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== Taxonomy and systematics == |
== Taxonomy and systematics == |
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The blue-and-black tanager was first described as ''Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides'' by [[Auguste Boissonneau]] in 1840 on the basis of a specimen from [[Santa Fe, Bogotá|Santa Fe]], [[Colombia]].<ref>{{Cite book| |
The blue-and-black tanager was first described as ''Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides'' by [[Auguste Boissonneau]] in 1840 on the basis of a specimen from [[Santa Fe, Bogotá|Santa Fe]], [[Colombia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Société Cuvierienne|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48713|title=Revue zoologique|last2=Cuvierienne|first2=Société|publisher=Société cuvierienne|year=1840|location=Paris|pages=67|language=fr}}</ref> The generic name ''Tangara'' comes from the [[Tupi language|Tupí]] word ''tangara'', meaning dancer. The specific name ''labradorides'' is from the French ''pierre de Labrador'' ([[feldspar]]), and the [[Ancient Greek]] -''ides'', meaning resembling, referring to the species' metallic blue-green color, which resembles that of feldspar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jobling|first=James A.|title=Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names|publisher=[[Christopher Helm]]|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4081-3326-2|pages=217, 379}}</ref> Metallic-green tanager is the official [[common name]] designated by the [[International Ornithologists' Union]] (IOC).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Tanagers and allies – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/tanagers/|access-date=2021-09-07|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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The metallic-green tanager is one of 27 species in the genus ''[[Tangara (bird)|Tangara]]''. It was previously thought to form a species group with the [[Blue-browed tanager|blue-browed]] and [[Golden-naped tanager|golden-naped tanagers]]. However, [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] studies have shown that the golden-naped tanager is only distantly related to the other two species in the group. Its relation with the blue-browed tanager is also unclear, as some studies have shown the metallic-green tanager to be [[Sister group|sister]] to the blue-browed tanager, but others have found this grouping to be [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation| |
The metallic-green tanager is one of 27 species in the genus ''[[Tangara (bird)|Tangara]]''. It was previously thought to form a species group with the [[Blue-browed tanager|blue-browed]] and [[Golden-naped tanager|golden-naped tanagers]]. However, [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] studies have shown that the golden-naped tanager is only distantly related to the other two species in the group. Its relation with the blue-browed tanager is also unclear, as some studies have shown the metallic-green tanager to be [[Sister group|sister]] to the blue-browed tanager, but others have found this grouping to be [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=House|first1=Ryan|title=Metallic-green Tanager (Tangara labradorides)|date=2020-03-04|url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/megtan1/1.0/introduction|work=Birds of the World|editor-last=Billerman|editor-first=Shawn M.|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|language=en|doi=10.2173/bow.megtan1.01|access-date=2021-10-29|last2=Burns|first2=Kevin J.|editor2-last=Keeney|editor2-first=Brooke K.|editor3-last=Rodewald|editor3-first=Paul G.|editor4-last=Schulenberg|editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Burns|first1=Kevin J|last2=Naoki|first2=Kazuya|date=2004|title=Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Neotropical tanagers in the genus Tangara|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790304000764|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=32|issue=3|pages=838–854|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.013|pmid=15288060 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sedano|first1=Raul E.|last2=Burns|first2=Kevin J.|date=2010-01-19|title=Are the Northern Andes a species pump for Neotropical birds? Phylogenetics and biogeography of a clade of Neotropical tanagers (Aves: Thraupini)|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02200.x|journal=Journal of Biogeography|language=en|volume=37|issue=2|pages=325–343|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02200.x|s2cid=53063036 }}</ref> |
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=== Subspecies === |
=== Subspecies === |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Tangara ruficervix Tangara labradorides.jpg |
File:Tangara ruficervix Tangara labradorides.jpg|Painting of metallic-green tanager (below) with a golden-naped tanager (above) |
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File:Tangara labradorides Tángara verdiplata Metallic-green Tanager (15765599898).jpg |
File:Tangara labradorides Tángara verdiplata Metallic-green Tanager (15765599898).jpg|A metallic-green tanager eating fruit. |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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Latest revision as of 04:29, 4 January 2023
| Metallic-green tanager | |
|---|---|
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| Northwestern Ecuador | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | Tangara |
| Species: | T. labradorides
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| Binomial name | |
| Tangara labradorides (Boissonneau, 1840)
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| |
The metallic-green tanager (Tangara labradorides) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The blue-and-black tanager was first described as Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides by Auguste Boissonneau in 1840 on the basis of a specimen from Santa Fe, Colombia.[2] The generic name Tangara comes from the Tupí word tangara, meaning dancer. The specific name labradorides is from the French pierre de Labrador (feldspar), and the Ancient Greek -ides, meaning resembling, referring to the species' metallic blue-green color, which resembles that of feldspar.[3] Metallic-green tanager is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).[4]
The metallic-green tanager is one of 27 species in the genus Tangara. It was previously thought to form a species group with the blue-browed and golden-naped tanagers. However, phylogenetic studies have shown that the golden-naped tanager is only distantly related to the other two species in the group. Its relation with the blue-browed tanager is also unclear, as some studies have shown the metallic-green tanager to be sister to the blue-browed tanager, but others have found this grouping to be paraphyletic.[5][6][7]
Subspecies
[edit]There are two recognized subspecies of the metallic-green tanager.[4] DNA studies have shown that the rate of divergence between in nucleotide sequences between the two subspecies is higher than that of several other tanagers currently recognized as distinct species.[5][6]
- T. l. labradorides (Boissonneau, 1840): The nominate subspecies, it is found in western and central Colombia and western Ecuador.
- T. l. chaupensis Chapman, 1925: Found from southeastern Ecuador and northern Peru. It is similar to the nominate, but is greener in color, with a paler abdomen, no gold on the forehead, and golden-green margins on the primary flight feathers.[5]
Gallery
[edit]-
Painting of metallic-green tanager (below) with a golden-naped tanager (above) -
A metallic-green tanager eating fruit.
.jpg)
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Tangara labradorides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22722909A132159585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22722909A132159585.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ Société Cuvierienne; Cuvierienne, Société (1840). Revue zoologique (in French). Paris: Société cuvierienne. p. 67.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm. pp. 217, 379. ISBN 978-1-4081-3326-2.
- ^ a b "Tanagers and allies – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-09-07.
- ^ a b c House, Ryan; Burns, Kevin J. (2020-03-04), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.), "Metallic-green Tanager (Tangara labradorides)", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.megtan1.01, retrieved 2021-10-29
- ^ a b Burns, Kevin J; Naoki, Kazuya (2004). "Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Neotropical tanagers in the genus Tangara". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32 (3): 838–854. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.013. PMID 15288060.
- ^ Sedano, Raul E.; Burns, Kevin J. (2010-01-19). "Are the Northern Andes a species pump for Neotropical birds? Phylogenetics and biogeography of a clade of Neotropical tanagers (Aves: Thraupini)". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (2): 325–343. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02200.x. S2CID 53063036.
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