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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name=SAM-9
| name=SAM-9
| image=
| image=File:KN SAM9 1937.jpg
| caption=
| caption=
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type=
| type=
| national origin=[[USSR]]
| national origin=[[USSR]]
| manufacturer=
| manufacturer=GAZ-18, [[Voronezh]]
| designer=Alksandr Sergeyevitch Moskalyev
| designer=Aleksandr Sergeyevitch Moskalyev
| first flight=early 1937
| first flight=early 1937
| introduced=
| introduced=
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|}
|}


The '''Moskalyev SAM-9 {{lang|ru|Strela}} (Arrow)''' was a
The '''Moskalyev SAM-9 {{lang|ru|Strela}} (Arrow)''' was a one-off, [[Soviet]], 1930s [[experimental aircraft|experimental]] [[tailless aircraft]] designed to test the characteristics of a leaf-shaped low-aspect-ratio [[delta wing]].


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
⚫
As early as 1933, Aleksandr Moskalyev was designing a rocket-powered, tailless aircraft with a highly-swept short-span curved [[delta wing]] with wingtip [[fin]]s and [[rudder]]s, able to fly faster than sound. Because no sufficiently powerful engines were available at the time, the [[Moskalyev SAM-4 Sigma]] was never built but it led to two interim types, the [[Moskalyev SAM-7 Sigma|SAM-7 Sigma]] and SAM-9 Strela.<ref name=Russ/>


The tailless Strela was built to test the behaviour of the SAM-4's radically new wing plan using a highly swept [[delta wing|delta]] with moderately convex [[leading edge|leading]] and trailing edges.
⚫
As early as 1933, Alksandr Moskalyev was designing a rocket-powered, tailless aircraft with an [[ogive|ogival]] or [[gothic arch|gothic]] [[delta wing]] with wingtip [[fin]]s and [[rudder]]s, able to fly faster than sound. Because no sufficiently powerful engines were available at the time, the [[Moskalyev SAM-4]] Sigma never left the drawing board but it did lead to two interim types, the [[Moskalyev SAM-7|SAM-7 Sigma]] and SAM-9 Strela.<ref name=Russ/>


The tailless Strela was built to test the behaviour of the SAM-4's radically new wing plan which, had the [[leading edge]]s been straight, would have been a highly swept [[delta wing|delta]]. Instead they were moderately convex. Set at [[shoulder wing|shoulder]] height on the fuselage, the wing reached from the nose ahead of the engine back to mid-[[fin (aeronautics)|fin]]; including its broad-[[chord (aeronautics)|chord]] it reached the extreme tail. It had the unusually low [[aspect ratio (aeronautics)|aspect ratio]] of 0.925. Like rest of the Strela the structure was wooden. Control surfaces were [[aircraft fabric covering|fabric covered]] but the rest of the Strela was [[plywood|ply]] covered.<ref name=Russ/>
Set at [[shoulder wing|shoulder]] height, the [[wing root]] ran from ahead of the engine to the extreme tail and was fitted with broad-[[chord (aeronautics)|chord]] [[elevon]]s equipped with [[trim tab]]s. It had the unusually low [[aspect ratio (aeronautics)|aspect ratio]] of 0.925. Like the rest of the Strela, the wing structure was wood. Control surfaces were [[aircraft fabric covering|fabric covered]] but the rest of the Strela's skin was [[plywood]].<ref name=Russ/> Moskalyev had intended to use a {{cvt|570|kW}} [[Hispano-Suiza 12Y]] engine, but only a {{cvt|200|kW}} [[Renault 6P]] was available. The Strela's enclosed cockpit was at about mid-chord with a fairing behind it reaching the large, triangular fin with a narrow chord [[rudder]] equipped with a trim tab.<ref name=Russ/> The Strela had a fixed conventional [[landing gear|undercarriage]], with [[cantilever]] [[aircraft fairing|faired]] legs based on those of the [[Moskalyev SAM-5]] and a sprung tailskid.<ref name=Russ/>


⚫
It was first flown, at [[Voronezh]], in early 1937 by A.N.Rybo. A.N.Gusarov and A.P.Chernavskii explored its characteristics over the next few months, finding it controllable but demanding. The high landing [[angle of attack]] (around 20°) typical of delta wing aircraft was not yet familiar but worrying. In mid-1937 development of the SAM-9 was ended.<ref name=Russ/>
Moskalyev had intended to fit a {{cvt|760|hp|kW}} [[Hispano-Suiza 12Y]] engine in the Strela but only a {{cvt|270|hp|kW}} [[Renault 6P]] six-cylinder inverted engine was provided. Thr Srela's enclosed cockpit was at about mid-chord with a fairing behind it reaching to the large, blunted triangular fin. Its narrower [[rudder]], like the elevons, the rudder was tab-assisted.<ref name=Russ/>

The Strela had a tall, fixed, conventional [[landing gear|undercarriage]], with [[cantilever]] [[aircraft fairing|faired]] legs based on those of the [[Moskalyev SAM-5]] and a sprung tailskid.<ref name=Russ/>

