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The '''Wimbledon and Dorking Railway''' (WDR) was an early railway company in southern England. The original plan was not fully implemented because the proposed route overlapped with other proposed and existing lines. The part actually constructed became the first section of what was later known as the ''Mole Valley Line''.
The '''Wimbledon and Dorking Railway''' (W&DR) was an early railway company in southern England. It was independently promoted with the intention of penetrating into West Sussex, but it only succeeded in getting authorisation as far as [[Epsom]]. It joined the [[Epsom and Leatherhead Railway]] there, and opened in 1859.

It was absorbed into the [[London and South Western Railway]] (LSWR) in 1862. It was electrified in 1925.

Today it forms an important part of the Surrey commuter network


==History==
==History==
===Croydon and Epsom Railway===
The [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]] (LBSCR) had had a service to {{rws|Epsom}} since 1847, superceding the LSWR at {{rws|Surbiton}} as the railhead for Epsom races. Determined to get a share of the race traffic, the [[London and South Western Railway]] (LSWR) backed the WDR, formed by an Act of 27 July 1857<ref>{{cite book |last= White |first= H. P. |series = A Regional History of The Railways of Great Britain |title= Greater London |volume= 3 |edition= 3rd |year= 1987 |page= 63 |publisher= David & Charles |location= Newton Abbot}}</ref>. The original ambitious plans envisaged a route from {{rws|Wimbledon}} via Epsom and the Mole Valley gap to {{rws|Dorking}}, but this was truncated to accommodate other approved lines in the area. As built it ran from "Epsom Junction" (now {{rws|Raynes Park}}), on the LSWR main line, via {{rws|Worcester Park}} and {{rws|Stoneleigh}} to Epsom where it connected end-on to the [[Epsom and Leatherhead Railway]]. The continuation to {{rws|Dorking}} was abandoned, only to be completed 10 years later under LBSCR auspices by the [[Horsham, Dorking and Leatherhead Railway]].
[[File:Wimble&Dork.png|thumb|System map of the Wimbledon and Dorking Railway]]
The [[London and Croydon Railway]] was operational in 1839, and by means of an affiliated company, the [[Croydon and Epsom Railway]], had powers granted on 29 July 1844 to reach Epsom.<ref name = turner1-243>J T Howard Turner, ''The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, volume 1: Origins and Formation'', B T Batsford Ltd, London, 1977, ISBN 0 7134 0275 X, page 243 and 247</ref> The London and Croydon Railway amalgamated with the [[London and Brighton Railway]] and the Croydon and Epsom Railway, as well as certain others, resulting in the formation of the [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]] (LBSCR), by Act of 27 July 1846.<ref name = turner1-277>Turner, volume 1, page 277</ref>

The Croydon and Epsom line opened to Epsom on 10 May 1847.<ref name = turner2-7>J T Howard Turner, ''The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, volume 2: Establishment and Growth'', B T Batsford Ltd, London, 1978, 0 7134 1198 8, page 7</ref> The Epsom station was some way east of the present-day station, on the north side of Upper High Street.<ref name = jackson32>Alan A Jackson, ''The Railway in Surrey'', Atlantic Transport Publishing, Penryn, 1999, ISBN 090 68999 0 7, page 32</ref>

===Epsom and Leatherhead Railway===
On 14 July 1856 the Epsom and Leatherhead Railway was authorised, with authorised share capital of £30,000. An independent short line, it had suffered antagonistic opposition in Parliament, which prevented it from extending at either end. The E&LR had no large company sponsoring it, and its supporters were free to secure the support of the LBSCR or the LSWR. The E&LR was completed on 1 February 1859 and worked by the LSWR. For a short time it was isolated from other railways.<ref name = white56>H P White, ''A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume 3: Greater London'', David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1963, new edition 1971, ISBN 0 7153 5337 3, page 56</ref><ref name = white-southern104>H P White, ''A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume II: Southern England'', Phoenix House, London, 1961, pages 104 and 105</ref><ref name = grant616>Donald J Grant, ''Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain'', Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, ISBN 978 1785893 537, page 616</ref><ref name = williams1-151>Williams. Volume 1, pages 151 to 153</ref>

