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{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Virusbox
{{Taxobox
| image = Hepatitis B virus 1.jpg
| image = Hepatitis B virus 1.jpg
| image_caption = [[Transmission electron microscopy|TEM]] [[micrograph]] showing hepatitis B virions
| image_alt = TEM micrograph showing Hepatitis B virus virions
| image_caption = [[Transmission electron microscopy|TEM]] [[micrograph]] showing ''Hepatitis B virus'' virions
| virus_group = vii
⚫
| taxon = Orthohepadnavirus
| ordo = ''Unassigned''
| synonyms =
| familia = ''[[Hepadnaviridae]]''
| synonyms_ref =
⚫
| genus = '''''Orthohepadnavirus'''''
⚫
| type_species ''[[Hepatitis B virus]]''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision = See text
⚫
[[Ground squirrel hepatitis virus]]<br/>
⚫
[[Long-fingered bat hepatitis B virus]]<br/>
⚫
[[Pomona bat hepatitis B virus]]<br/>
⚫
[[Roundleaf bat hepatitis B virus]]<br/>
⚫
[[Tent-making bat hepatitis B virus]]<br/>
⚫
[[Woodchuck hepatitis virus]]<br/>
⚫
[[Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus]]
}}
}}


'''''Orthohepadnavirus''''' is a genus of [[viruses]], in the family [[Hepadnaviridae]]. Human and mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently five species in this genus including the type species [[Hepatitis B virus]]. Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic infections), cirrhosis.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/101.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref>
'''''Orthohepadnavirus''''' is a genus of [[virus]]es, in the family ''[[Hepadnaviridae]]''.<ref name="ICTVReport">{{cite web |title=ICTV Report Hepadnaviridae |url=http://www.ictv.global/report/hepadnaviridae}}</ref> Humans and other [[mammals]] serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus.<ref name=ICTVReport/> Diseases associated with this genus include: [[hepatitis]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]] (chronic infections), and [[cirrhosis]].<ref name=ICTVReport/><ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/101.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref>

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==Taxonomy==
The genus contains the following species:<ref>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |date=March 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[Capuchin monkey hepatitis B virus]]''
* ''[[Chinese shrew hepatitis B virus]]''
* ''[[Domestic cat hepatitis B virus]]''
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* ''[[Ground squirrel hepatitis virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Hepatitis B virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Long-fingered bat hepatitis B virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Pomona bat hepatitis B virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Roundleaf bat hepatitis B virus]]''
* ''[[Taï Forest hepadnavirus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Tent-making bat hepatitis B virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Woodchuck hepatitis virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus]]''


==Structure==
==Structure==
Viruses in Orthohepadnavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42&nbsp;nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins.<ref name=ViralZone />
Viruses in the genus ''Orthohepadnavirus'' are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42&nbsp;nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins.<ref name=ICTVReport/><ref name=ViralZone />


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
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! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|-
|Orthohepadnavirus||Icosahedral||T=4||Non-enveloped||Circular||Monopartite
|''Orthohepadnavirus''||Icosahedral||T=4||Non-enveloped||Circular||Monopartite
|}
|}


==Life cycle==
==Life cycle==
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export.
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.<ref name=ICTVReport/><ref name=ViralZone />
Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.<ref name=ViralZone />


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
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! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|-
|Orthohepadnavirus||Humans; mammals||Hepatocytes||Cell receptor endocytosis||Budding||Nucleus||Cytoplasm||Vertical: parental; sex; blood
|''Orthohepadnavirus''||Humans; mammals||Hepatocytes||Cell receptor endocytosis||Budding||Nucleus||Cytoplasm||Vertical: parental; sex; blood
|}
|}

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==Taxonomy==
<big>'''Group: ssRNA-RT'''</big>
{{Collapsible list|title= <big>Order: Unassigned</big>
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Family: [[Hepadnaviridae]]
|1={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: Orthohepadnavirus</small>}}
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*<small>[[Bat hepatitis virus]]</small>
⚫
*<small>[[Ground squirrel hepatitis virus]]</small>
*<small>'''''[[Hepatitis B virus]]'''''</small>
*<small>[[Woodchuck hepatitis virus]]</small>
⚫
*<small>[[Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus]]</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}
}}<ref name=ICTV />


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.ictv.global/report/hepadnaviridae '''ICTV Report:''' ''Hepadnaviridae'']
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/101.html '''Viralzone''': Orthohepadnavirus]
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/101.html '''Viralzone''': Orthohepadnavirus]

* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Baltimore classification}}


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[[Category:Hepadnaviridae]]
[[Category:Hepadnaviridae]]
[[Category:Virus genera]]

Latest revision as of 14:21, 13 February 2023

Orthohepadnavirus
TEM micrograph showing Hepatitis B virus virions
TEM micrograph showing Hepatitis B virus virions
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Blubervirales
Family: Hepadnaviridae
Genus: Orthohepadnavirus
Species

See text

Orthohepadnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae.[1] Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus.[1] Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic infections), and cirrhosis.[1][2]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus contains the following species:[3]

Structure

[edit]

Viruses in the genus Orthohepadnavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42 nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins.[1][2]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Orthohepadnavirus Icosahedral T=4 Non-enveloped Circular Monopartite

Life cycle

[edit]

Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.[1][2]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Orthohepadnavirus Humans; mammals Hepatocytes Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Cytoplasm Vertical: parental; sex; blood

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "ICTV Report Hepadnaviridae".
  2. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
[edit]
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