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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
⚫
| name = Graceful Prinia
| image = Graceful Prinia I IMG 9480.jpg
| name = Graceful prinia
⚫
| image = Graceful prinia.jpg
| image_caption = Near [[Hodal]] in [[Faridabad]] District of [[Haryana]], [[India]].
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=52355|title=Prinia gracilis|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2019 |title=''Prinia gracilis'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T22713590A155532194 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22713590A155532194.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
⚫
| genus = Prinia
</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| species = gracilis
⚫
| authority = ([[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein, MHC]], 1823)
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Passerine|Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Cisticolidae]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Prinia]]''
| species = '''''P. gracilis'''''
| binomial = ''Prinia gracilis''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]], 1823
}}
}}
[[File:Prinia gracilis palaestinae MHNT 225 Jaffa.jpg|thumb|Eggs of ''Prinia gracilis palaestinae'' [[MHNT]]]]


The ''' Graceful Prinia''', ''Prinia gracilis'', is a small warbler (in some older works it is referred to as '''Graceful Warbler'''). This [[prinia]] is a resident breeder in Northeast Africa and [[Southwest Asia]], from [[Egypt]] and [[Somalia]] east to [[Pakistan]] and [[North India]], where it is sometimes called '''Streaked Wren-Warbler'''.<ref name=ali-daniel>
The '''graceful prinia''' ('''''Prinia gracilis''''') is a small [[warbler]] (in some older works it is referred to as '''graceful warbler'''). This [[prinia]] is a resident breeder in northeastern Africa (the [[Nile]] valley in particular) and southern [[Asia]], from [[Egypt]] and [[Somalia]] east to [[Saudi Arabia]], where it is sometimes called '''streaked wren-warbler'''.<ref name=ali-daniel>
{{cite book
{{cite book
|last = Ali
|last = Ali
|first = Salim
|first = Salim
|authorlink=Salim Ali (ornithologist)
|author-link=Salim Ali (ornithologist)
|coauthors = [[J. C. Daniel (naturalist)|J C Daniel]]
|author2=J C Daniel |authorlink2=J. C. Daniel (naturalist)
|title = The book of Indian Birds, Twelfth Centenary edition
|title = The book of Indian Birds, Twelfth Centenary edition
|year = 1983
|year = 1983
|publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]]/[[Oxford University Press]]
|publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]]/[[Oxford University Press]]
|address = New Delhi
|location = New Delhi
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


This active [[passerine]] [[bird]] is typically found in shrub or tall grass in a variety of habitats with thick undergrowth, [[tamarisk]]s or similar cover. Graceful Prinia builds its nest in a bush or grass and lays 3-5 eggs.
This active [[passerine]] [[bird]] is typically found in shrub or tall grass in a variety of habitats with thick undergrowth, [[tamarisk]]s or similar cover. Graceful prinia builds its nest in a bush or grass and lays 3 to 5 eggs.


These 10-11 cm long warblers have short rounded wings, and a long tapering tail with each feather tipped with black and white. In breeding plumage, adults are grey-brown above, with dark streaking. The underparts are whitish with buff flanks, and the bill is short and black.
These 10–11&nbsp;cm long warblers have short rounded wings, and a long tapering tail with each feather tipped with black and white. In breeding plumage, adults are grey-brown above, with dark streaking. The underparts are whitish with buff flanks, and the bill is short and black.
The sexes are similar. In winter, adults are brighter sandy brown above with weaker streaking, there is more buff on the sides, and the bill is paler.
The sexes are similar. In winter, adults are brighter sandy brown above with weaker streaking, there is more buff on the sides, and the bill is paler.


There are 7 subspecies.
There are 12 subspecies, of which '' P. g. akyildizi'', of southern [[Turkey]] is the darkest, brownest, and most heavily streaked above, and has the brightest buff flanks.


The long tail is often cocked, and the flight of this species is weak. Like most warblers, Graceful Prinia is insectivorous. The call is a rolling trilled ''breep'', and the song is a hard rolling repletion of ''zerlip''.
The long tail is often cocked, and the flight of this species is weak. Like most warblers, the graceful prinia is insectivorous. The call is a rolling trilled ''breep'', and the song is a hard rolling repetition of ''zerlip''.

