Heavener Runestone: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Oklahoma runestones]] |
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{{Infobox runestone |
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| picture = [[File:Heavener-runestenen.jpg|300px]] |
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| caption = Heavener runestone with the runes copied above. |
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| name = Heavener Runestone |
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| rundataid = |
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| country = {{USA}} |
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| region = [[Poteau Mountain]] |
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| city = [[Heavener, Oklahoma]] |
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| produced = |
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| artist = |
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| style = |
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| text_native = Elder Futhark |
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| text_english = |
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}} |
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The '''Heavener Runestone''' is an inscribed stone located in [[Heavener, Oklahoma]]. The land on which it sits is now a [[Heavener Runestone State Park|state park]] on Poteau Mountain, just outside the town limits. The origin of the stone's [[runic alphabet|runic]] carvings is disputed.<ref>http://www.sunnyway.com/runes/americanstones.html</ref> |
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{{Coord|34|53|55|N|94|34|45|W|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark_region:US-OK}} |
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==News== |
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The Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department announced in March 2011 that it would close the Heavener Runestone State Park on August 15 due to budget cuts.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.poteaudailynews.com/content/breaking-news-heavener-runestone-state-park-closing-due-budget-cuts |title=Heavener Runestone State Park Closing Due To Budget Cuts |date=March 5, 2011 |author=Regina Smith |work=Poteau Daily News}}</ref> However, the City of Heavener agreed to assume ownership and operation of the 55-acre park beginning July 1, 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.swtimes.com/week-in-review/news/article_2b263e18-943c-11e0-82ca-001cc4c03286.html |title=Brushy Lake State Park Transfers To Sallisaw |author=Mary L. Crider |date=June 11, 2011 |work=The Times Record}}</ref> |
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==Inscription== |
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The inscription has been rejected by [[Scandinavia]]n [[philology|philologists]] and [[runology|runologists]], who consider it most likely modern (19th or early 20th century). The reading of the "[[Elder Futhark]]" style runes is probably "'''GNOMEDAL'''" (meaning "Gnome Valley", or perhaps a personal name "G. Nomedal"). |
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The difficulty of using the Heavener Runestone to demonstrate [[Viking]] exploration of the area is that the [[Elder Futhark]] had become obsolete by the 8th century, long before the Viking expeditions to [[Greenland]] and [[Vinland]]. Also, only six of the eight characters are correct [[Elder Futhark]] runes. A transliteration would read "'''G [rough backwards N] O M E D A [backwards L]'''". |
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==Archaeology== |
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Archaeologist [[Ken Feder]] notes that unlike the situation in eastern Canada where evidence has been found that proves a Norse presence, nothing similar has been found anywhere near Heavener or even in the American Midwest. He suggests that "it is unlikely that the Norse would get significantly more fastidious about leaving any evidence behind of their presence in Oklahoma."<ref>[[Kenneth L. Feder]], ''Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis To The Walam Olum'', page 137 (Greenwood, 2010). ISBN 978-0-313-37919-2</ref> |
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==Cultural significance== |
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* In 1991, [[Carl Albert State College]] in nearby Poteau changed its mascot to a [[Viking]] in the stone's honor. |
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* [[Don Coldsmith|Don Coldsmith's]] 1995 novel ''Runestone'', offers a speculative theory about how an 11th century [[Viking]] could have made his way to the area of Heavener. |
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== See also == |
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* [[Poteau Runestone]] |
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* [[Shawnee Runestone]] |
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* [[Turkey Mountain inscriptions]] |
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* [[Kensington Runestone]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.sunnyway.com/runes/americanstones.html North American Rune Stones] |
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*[http://privatei.com/~bartjean/chap9.htm The Oklahoma Runestones] |
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*[http://www.heavener.k12.ok.us/community/runestone/rune.htm The Heavener Runestone] |
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*[http://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.3398 Heavener Runestone State Park] |
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{{coord missing|Oklahoma}} |
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[[Category:Geography of Le Flore County, Oklahoma]] |
[[Category:Geography of Le Flore County, Oklahoma]] |
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[[Category:Out-of-place artifacts]] |
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[[Category:Pseudoarchaeology]] |
[[Category:Pseudoarchaeology]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Le Flore County, Oklahoma]] |
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[[Category:Visitor attractions in Le Flore County, Oklahoma]] |
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[[Category:American runestones]] |
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[[da:Heavener-runestenen]] |
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[[nl:Heavener runensteen]] |
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[[pl:Kamień runiczny z Heavener]] |
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