⚫
It was first flown, at [[Voronezh]] in early 1937, by A.N.Rybo. A.N.Gusarov and A.P.Chernavskii explored its characteristics over the next few months, finding it controllable but demanding. The high landing [[angle of attack]] (20º) of delta-like wing aircraft was not then known. In mid-1937 development of the SAM-8 was terminated.<ref name=Russ/>


==Specifications ==
==Specifications ==
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|wing area note=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=0.975
|aspect ratio=0.975
|airfoil=modified RAF-38
|airfoil=modified RAF 38
|empty weight kg=470
|empty weight kg=470
|empty weight note=
|empty weight note=
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-->
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Voronezh MV-6
|eng1 name=[[Voronezh MV-6]]
|eng1 hp=270
|eng1 hp=270
|eng1 type=inverted 6-cylinder inline
|eng1 type=inverted 6-cylinder inline
|eng1 note=(licence built [[Renault 6P]])
|eng1 note=(licence-built Renault 6P)
|power original=
|power original=
|more power=
|more power=


|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
Line 93: Line 90:


|max speed kmh=310
|max speed kmh=310
|max speed note=at sea level
|max speed note=maximum achieved at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed mph=
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|range note=
|range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling m=1500
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=maximum achieved
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
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{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=


<ref name=Russ>{{cite book |title= The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995|last=Gunston|first=Bill|year=1995 |publisher=Osprey (Reed Consumer Books Ltd) |location=London |isbn= 1 85532 405 9|page=251-2}}</ref>
<ref name=Russ>{{cite book |title= The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995|last=Gunston|first=Bill|year=1995 |publisher=Osprey (Reed Consumer Books Ltd) |location=London |isbn= 1-85532-405-9|pages=251–2}}</ref>


}}
}}
<!-- ==Further reading== -->
<!-- ==External links== -->

<!-- Navboxes go here -->



{{Moskalyev aircraft}}


[[Category:]]
[[Category:Tailless aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:1930s Soviet experimental aircraft]]
[[Category:Moskalyev aircraft]]
[[Category:Soviet inventions]]
[[Category:Russian inventions]]

Latest revision as of 04:51, 19 January 2023

SAM-9
Role
National origin USSR
Manufacturer GAZ-18, Voronezh
Designer Aleksandr Sergeyevitch Moskalyev
First flight early 1937
Number built 1

The Moskalyev SAM-9 Strela (Arrow) was a one-off, Soviet, 1930s experimental tailless aircraft designed to test the characteristics of a leaf-shaped low-aspect-ratio delta wing.

Design and development

[edit]

As early as 1933, Aleksandr Moskalyev was designing a rocket-powered, tailless aircraft with a highly-swept short-span curved delta wing with wingtip fins and rudders, able to fly faster than sound. Because no sufficiently powerful engines were available at the time, the Moskalyev SAM-4 Sigma was never built but it led to two interim types, the SAM-7 Sigma and SAM-9 Strela.[1]

The tailless Strela was built to test the behaviour of the SAM-4's radically new wing plan using a highly swept delta with moderately convex leading and trailing edges.

Set at shoulder height, the wing root ran from ahead of the engine to the extreme tail and was fitted with broad-chord elevons equipped with trim tabs. It had the unusually low aspect ratio of 0.925. Like the rest of the Strela, the wing structure was wood. Control surfaces were fabric covered but the rest of the Strela's skin was plywood.[1] Moskalyev had intended to use a 570 kW (760 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y engine, but only a 200 kW (270 hp) Renault 6P was available. The Strela's enclosed cockpit was at about mid-chord with a fairing behind it reaching the large, triangular fin with a narrow chord rudder equipped with a trim tab.[1] The Strela had a fixed conventional undercarriage, with cantilever faired legs based on those of the Moskalyev SAM-5 and a sprung tailskid.[1]

It was first flown, at Voronezh, in early 1937 by A.N.Rybo. A.N.Gusarov and A.P.Chernavskii explored its characteristics over the next few months, finding it controllable but demanding. The high landing angle of attack (around 20°) typical of delta wing aircraft was not yet familiar but worrying. In mid-1937 development of the SAM-9 was ended.[1]

Specifications

[edit]

Data from Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one
  • Length: 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in)
  • Wingspan: 3.55 m (11 ft 8 in)
  • Wing area: 13.0 m2 (140 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 0.975
  • Airfoil: modified RAF 38
  • Empty weight: 470 kg (1,036 lb)
  • Gross weight: 630 kg (1,389 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Voronezh MV-6 inverted 6-cylinder inline, 200 kW (270 hp) (licence-built Renault 6P)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 310 km/h (190 mph, 170 kn) maximum achieved at sea level
  • Service ceiling: 1,500 m (4,900 ft) maximum achieved
  • Take-off run: 200 m (660 ft)
  • Landing run 100 m (330 ft)
  • Landing speed: 102 km/h (63 mph; 55 kn)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995. London: Osprey (Reed Consumer Books Ltd). pp. 251–2. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
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