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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
| name = Stripe-headed Brush-finch
| image = Arremon torquatus White-browed Brush-finch 01 (cropped).jpg
| image =
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Arremon torquatus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T103769530A95076870 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103769530A95076870.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| genus = Arremon
| classis = [[Aves]]
| species = torquatus
⚫
| authority = ([[Frédéric de Lafresnaye|Lafresnaye]] & [[Alcide d'Orbigny|d'Orbigny]], 1837)
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Emberizidae]]
| genus = ''[[Arremon]]''
| species = '''''A. torquatus'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Arremon torquatus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Frédéric de Lafresnaye|Lafresnaye]] & D'Orbigny, 1837)
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
''Buarremon torquatus'' <small>(Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, 1837)</small>
''Buarremon torquatus'' <small>(Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, 1837)</small>

⚫
| range_map = Arremon torquatus map.svg

}}
}}


The '''Stripe-headed Brush-finch''' ('''''Arremon torquatus''''') is a species of [[bird]] in the [[Emberizidae]] family. It is found in north-western [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], and northern and western [[Venezuela]]. It is generally common in forest and dense [[second growth]], mainly at altitudes of {{convert|2000|to|3000|m|ft}}, but locally it occurs far lower.<ref name=SouthAmerica>Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). ''Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines.'' Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857217-4</ref>
The '''white-browed brushfinch''' ('''''Arremon torquatus''''') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Passerellidae]]. It lives in northwestern [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], and southern [[Peru]]. It is generally common in forest and dense [[secondary forest|second growth]], mainly at altitudes of {{convert|2000|to|3000|m|ft}}, but locally it occurs at far lower altitudes.<ref name=SouthAmerica>Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). ''Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines.'' Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-857217-4}}</ref> It previously was considered the nominate subspecies of the [[stripe-headed brushfinch]].


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Until recently, the Stripe-headed Brush-finch was placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Buarremon]]''.<ref>Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). ''Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016.</ref>
Until recently, the white-browed brushfinch was placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Buarremon]]''.<ref>Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). ''Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016.</ref>


The Stripe-headed Brush-finch often includes the [[Black-headed Brush-finch]] (''A. atricapillus'') as a [[subspecies]], but the distributions of the two approach each other closely in Colombia with no evidence of [[intergradation]].<ref name=SouthAmerica/> When split, the [[taxon]] ''costaricensis'' of [[Costa Rica]] and western [[Panama]] has been treated as a [[monotypic]] species (the Grey-striped Brush-finch, ''A. costaricensis''), a subspecies of the Stripe-headed Brush-finch, or a subspecies of the Black-headed Brush-finch, with most recent authorities preferring the last treatment.<ref name=SouthAmerica/> Even with these as separate species, considerable racial variation exists in the Stripe-headed Brush-finch. Based on [[ecology]], [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]], song, and [[molecular]] work it has recently been suggested that it should be split into six species (in addition to before mentioned ''A. atricapillus'' and ''A. costaricensis'').<ref name= CadenaCuervo>Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). ''Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)?'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176</ref> Approximately from south to north these are:<ref name= CadenaCuervo/>
Considerable racial variation existed in the formerly named stripe-headed brushfinch, and based on [[ecology]], [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]], song, and [[molecular]] work it was recently suggested that it be split into eight species.<ref name= CadenaCuervo>Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). ''Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)?'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176</ref>
* ''Arremon torquatus'' (with subspecies ''fimbriatus'' and ''borelli'') in the [[Andes]] from north-western Argentina to far southern Peru.
* ''Arremon assimilis'' (with subspecies ''larensis'', ''nigrifrons'' and ''poliophrys'') in the Andes from Peru to Venezuela.
* ''Arremon perijanus'' (monotypic) in the [[Perijá Mountains]] on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
* ''Arremon basilicus'' (monotypic) in the [[Santa Marta Mountains]] in Colombia.
* ''Arremon phaeopleurus'' (monotypic) in the western [[Venezuelan Coastal Range]].
* ''Arremon phygas'' (monotypic) in the eastern Venezuelan Coastal Range.


==References==<!-- BolSAO16-01:59. Caldasia27:247. Condor109:321. -->
==References==<!-- BolSAO16-01:59. Caldasia27:247. Condor109:321. -->
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite web
* BirdLife International 2006. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/53625/all Buarremon torquatus]. [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 25 July 2007.
| author = South American Classification Committee

| authorlink = South American Classification Committee

| title = Proposal (#468) to South American Classification Committee – Species limits in ''Arremon torquatus''.
{{Emberizidae-stub}}
| date = September 2010
| url = http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop468.html
| accessdate = July 24, 2012}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1307528}}
[[Category:Buarremon]]
⚫
[[Category:Birds of the Andes]]
[[Category:Birds of Argentina]]
[[Category:Birds of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Birds of Colombia]]
[[Category:Birds of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Birds of Peru]]
[[Category:Birds of Venezuela]]


[[Category:Arremon|white-browed brushfinch]]
[[pt:Atlapetes atricapillus]]
⚫
[[Category:Birds of the Northern Andes]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1837|white-browed brushfinch]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Frédéric de Lafresnaye|white-browed brushfinch]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Alcide d'Orbigny|white-browed brushfinch]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Latest revision as of 02:00, 22 November 2022

White-browed brushfinch
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Passerellidae
Genus: Arremon
Species:
A. torquatus
Binomial name
Arremon torquatus
Synonyms

Buarremon torquatus (Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, 1837)

The white-browed brushfinch (Arremon torquatus) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It lives in northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, and southern Peru. It is generally common in forest and dense second growth, mainly at altitudes of 2,000 to 3,000 metres (6,600 to 9,800 ft), but locally it occurs at far lower altitudes.[2] It previously was considered the nominate subspecies of the stripe-headed brushfinch.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Until recently, the white-browed brushfinch was placed in the genus Buarremon.[3]

Considerable racial variation existed in the formerly named stripe-headed brushfinch, and based on ecology, morphology, song, and molecular work it was recently suggested that it be split into eight species.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Arremon torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103769530A95076870. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103769530A95076870.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857217-4
  3. ^ Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016.
  4. ^ Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176
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