==Taxonomy==
A study published in 2021<ref>Alström et al. Ornithology 138, 1-23, DOI:10.1093/ornitholgy/ukab014 </ref> concludes that the graceful prinia should be split from the [[delicate prinia]].
* ''Prinia gracilis'', '''graceful prinia''', 7 subspecies:
** ''Prinia gracilis gracilis'', River Nile from Egypt to southern Sudan,
** ''Prinia gracilis deltae'', River Nile delta to western Israel,
** ''Prinia gracilis palaestinae'', Lebanon to northwestern Saudi Arabia,
** ''Prinia gracilis natronensis'', Wadi Natron, northern Egypt,
** ''Prinia gracilis carlo'', Red Sea coast from northeastern Sudan to Somalia,
** ''Prinia gracilis yemenensis'', western Saudi Arabia, Yemen, southern Oman,
** ''Prinia gracilis hufufae'', Bahrain, northeastern Saudi Arabia;
The [[International Ornithologists' Union|International Ornithological Congress]] followed this change in an update later that year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 43: Line 50:


===Other References===
===Other References===
* ''Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa'' by Baker, ISBN 0-7136-3971-7
* ''Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa'' by Baker, {{ISBN|0-7136-3971-7}}
* ''Birds of India'' by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, ISBN 0-691-04910-6
* ''Birds of India'' by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, {{ISBN|0-691-04910-6}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q248603}}


[[Category:Cisticolidae]]
[[Category:Prinia|graceful prinia]]
[[Category:Birds of Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of North Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Birds of Egypt]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1823|graceful prinia]]
[[Category:Birds of Somalia]]
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds of India]]
[[Category:Birds of Kuwait]]
[[Category:Birds of Turkey]]
[[Category:Birds of Palestine]]


[[it:Polochon]]
[[ar:فصية رشيقة]]
[[de:Streifenprinie]]
[[eu:Prinia gracilis]]
[[fr:Prinia gracile]]
[[he:פשוש]]
[[fi:Priinia]]
[[sv:Streckad prinia]]
[[tr:Dikkuyruklu ötleğen]]

Latest revision as of 00:32, 6 December 2022

Graceful prinia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Cisticolidae
Genus: Prinia
Species:
P. gracilis
Binomial name
Prinia gracilis
Eggs of Prinia gracilis palaestinae MHNT

The graceful prinia (Prinia gracilis) is a small warbler (in some older works it is referred to as graceful warbler). This prinia is a resident breeder in northeastern Africa (the Nile valley in particular) and southern Asia, from Egypt and Somalia east to Saudi Arabia, where it is sometimes called streaked wren-warbler.[2]

This active passerine bird is typically found in shrub or tall grass in a variety of habitats with thick undergrowth, tamarisks or similar cover. Graceful prinia builds its nest in a bush or grass and lays 3 to 5 eggs.

These 10–11 cm long warblers have short rounded wings, and a long tapering tail with each feather tipped with black and white. In breeding plumage, adults are grey-brown above, with dark streaking. The underparts are whitish with buff flanks, and the bill is short and black.

The sexes are similar. In winter, adults are brighter sandy brown above with weaker streaking, there is more buff on the sides, and the bill is paler.

There are 7 subspecies.

The long tail is often cocked, and the flight of this species is weak. Like most warblers, the graceful prinia is insectivorous. The call is a rolling trilled breep, and the song is a hard rolling repetition of zerlip.

Taxonomy

[edit]

A study published in 2021[3] concludes that the graceful prinia should be split from the delicate prinia.

  • Prinia gracilis, graceful prinia, 7 subspecies:
    • Prinia gracilis gracilis, River Nile from Egypt to southern Sudan,
    • Prinia gracilis deltae, River Nile delta to western Israel,
    • Prinia gracilis palaestinae, Lebanon to northwestern Saudi Arabia,
    • Prinia gracilis natronensis, Wadi Natron, northern Egypt,
    • Prinia gracilis carlo, Red Sea coast from northeastern Sudan to Somalia,
    • Prinia gracilis yemenensis, western Saudi Arabia, Yemen, southern Oman,
    • Prinia gracilis hufufae, Bahrain, northeastern Saudi Arabia;

The International Ornithological Congress followed this change in an update later that year.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Prinia gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22713590A155532194. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22713590A155532194.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Ali, Salim; J C Daniel (1983). The book of Indian Birds, Twelfth Centenary edition. New Delhi: Bombay Natural History Society/Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Alström et al. Ornithology 138, 1-23, DOI:10.1093/ornitholgy/ukab014
  4. ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-06-18.

Other References

[edit]
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