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'''Embryotroph''' is the embryonic nourishment in placental |
'''Embryotroph''' is the embryonic nourishment in placental animals. |
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==Formation of |
==Formation of syncytiotrophoblast== |
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On approximately the seventh day of development, the [[trophoblast]] (cells that make up the outer part of the [[ |
On approximately the seventh day of development, the [[trophoblast]] (cells that make up the outer part of the [[blastocyst]]) divides to form two separate layers: an inner [[cytotrophoblast]] layer, and an outer [[syncytiotrophoblast]] layer. Using enzymes, the syncytiotrophoblast penetrates the tissues of the mother, then it attaches to these tissues by burrowing with long projections, breaking maternal blood vessels. The chemical reason why this process occurs is currently unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.courseweb.uottawa.ca/medicine-histology/english/Reproduction/Placenta/Default.htm |title=Histology of the Placenta, University of Ottawa |access-date=2012-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104142039/http://www.courseweb.uottawa.ca/medicine-histology/english/Reproduction/Placenta/Default.htm |archive-date=2012-11-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Uterine |
==Uterine milk== |
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Uterine milk is part of the embryotroph. It is a white secretion containing proteins and amino acids that nourishes the embryo during development. The uterine milk is the actual nutritional liquid that feeds the embryo, while the embryotroph is the uterine milk plus the syncytiotrophoblast. <ref>[http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/ebm/record/7810448/full_citation/Protein_content_and_amino_acid_composition_of_the_uterine_milk_in_swine_and_cattle_ Protein Content, Amino Acid Composition of Uterine Milk in Swine and Cattle]</ref> |
[[Uterine milk]] is part of the embryotroph. It is a white secretion containing proteins and amino acids that nourishes the embryo during development. The uterine milk is the actual nutritional liquid that feeds the embryo, while the embryotroph is the uterine milk plus the syncytiotrophoblast. <ref>[http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/ebm/record/7810448/full_citation/Protein_content_and_amino_acid_composition_of_the_uterine_milk_in_swine_and_cattle_ Protein Content, Amino Acid Composition of Uterine Milk in Swine and Cattle]</ref> |
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==Malformations and |
==Malformations and embryotrophic nutrition== |
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Studies have shown that when embryotrophic nutrition is interrupted for some reason or another, malformations in embryos tend to occur. This is expected, because when important proteins and amino acids are withheld, the embryo will surely be at a disadvantage. The [[yolk sac]] is the part of the embryo most likely to be malformed, leading to other malformations later on. <ref>[http://la.rsmjournals.com/content/2/2/157.full.pdf+html Laboratory Animals, "Methods for the Study of Embryotrophic Nutrition"]</ref> |
Studies have shown that when embryotrophic nutrition is interrupted for some reason or another, malformations in embryos tend to occur. This is expected, because when important proteins and amino acids are withheld, the embryo will surely be at a disadvantage. The [[yolk sac]] is the part of the embryo most likely to be malformed, leading to other malformations later on. <ref>[http://la.rsmjournals.com/content/2/2/157.full.pdf+html Laboratory Animals, "Methods for the Study of Embryotrophic Nutrition"]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Embryology|date=November 2012}} |
{{Embryology|date=November 2012}} |
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[[Category:Embryology]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:15, 28 December 2022
Embryotroph is the embryonic nourishment in placental animals.
Formation of syncytiotrophoblast
[edit]On approximately the seventh day of development, the trophoblast (cells that make up the outer part of the blastocyst) divides to form two separate layers: an inner cytotrophoblast layer, and an outer syncytiotrophoblast layer. Using enzymes, the syncytiotrophoblast penetrates the tissues of the mother, then it attaches to these tissues by burrowing with long projections, breaking maternal blood vessels. The chemical reason why this process occurs is currently unknown.[1]
Uterine milk
[edit]Uterine milk is part of the embryotroph. It is a white secretion containing proteins and amino acids that nourishes the embryo during development. The uterine milk is the actual nutritional liquid that feeds the embryo, while the embryotroph is the uterine milk plus the syncytiotrophoblast. [2]
Malformations and embryotrophic nutrition
[edit]Studies have shown that when embryotrophic nutrition is interrupted for some reason or another, malformations in embryos tend to occur. This is expected, because when important proteins and amino acids are withheld, the embryo will surely be at a disadvantage. The yolk sac is the part of the embryo most likely to be malformed, leading to other malformations later on. [3]
References
[edit]- ^ "Histology of the Placenta, University of Ottawa". Archived from the original on 2012-11-04. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
- ^ Protein Content, Amino Acid Composition of Uterine Milk in Swine and Cattle
- ^ Laboratory Animals, "Methods for the Study of Embryotrophic Nutrition"[permanent dead link]