===Wimbledon and Dorking Railway===
[[File:Worcester park station.jpg|thumb|Worcester park station]]
Independent promoters put forward a Wimbledon and Dorking Railway, intended to extend the E&LR at each end. It would leave the LSWR main line west of [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], and run to Epsom, and then from Leatherhead to [[Dorking]]. The first prospectus showed a connection at Dorking to the [[South Eastern Railway (England)|South Eastern Railway]], which ran west to east between [[Guildford]] and [[Reigate]]. However the W&DR Parliamentary Bill in the 1857 session applied only for the northern section, {{frac|5|3|4}} miles long. The Act was passed on 27 July 1857; the authorised share capital was £70.000. The LSWR had opposed at first, but was mollified by an agreement that it should work and maintain the line for forty-five per cent of gross receipts, taking £30,000 in shares and appointing two directors.<ref name = williams1-151/><ref name = grant616/> <ref name = white56/>

The LSWR had made a territorial exclusivity agreement several years previously: each agreed not to make or encourage lines that encroached into the other's natural territory, and when the E&LR asked the LSWR to work its line, the LSWR primly refused. The W&DR did not enter into the disputed territory, and was falling into the LSWR camp, but a proposed amalgamation of the W&DR and the ELR would infringe the agreement, and the LSWR opposed an 1858 Bill proposing that amalgamation.<ref name = williams1-151/>

The W&DR double line, surveyed by Crosse, was built by [[Thomas Brassey]], though bad weather and scarcity of men and materials made him late with both. The W&DR line was opened to traffic on 4 April 1859; the junction with the LSWR main line was named Epsom Junction, and was located at the site of the later [[Raynes Park railway station|Raynes Park station]]. Like the E&LR, the line was worked by the LSWR.<ref name = white56/><ref name = grant616/><ref name = williams1-151/>

In 1859 the W&DR owning company made an alliance with the Epsom and Leatherhead Railway and the proposed Portsmouth Direct Railway, intending to extend from Leatherhead to Dorking, and ultimately [[Portsmouth]] via [[Chichester]], but this project was turned down by Parliament in 1859.<ref name = williams1-151/> On 29 July 1859 the LBSCR reached an agreement settling further territorial disputes; part of the agreement left the LBSCR in sole possession of the area south of Leatherhead, and the aspirations of the W&DR to extend in that direction were at an end.<ref name = williams1-151/>

===Epsom stations===
On 8 August 1859 the Epsom station of the LBSCR was connected to the E&LR and LBSCR trains worked through on to that line. The Wimbledon line had a passenger train service of seven trains every weekday. <ref name = jackson33>Alan A Jackson, ''The Railway in Surrey'', Atlantic Transport Publishing, Penryn, 1999, ISBN 090 68999 0 7, page 33</ref>

===Absorption of the WDR===
In 1860 the W&DR complained bitterly that its legitimate income was restricted because of diversion of traffic by the LBSCR. The LSWR decided it was time to buy out the W&DR and made an offer, but it was turned down by W&DR shareholders. The W&DR had a short section of line at Epsom, which the LBSCR used to reach the E&LR and the W&DR started proceedings in the High Court to prevent the LBSCR using it. Further petulant measures followed, but at length it was obvious that the future involved a takeover by the LSWR, and this was agreed from 3 April 1861.<ref name = williams1-156>Williams, volume 1, page 156</ref><ref name = grant616/>

The LSWR absorbed the W&DR by Act of 3 June 1862.<ref name = white56/><ref name = grant616/><ref name = williams1-151/>

===Train service===
The 1904 timetables show 22 down trains to Epsom.<ref name = white59>White, page 59</ref>

