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{{Short description|Species of flowering plants}}
{{italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Water Elm
|name = Water elm
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|image = NAS-130y Planera aquatica.png
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
|status = LC
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|status_system = IUCN3.1
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. |author2=Botanic Gardens Conservation International |collaboration=BGCI |date=2020 |title=''Planera aquatica'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T152858603A152905699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T152858603A152905699.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| familia = [[Ulmaceae]]
| genus = '''''Planera'''''
|genus = Planera
| species = '''''P. aquatica'''''
|species = aquatica
|authority = J.F.Gmel.<ref name=TPL_Planera/>
⚫
| binomial = ''Planera aquatica''
|range_map = Planera aquatica range map.jpg
| binomial_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|J. F. Gmel.]]
|range_map_caption = Natural range of the water elm
}}
}}


'''Planera aquatica''', or '''Water Elm''' is single species in the southeastern [[United States|U.S.A.]], a small [[deciduous]] [[tree]] 30 to 45 feet (10-15 m) tall, closely related to the [[Elm]]s but with a softly, prickly [[nut (fruit)|nut]] 10-15 mm diameter, instead of a winged seed. It grows, as the name suggests, on wet sites. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 3-7 cm long, with a serrated margin.
'''''Planera aquatica''''',<ref name=TPL_Planera>{{cite web |title=Search results for ''Planera''|work=The Plant List |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Planera |accessdate=1 March 2016 }}</ref> the '''planertree'''<ref name=":0">{{PLANTS|id=PLAQ|taxon=Planera aquatica|accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref> or '''water elm''', is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]. Found in the southeastern [[United States]], it is a small [[deciduous]] [[tree]] 10–15 m tall, closely related to the [[elm]]s but with a softly, prickly [[nut (fruit)|nut]] 10–15&nbsp;mm diameter, instead of a winged seed. It grows, as the name suggests, on wet sites. Despite its common English name, this species is not a true elm, although it is a close relative of the elms (species of the genus ''Ulmus''). It is also subject to [[Dutch elm disease]], a disease which affects only members of the Ulmaceae. It is native to most of the southeast United States. It is hardy down to Zone 7.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=347|title=Water Elm Ulmaceae ''Planera aquatica'' J.F. Gmel.|publisher=Virginia Tech Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation|accessdate=December 15, 2014}}</ref>


==Description==
It is moderately susceptible to [[Dutch Elm disease]].
<gallery>
File:Water Elm, Planera aquatica, Bark.jpg|Bark
File:Planera aquatica, Water Elm, Leaves.jpg|Leaves
File:Planera aquatica, Water Elm. Underside of leaf.jpg|Leaf underside displaying pubescence
File:Water Elm, Planera aquatica, fruit.jpg|Fruit with and without shell
</gallery>

* [[leaf|Leaves]]: alternate, 3–7&nbsp;cm long, with irregularly serrated to double serrated margins. Leaf base wedge-shaped or rounded. Leaf base often equal and symmetrical, but can be asymmetrical.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Kirkman, L. Katherine.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69792028|title=Native trees of the Southeast|date=2007|publisher=Timber Press|others=Brown, Claud L., 1925-, Leopold, Donald Joseph, 1956-|isbn=978-0-88192-828-0|location=Portland, Or.|oclc=69792028}}</ref> Thin [[Trichome|pubescent hair]] is often present on underside of leaf.
* Bark: gray-brown, thin, some flaky loose scales. Exfoliates to reveal red-brown area under bark.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Planera aquatica (Water Elm) {{!}} North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/planera-aquatica/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=plants.ces.ncsu.edu}}</ref>
* Fruit: a [[drupe]]. Has a green shell that turns brown with age. Matures April - May.<ref name=":1" />

===Distinguishing characteristics===
While often confused with true elms, it can be easily distinguished by noticing the fruit are drupes and not [[Samara (fruit)|samaras]]. When fruit are not in season, the flaky bark is unique to water elm and not characteristic of true elms.<ref name=":1" />

May also be confused with ''[[Celtis]]'' (hackberries), but hackberry leaves have pronounced lower lateral veins not found on water elm.<ref name=":1" />

==Ecology==
Typically found on alluvial floodplains subjected to seasonal or temporary flooding.<ref name=":1" /> Often found in swamps, streams, lakes, or in riparian areas. Has some wildlife value, food for bees and some bird species. Prefers sandy or gravelly, moist soils.<ref name=":2" />

Classified as an [[Wetland indicator status|obligate wetland plant (OBL)]].<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q14643457}}


[[Category:Ulmaceae]]
[[Category:Ulmaceae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin]]
⚫
{{Ulmaceae-stub}}



[[cs:Planera]]
⚫
{{Ulmaceae-stub}}
[[es:Planera]]
[[pt:Planera]]
[[ru:Планера водная]]
[[vi:Du nước]]
The planera is a big tree with expanding umbrella like branches usually found in illinois or ohio.

Latest revision as of 22:58, 10 February 2023

Water elm
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Planera
Species:
P. aquatica
Binomial name
Planera aquatica
J.F.Gmel.[2]
Natural range of the water elm

Planera aquatica,[2] the planertree[3] or water elm, is a species of flowering plant. Found in the southeastern United States, it is a small deciduous tree 10–15 m tall, closely related to the elms but with a softly, prickly nut 10–15 mm diameter, instead of a winged seed. It grows, as the name suggests, on wet sites. Despite its common English name, this species is not a true elm, although it is a close relative of the elms (species of the genus Ulmus). It is also subject to Dutch elm disease, a disease which affects only members of the Ulmaceae. It is native to most of the southeast United States. It is hardy down to Zone 7.[4]

Description

[edit]
  • Bark
    Bark
  • Leaves
    Leaves
  • Leaf underside displaying pubescence
    Leaf underside displaying pubescence
  • Fruit with and without shell
    Fruit with and without shell
  • Leaves: alternate, 3–7 cm long, with irregularly serrated to double serrated margins. Leaf base wedge-shaped or rounded. Leaf base often equal and symmetrical, but can be asymmetrical.[5] Thin pubescent hair is often present on underside of leaf.
  • Bark: gray-brown, thin, some flaky loose scales. Exfoliates to reveal red-brown area under bark.[5][6]
  • Fruit: a drupe. Has a green shell that turns brown with age. Matures April - May.[5]

Distinguishing characteristics

[edit]

While often confused with true elms, it can be easily distinguished by noticing the fruit are drupes and not samaras. When fruit are not in season, the flaky bark is unique to water elm and not characteristic of true elms.[5]

May also be confused with Celtis (hackberries), but hackberry leaves have pronounced lower lateral veins not found on water elm.[5]

Ecology

[edit]

Typically found on alluvial floodplains subjected to seasonal or temporary flooding.[5] Often found in swamps, streams, lakes, or in riparian areas. Has some wildlife value, food for bees and some bird species. Prefers sandy or gravelly, moist soils.[6]

Classified as an obligate wetland plant (OBL).[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020). "Planera aquatica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T152858603A152905699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T152858603A152905699.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Search results for Planera". The Plant List. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  3. ^ a b NRCS. "Planera aquatica". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  4. ^ "Water Elm Ulmaceae Planera aquatica J.F. Gmel". Virginia Tech Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Kirkman, L. Katherine. (2007). Native trees of the Southeast. Brown, Claud L., 1925-, Leopold, Donald Joseph, 1956-. Portland, Or.: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-828-0. OCLC 69792028.
  6. ^ a b "Planera aquatica (Water Elm) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-02.


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