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{{Short description|Clade of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Paleocene]]<ref name=Mourer-Chaviré1995>Mourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95-105</ref> <ref>Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. {{ISBN|978-1-119-02076-9}}.</ref> - [[Holocene]] {{fossilrange|60|0|earliest=63}}
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] - [[Holocene]], {{fossilrange|75|0}}

<small>Possibly an earlier origin based on [[molecular clock]]<ref name=Kuhletal2020>{{cite journal | first1 = H. | last1 = Kuhl | first2 = C. | last2 = Frankl-Vilches | first3 = A. | last3 = Bakker | first4 = G. | last4 = Mayr | first5 = G. | last5 = Nikolaus | first6 = S. T. | last6 = Boerno | first7 = S. | last7 = Klages | first8 = B. | last8 = Timmermann | first9 = M. | last9 = Gahr | year = 2020 | title = An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life. | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 38 | pages = 108–127 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msaa191| pmid = 32781465 |pmc=7783168 | doi-access = free }}</ref></small>
| image = Charadrius-melodus-004 edit.jpg
| image = Charadrius-melodus-004 edit.jpg
| image_caption = [[Piping plover]] (''Charadrius melodus'')
| image_caption = [[Piping plover]] (''Charadrius melodus'')
| image2 = Ralaqu.jpg
| image2 = Rallus aquaticus - Ralaqu.jpg
| image2_caption = [[Water rail]] (''Rallus aquaticus'')
| image2_caption = [[Water rail]] (''Rallus aquaticus'')
| taxon = Gruimorphae
| taxon = Gruimorphae
|display_parents = 4
| display_parents = 4
| authority = Bonaparte, 1854
| authority = Bonaparte, 1854
| subdivision_ranks = Orders
| subdivision_ranks = Orders
| subdivision =
| subdivision = *[[Charadriiformes]]
*[[Charadriiformes]]
*[[Gruiformes]]
*[[Gruiformes]]
| synonyms = *Charadriimorphae
*Gruicharadriae
}}
}}


'''Gruimorphae'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jboyd.net/Taxo/List7.html|title=TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes|author=|date=|website=www.jboyd.net|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> is a [[clade]] of birds that contains the orders [[Charadriiformes]] (plovers, gulls, and allies) and [[Gruiformes]] (cranes and rails) identified by molecular analysis.<ref name=Jarvis2014>{{cite journal | last1 = Jarvis | first1 = E.D. | display-authors = etal | year = 2014 | title = Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6215/1320.abstract | journal = Science | volume = 346 | issue = 6215| pages = 1320–1331 | doi=10.1126/science.1253451 | pmid=25504713 | pmc=4405904}}</ref><ref>Kuhl, H. ''et al''. (2020) [https://academic.oup.com/mbe/advance-article/doi/10.1093/molbev/msaa191/5891114 An unbiased molecular approach using 3’UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life]. ''Molecular Biology and Evolution''. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191</ref> This grouping has had historical support, as various charadriiform families such as the families [[Plains-wanderer|Pedionomidae]] and [[Buttonquail|Turnicidae]] were classified as gruiforms.<ref>Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867;1867:415–472.</ref><ref>Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the ‘waders’ (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ. ''Ibis''. 1931b; 73: 712–771</ref><ref>Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ. ''Ibis''. 1931a; 73: 491–534</ref>
'''Gruimorphae'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jboyd.net/Taxo/List7.html|title=TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes|website=www.jboyd.net|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> is a [[clade]] of birds that contains the orders [[Charadriiformes]] (plovers, gulls, and allies) and [[Gruiformes]] (cranes and rails) identified by molecular analysis.<ref name=Jarvis2014>{{cite journal | last1 = Jarvis | first1 = E.D. | display-authors = etal | year = 2014 | title = Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds | url= | journal = Science | volume = 346 | issue = 6215| pages = 1320–1331 | doi=10.1126/science.1253451 | pmid=25504713 | pmc=4405904| bibcode = 2014Sci...346.1320J }}</ref><ref name=Kuhletal2020/> This grouping has had historical support, as various charadriiform families such as the families [[Plains-wanderer|Pedionomidae]] and [[Buttonquail|Turnicidae]] were classified as gruiforms.<ref>Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867;1867:415–472.</ref><ref>Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the ‘waders’ (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ. ''Ibis''. 1931b; 73: 712–771</ref><ref>Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ. ''Ibis''. 1931a; 73: 491–534</ref> It may also have support from the fossil record since the discovery of ''[[Nahmavis]]'' from the [[Early Eocene]] of [[North America]].
<ref name=MussClar20>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Musser |first1=G. |last2=Clarke |first2=J.A. |date=2020 |title=An Exceptionally Preserved Specimen From the Green River Formation Elucidates Complex Phenotypic Evolution in Gruiformes and Charadriiformes |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=8 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2020.559929 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}</ref>