===Raynes Park station and junction===
A station opened at Epsom Junction, where the W&DR converged with the LSWR main line. It was called Raynes Park, and its opening date was 30 October 1871. AT first it served only the Epsom line and the Kingston line. This was followed on 16 March 1884 by the commissioning of a burrowing junction there, by which the Up Epsom line was carried under the main lines to avoid conflicts.<ref name = williams2-78>R A Williams, ''The London and South Western Railway: volume 2: Growth and Consolidation'', David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1973, ISBN 0 7153 5940 1, page 78</ref>

===Electrification===
Surrey's first section of the Southern Electric came into operation on 12 July 1925, running over the lines from Raynes Park to Epsom and Dorking. The third rail direct current system was used.<ref name = jackson82>Jackson, page 82</ref><ref name = brown43>David Brown, ''Southern Electric, volume 1, Development of the London Suburban Network and Its Trains'', Capital Transport Publishing, Crowthorne, 2009, ISBN 978-1854143303, pages 43 and 44</ref>

==Chessington branch==
Much later the line was the basis for the [[Chessington branch line|Chessington branch]] from {{rws|Motspur Park}} (itself a later addition) to {{rws|Chessington South}}. That was the last line built by the [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]], opened on 28 May 1938 to {{rws|Tolworth}} and to Chessington South on 29 May 1939. The branch was originally planned to continue to Leatherhead with stations at Malden Rushett and Ashtead, but war intervened, and apart from some preliminary civil engineering west of Chessington South station the scheme was never built.<ref name = white66>White, pages 66 and 67</ref><ref name = rly-mag>Alan A Jackson, ''Chessington – Southern Suburban Swansong'', Railway Magazine January 1974, pages 4 to 8</ref>

==Passenger train services==
The Raynes Park to Epsom line links the [[South West Main Line]] to several routes through Surrey. As of 2020 it is used for the following weekday off-peak services by [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]] from {{rws|London Waterloo}}:
* Waterloo to Chessington South
* Waterloo to {{rws|Guildford}} via Epsom
* Waterloo to {{rws|Dorking}} via Epsom

Epsom also has Southern services from {{rws|London Victoria}} and {{rws|London Bridge}}, providing connections beyond Dorking to {{rws|Horsham}} and back to [[Sutton railway station (London)|Sutton]] and South London.


==Locations==
The 5¾ mile line opened on 4 April 1859 and was worked by the LSWR, which formally acquired the company on 3 June 1862.<ref>{{cite book |last= Grant |first= Donald J. |title = Directory of The Railway Companies of Great Britain |year= 2017 |page= 616 |publisher= Troubador Publishing Ltd. |location= Leicester}}</ref>
* ''Epsom Junction'';
* Raynes Park; opened 30 October 1871; still open;
* Motspur Park; opened 12 July 1925; still open;
* Old Malden and Worcester Park; opened 4 April 1859; renamed Worcester Park 1862; still open;
* Stoneleigh; opened 17 July 1932; still open;
* Ewell; opened 4 April 1859; renamed Ewell West 9 July 1923;
* Epsom; open 1 February 1859; still open. <ref name = quick>M E Quick, ''Railway Passenger Stations in England, Wales and Scotland: A Chronology'', version 5.04, September 2022, Railway and Canal Historical Society, electronic download</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[:Category:Early British railway companies]]
[[Category:Early British railway companies]]

Latest revision as of 17:32, 30 January 2023

The Wimbledon and Dorking Railway (W&DR) was an early railway company in southern England. It was independently promoted with the intention of penetrating into West Sussex, but it only succeeded in getting authorisation as far as Epsom. It joined the Epsom and Leatherhead Railway there, and opened in 1859.

It was absorbed into the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) in 1862. It was electrified in 1925.

