen Tamar]] ([[reign|r.]] 1184–1213).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gamq’relidze|first1=Dmitri|editor1-last=Jones|editor1-first=Stephen|title=Kartlis Tskhovreba. A History of Georgia|date=2014|publisher=Artanuji|location=Tbilisi|isbn=978-9941-445-52-1|pages=242|url=http://www.science.org.ge/books/Kartlis%20cxovreba/Kartlis%20Cxovreba%202012%20Eng.pdf|access-date=2015-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713213859/http://www.science.org.ge/books/Kartlis%20cxovreba/Kartlis%20Cxovreba%202012%20Eng.pdf|archive-date=2015-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 15th century, Bediani (''Bedias'', ''Bendian'') was used as a designation of the Prince of Mingrelia (e.g., ''Bendian rex Mingreliae'') by the Italian visitors to the [[Caucasus]]—[[Ludovico da Bologna]] in 1460<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bryer|first1=Anthony|title=Ludovico da Bologna and the Georgian and Anatolian Embassy of 1460–1461|journal=Bedi Kartlisa|date=1965|volume=19–20|page=182}}</ref> and [[Giosafat Barbaro]] and [[Ambrogio Contarini]] in the early 1470s. Barbaro, further, reported that Bendiani of Mingrelia possessed, inter alia, two fortified cities on the [[Black Sea]], called Vathi and Sauastopoli, the former identified with [[Batumi]], then in [[Principality of Guria|Guria]], and the latter being [[Sukhumi]], now in Abkhazia.<ref name="javax1">{{cite book|last=Javakhishvili|first=Ivane|author-link=Ivane Javakhishvili|title=ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III|language=Georgian|trans-title=History of the Georgian nation, volume III|year=1982|publisher=Metsniereba|location=Tbilisi|url=http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/coll/0001/000112/ |pages = 272–273, 303–304}}</ref><ref name=anch/> |
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== Sabediano == |
== Sabediano == |
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Latest revision as of 18:37, 16 November 2022
Bediani (Georgian: ბედიანი) was a medieval title, or a territorial epithet, of the Dadiani, the ruling family of Mingrelia in western Georgia, derived from the canton of Bedia, in Abkhazia, and in use from the end of the 12th century into the 15th. Bediani was occasionally used as a praenomen.[1] The extent of the fief of Bedia is difficult to define; by the latter half of the 17th century, the Shervashidze of Abkhazia had supplanted the Dadiani in that area.[2][3]
The title of Bediani should not be confused with that of Bedieli, which, although derived from the same toponym, was the one used by the bishops seated at the Bedia Cathedral.[4]
Primary sources
[edit]Bediani appears in the Georgian—both narrative and epigraphic—and Western European sources from the early 13th century to the latter half of the 15th century, first in the Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns, a part of the Georgian Chronicles, in the list of the Georgian "dukes" (eristavi) under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213).[5] In the 15th century, Bediani (Bedias, Bendian) was used as a designation of the Prince of Mingrelia (e.g., Bendian rex Mingreliae) by the Italian visitors to the Caucasus—Ludovico da Bologna in 1460[6] and Giosafat Barbaro and Ambrogio Contarini in the early 1470s. Barbaro, further, reported that Bendiani of Mingrelia possessed, inter alia, two fortified cities on the Black Sea, called Vathi and Sauastopoli, the former identified with Batumi, then in Guria, and the latter being Sukhumi, now in Abkhazia.[7][3]
Sabediano
[edit]Early in the 20th century, the Georgian historian Ivane Javakhishvili introduced the term "Sabediano", based on a standard Georgian geographic circumfix sa⟩ ⟨o, to refer to a polity—semi-independent of the kings of Georgia—which had come into being, by the 1470s, to bring together Mingrelia (Odishi proper), Abkhazia, and Guria under the aegis of the Dadiani princes with the style of Bediani.[7] This view and the associated neologism were accepted by several Soviet-era scholars, including Zurab Anchabadze, who, however, dated the emergence of the principality of Sabediano back to the end of the 14th century, when the Mingrelian princes were reported by the Georgian sources to have had dispossessed their Abkhazian counterparts of their holdings up to and including Anacopia. The suggested boundaries of the principality, at its largest extent, were from the Chorokhi river to the Greater Caucasus crest and from the Tskhenistsqali to the Black Sea.[7][3]
Other historians, such as Cyril Toumanoff[1] and Tamaz Beradze,[2] dismissed the possibility of existence of the Dadiani-ruled unified polity such as Sabediano, with Abkhazia and Guria as its parts. According to Toumanoff, "Guria was a fief of the secundogeniture of the Dadianis, separate from Mingrelia, as early as 1352."[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Toumanoff, Cyril (1949–51). "The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia". Traditio. 7: 186–187.
- ^ a b Beradze, Tamaz (1984). "საბედიანო [Sabediano]". ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 8 [Georgian Soviet Encyclopaedia, Vol. 8] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 548.
- ^ a b c Anchabadze, Zurab (1959). Из истории средневековой Абхазии [From the history of medieval Abkhazia] (in Russian). Sukhumi: Abkhazian State Publishing. pp. 235–243.
- ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Ire partie. Histoire ancienne [History of Georgia from Antiquity to the 19th century. Part I. Ancient History] (in French). S.-Pétersbourg: A la typographie de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences. p. 482.
- ^ Gamq’relidze, Dmitri (2014). Jones, Stephen (ed.). Kartlis Tskhovreba. A History of Georgia (PDF). Tbilisi: Artanuji. p. 242. ISBN 978-9941-445-52-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
- ^ Bryer, Anthony (1965). "Ludovico da Bologna and the Georgian and Anatolian Embassy of 1460–1461". Bedi Kartlisa. 19–20: 182.
- ^ a b c Javakhishvili, Ivane (1982). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. pp. 272–273, 303–304.