The relationship between these birds is due to similar anatomical and behavioral characteristics. A morphological study went further to suggest that the gruiforms might be paraphyletic in respect to the [[shorebird]]s, with the [[Rallidae|rail]]s being closely related to the [[buttonquail]]s.<ref name=Livezey&Zusi2007>{{cite journal|last1=Livezey|first1=B. C.|last2=Zusi|first2=R. L.|title=Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|volume=149|issue=1|pages=1–95|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x|pmid=18784798|pmc=2517308}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/archosauria/aves/neognathia.html|title=Neognathia|author=|date=|website=www.helsinki.fi|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref>
The relationship between these birds is due to similar anatomical and behavioral characteristics. A morphological study went further to suggest that the gruiforms might be paraphyletic in respect to the [[shorebird]]s, with the [[Rallidae|rail]]s being closely related to the [[buttonquail]]s.<ref name=Livezey&Zusi2007>{{cite journal|last1=Livezey|first1=B. C.|last2=Zusi|first2=R. L.|title=Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2007|volume=149|issue=1|pages=1–95|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x|pmid=18784798|pmc=2517308}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/archosauria/aves/neognathia.html|title=Neognathia|website=www.helsinki.fi|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:52, 1 February 2023

Gruimorphae
Temporal range: Paleocene[1] [2] - Holocene 60–0 Ma Possibly an earlier origin based on molecular clock[3]
Piping plover (Charadrius melodus)
Water rail (Rallus aquaticus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Ornithurae
Class: Aves
Infraclass: Neognathae
Clade: Neoaves
Clade: Gruimorphae
Bonaparte, 1854
Orders
Synonyms
  • Charadriimorphae
  • Gruicharadriae

Gruimorphae[4] is a clade of birds that contains the orders Charadriiformes (plovers, gulls, and allies) and Gruiformes (cranes and rails) identified by molecular analysis.[5][3] This grouping has had historical support, as various charadriiform families such as the families Pedionomidae and Turnicidae were classified as gruiforms.[6][7][8] It may also have support from the fossil record since the discovery of Nahmavis from the Early Eocene of North America. [9]

The relationship between these birds is due to similar anatomical and behavioral characteristics. A morphological study went further to suggest that the gruiforms might be paraphyletic in respect to the shorebirds, with the rails being closely related to the buttonquails.[10][11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95-105
  2. ^ Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-119-02076-9.
  3. ^ a b Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38: 108–127. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168. PMID 32781465.
  4. ^ "TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes". www.jboyd.net. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  5. ^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  6. ^ Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867;1867:415–472.
  7. ^ Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the ‘waders’ (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ. Ibis. 1931b; 73: 712–771
  8. ^ Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ. Ibis. 1931a; 73: 491–534
  9. ^ Musser, G. & Clarke, J.A. (2020). "An Exceptionally Preserved Specimen From the Green River Formation Elucidates Complex Phenotypic Evolution in Gruiformes and Charadriiformes". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 8. doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.559929.
  10. ^ Livezey, B. C.; Zusi, R. L. (2007). "Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (1): 1–95. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x. PMC 2517308. PMID 18784798.
  11. ^ "Neognathia". www.helsinki.fi. Retrieved 10 April 2018.


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