Today it forms an important part of the Surrey commuter network

History

[edit]

Croydon and Epsom Railway

[edit]
System map of the Wimbledon and Dorking Railway

The London and Croydon Railway was operational in 1839, and by means of an affiliated company, the Croydon and Epsom Railway, had powers granted on 29 July 1844 to reach Epsom.[1] The London and Croydon Railway amalgamated with the London and Brighton Railway and the Croydon and Epsom Railway, as well as certain others, resulting in the formation of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR), by Act of 27 July 1846.[2]

The Croydon and Epsom line opened to Epsom on 10 May 1847.[3] The Epsom station was some way east of the present-day station, on the north side of Upper High Street.[4]

Epsom and Leatherhead Railway

[edit]

On 14 July 1856 the Epsom and Leatherhead Railway was authorised, with authorised share capital of £30,000. An independent short line, it had suffered antagonistic opposition in Parliament, which prevented it from extending at either end. The E&LR had no large company sponsoring it, and its supporters were free to secure the support of the LBSCR or the LSWR. The E&LR was completed on 1 February 1859 and worked by the LSWR. For a short time it was isolated from other railways.[5][6][7][8]

Wimbledon and Dorking Railway

[edit]
Worcester park station

Independent promoters put forward a Wimbledon and Dorking Railway, intended to extend the E&LR at each end. It would leave the LSWR main line west of Wimbledon, and run to Epsom, and then from Leatherhead to Dorking. The first prospectus showed a connection at Dorking to the South Eastern Railway, which ran west to east between Guildford and Reigate. However the W&DR Parliamentary Bill in the 1857 session applied only for the northern section, 5+3⁄4 miles long. The Act was passed on 27 July 1857; the authorised share capital was £70.000. The LSWR had opposed at first, but was mollified by an agreement that it should work and maintain the line for forty-five per cent of gross receipts, taking £30,000 in shares and appointing two directors.[8][7] [5]

The LSWR had made a territorial exclusivity agreement several years previously: each agreed not to make or encourage lines that encroached into the other's natural territory, and when the E&LR asked the LSWR to work its line, the LSWR primly refused. The W&DR did not enter into the disputed territory, and was falling into the LSWR camp, but a proposed amalgamation of the W&DR and the ELR would infringe the agreement, and the LSWR opposed an 1858 Bill proposing that amalgamation.[8]

The W&DR double line, surveyed by Crosse, was built by Thomas Brassey, though bad weather and scarcity of men and materials made him late with both. The W&DR line was opened to traffic on 4 April 1859; the junction with the LSWR main line was named Epsom Junction, and was located at the site of the later Raynes Park station. Like the E&LR, the line was worked by the LSWR.[5][7][8]

In 1859 the W&DR owning company made an alliance with the Epsom and Leatherhead Railway and the proposed Portsmouth Direct Railway, intending to extend from Leatherhead to Dorking, and ultimately Portsmouth via Chichester, but this project was turned down by Parliament in 1859.[8] On 29 July 1859 the LBSCR reached an agreement settling further territorial disputes; part of the agreement left the LBSCR in sole possession of the area south of Leatherhead, and the aspirations of the W&DR to extend in that direction were at an end.[8]

Epsom stations

[edit]

On 8 August 1859 the Epsom station of the LBSCR was connected to the E&LR and LBSCR trains worked through on to that line. The Wimbledon line had a passenger train service of seven trains every weekday. [9]

Absorption of the WDR

[edit]

In 1860 the W&DR complained bitterly that its legitimate income was restricted because of diversion of traffic by the LBSCR. The LSWR decided it was time to buy out the W&DR and made an offer, but it was turned down by W&DR shareholders. The W&DR had a short section of line at Epsom, which the LBSCR used to reach the E&LR and the W&DR started proceedings in the High Court to prevent the LBSCR using it. Further petulant measures followed, but at length it was obvious that the future involved a takeover by the LSWR, and this was agreed from 3 April 1861.[10][7]

The LSWR absorbed the W&DR by Act of 3 June 1862.[5][7][8]

Train service

[edit]

The 1904 timetables show 22 down trains to Epsom.[11]

Raynes Park station and junction

[edit]

A station opened at Epsom Junction, where the W&DR converged with the LSWR main line. It was called Raynes Park, and its opening date was 30 October 1871. AT first it served only the Epsom line and the Kingston line. This was followed on 16 March 1884 by the commissioning of a burrowing junction there, by which the Up Epsom line was carried under the main lines to avoid conflicts.[12]

Electrification

[edit]

Surrey's first section of the Southern Electric came into operation on 12 July 1925, running over the lines from Raynes Park to Epsom and Dorking. The third rail direct current system was used.[13][14]

Chessington branch

[edit]

Much later the line was the basis for the Chessington branch from Motspur Park (itself a later addition) to Chessington South. That was the last line built by the Southern Railway, opened on 28 May 1938 to Tolworth and to Chessington South on 29 May 1939. The branch was originally planned to continue to Leatherhead with stations at Malden Rushett and Ashtead, but war intervened, and apart from some preliminary civil engineering west of Chessington South station the scheme was never built.[15][16]

Passenger train services

[edit]

The Raynes Park to Epsom line links the South West Main Line to several routes through Surrey. As of 2020 it is used for the following weekday off-peak services by South Western Railway from London Waterloo:

  • Waterloo to Chessington South
  • Waterloo to Guildford via Epsom
  • Waterloo to Dorking via Epsom

Epsom also has Southern services from London Victoria and London Bridge, providing connections beyond Dorking to Horsham and back to Sutton and South London.

Locations

[edit]
  • Epsom Junction;
  • Raynes Park; opened 30 October 1871; still open;
  • Motspur Park; opened 12 July 1925; still open;
  • Old Malden and Worcester Park; opened 4 April 1859; renamed Worcester Park 1862; still open;
  • Stoneleigh; opened 17 July 1932; still open;
  • Ewell; opened 4 April 1859; renamed Ewell West 9 July 1923;
  • Epsom; open 1 February 1859; still open. [17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ J T Howard Turner, The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, volume 1: Origins and Formation, B T Batsford Ltd, London, 1977, ISBN 0 7134 0275 X, page 243 and 247
  2. ^ Turner, volume 1, page 277
  3. ^ J T Howard Turner, The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, volume 2: Establishment and Growth, B T Batsford Ltd, London, 1978, 0 7134 1198 8, page 7
  4. ^ Alan A Jackson, The Railway in Surrey, Atlantic Transport Publishing, Penryn, 1999, ISBN 090 68999 0 7, page 32
  5. ^ a b c d H P White, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume 3: Greater London, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1963, new edition 1971, ISBN 0 7153 5337 3, page 56
  6. ^ H P White, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume II: Southern England, Phoenix House, London, 1961, pages 104 and 105
  7. ^ a b c d e Donald J Grant, Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain, Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, ISBN 978 1785893 537, page 616
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Williams. Volume 1, pages 151 to 153
  9. ^ Alan A Jackson, The Railway in Surrey, Atlantic Transport Publishing, Penryn, 1999, ISBN 090 68999 0 7, page 33
  10. ^ Williams, volume 1, page 156
  11. ^ White, page 59
  12. ^ R A Williams, The London and South Western Railway: volume 2: Growth and Consolidation, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1973, ISBN 0 7153 5940 1, page 78
  13. ^ Jackson, page 82
  14. ^ David Brown, Southern Electric, volume 1, Development of the London Suburban Network and Its Trains, Capital Transport Publishing, Crowthorne, 2009, ISBN 978-1854143303, pages 43 and 44
  15. ^ White, pages 66 and 67
  16. ^ Alan A Jackson, Chessington – Southern Suburban Swansong, Railway Magazine January 1974, pages 4 to 8
  17. ^ M E Quick, Railway Passenger Stations in England, Wales and Scotland: A Chronology, version 5.04, September 2022, Railway and Canal Historical Society, electronic download
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