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{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| name = Malabar spotted flat
| name = Malabar spotted flat
| image = Malabar Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus ambareesa UP by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN5658 (26).jpg
| image = Malabar Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus ambareesa by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2466 (3).jpg
| image2 = Malabar Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus ambareesa UN by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN5658 (27).jpg
| image2 = Malabar Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus ambareesa UN by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN5658 (27).jpg
⚫
| taxon = Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| authority = ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1865<ref>''Plesioneura ambareesa'', Moore, P. Z. S., 1865:788.</ref>)
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia = [[Hesperiidae]]
| genus = ''[[Celaenorrhinus]]''
| species = '''''C. ambareesa'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Celaenorrhinus ambareesa''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1865<ref>''Plesioneura ambareesa'', Moore, P. Z. S., 1865:788.</ref>)
}}
}}


'''''Celaenorrhinus ambareesa''''',<ref name="Savela Celaenorrhinus">Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/celaenorrhinus/index.html Page on ''Celaenorrhinus'' genus.], Subfamily Pyrginae, Family Hesperiidae</ref><ref name="LepIndex ambareesa">{{LepIndex |id=182025}} Retrieved April 19, 2018.</ref> the '''Malabar spotted flat''',<ref name="Evans">{{cite book |last=Evans |first1=W.H. |authorlink=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932 |page=324, ser no I11.3 }}</ref> is a [[butterfly]] of the [[Skipper (butterfly)|hesperiid]] family found in [[India]].<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260_A_Synoptic_Catalogue_of_the_Butterflies_of_India|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India|last=R.K.|first=Varshney|last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=34|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=Evans2>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187283#page/118/mode/1up|title=A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum|last=W. H.|first=Evans|authorlink=William Harry Evans |publisher=British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology|year=1949|isbn=|location=London|pages=94}}</ref><ref name=SwinhoeIndica>{{citation-attribution|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103495#page/25/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X |last=Swinhoe|first=Charles|authorlink=Charles Swinhoe|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1912-1913|isbn=|location=London|pages=11}}|}}</ref>
'''''Celaenorrhinus ambareesa''''',<ref name="Savela Celaenorrhinus">Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/celaenorrhinus/index.html Page on genus ''Celaenorrhinus''.], Subfamily Pyrginae, Family Hesperiidae</ref><ref name="LepIndex ambareesa">{{LepIndex |id=182025}} Retrieved April 19, 2018.</ref> commonly known as the '''Malabar spotted flat''',<ref name="Evans">{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932 |page=324, ser no I11.3 }}</ref> is a species of [[Skipper (butterfly)|hesperiid]] [[butterfly]] found in India.<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India|last1=R.K.|first1=Varshney|last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=34|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=Evans2>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/187283#page/118/mode/1up|title=A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum|last=W. H.|first=Evans|author-link=William Harry Evans |publisher=British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology|year=1949|location=London|pages=94}}</ref><ref name=SwinhoeIndica>{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103495#page/25/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X |last=Swinhoe|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Swinhoe|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1912–1913|location=London|pages=11}}}}</ref>


==Range==
==Range==
Line 21: Line 14:


== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:CelaenorrhinusAmbareesa 759.jpg|thumb|left|Male on top and females below]]
Unlike the [[Celaenorrhinus leucocera|common spotted flat]], the semi-transparent white spots on the upperside of the forewings are separated from each other. It also has distinct rows of pale yellow spots on the hindwing and the hairy fringe of the wings (cilia) is chequered with black and white. All the spotted flats have similar habits and habitats. The Malabar spotted flat is more likely to be found under boulders and logs overhanging forest streams.
Unlike the [[Celaenorrhinus leucocera|common spotted flat]], the semi-transparent white spots on the upperside of the forewings are separated from each other. It also has distinct rows of pale yellow spots on the hindwing and the hairy fringe of the wings (cilia) is chequered with black and white. All the spotted flats have similar habits and habitats. The Malabar spotted flat is more likely to be found under boulders and logs overhanging forest streams.


In 1891 [[Edward Yerbury Watson]] described it as:
In 1891 [[Edward Yerbury Watson]] described it as:
{{quote|Upperside dark olive-brown, the whole surface irrorated with delicate yellowish-olive scales: forewing with an oblique transverse discal series of pale yellowish-white semi-transparent spots, the first large and within the extremity of the cell, being indented exteriorly, the second small and some distance beyond, the third large and beneath the latter; below the last are two other small spots; and one-third from the base beneath the cell is a small round similar spot; above the first on the costa is a small brighter yellow spot, which is not transparent; before the apex are five rather large similar spots, the three upper conjugated as are also the other two; one or two lower submarginal very indistinct orange-coloured spots: hindwing with a row of ill-defined orange-coloured submarginal spots, and others still less defined nearer the base: cilia of both wings broad, alternate brown and yellowish-white. Underside paler, more uniform in colour; markings as above.|Edward Yerbury Watson<ref name="watson">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64080#page/154/mode/1up|title=Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon|last=E. Y.|first=Watson|authorlink=Edward Yerbury Watson|publisher=Vest and Company|year=1891|isbn=|location=Madras|pages=140}}|}}</ref>}}
{{quote|Upperside dark olive-brown, the whole surface irrorated with delicate yellowish-olive scales: forewing with an oblique transverse discal series of pale yellowish-white semi-transparent spots, the first large and within the extremity of the cell, being indented exteriorly, the second small and some distance beyond, the third large and beneath the latter; below the last are two other small spots; and one-third from the base beneath the cell is a small round similar spot; above the first on the costa is a small brighter yellow spot, which is not transparent; before the apex are five rather large similar spots, the three upper conjugated as are also the other two; one or two lower submarginal very indistinct orange-coloured spots: hindwing with a row of ill-defined orange-coloured submarginal spots, and others still less defined nearer the base: cilia of both wings broad, alternate brown and yellowish-white. Underside paler, more uniform in colour; markings as above.|Edward Yerbury Watson<ref name="watson">{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64080#page/154/mode/1up|title=Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon|last=E. Y.|first=Watson|author-link=Edward Yerbury Watson|publisher=Vest and Company|year=1891|location=Madras|pages=140}}}}</ref>}}
Wingspan: 45 to 55&nbsp;mm.<ref name="Evans"/>
Wingspan: 45 to 55&nbsp;mm.<ref name="Evans"/>


Line 48: Line 42:
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Hesperiidae]]
*[[Hesperiidae]]
*[[List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)]]
*[[List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)]]
*[[List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)]]


==References==
==References==
===Print===
===Print===
*{{cite book |last=Evans |first1=W.H. |authorlink=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932 }}
*{{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 }}
*{{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 }}


===Online===
===Online===
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ |title=Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera }}.
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ |title=Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera }}.
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/ |title=The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) |last1=Beccaloni |first1=George |last2=Scoble |first2=Malcolm |last3=Kitching |first3=Ian |last4=Simonsen |first4=Thomas |last5=Robinson |first5=Gaden |last6=Pitkin |first6=Brian |last7=Hine |first7=Adrian |last8=Lyal |first8=Chris |publisher=Natural History Museum, London |accessdate=2016-10-15 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/ |title=The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) |last1=Beccaloni |first1=George |last2=Scoble |first2=Malcolm |last3=Kitching |first3=Ian |last4=Simonsen |first4=Thomas |last5=Robinson |first5=Gaden |last6=Pitkin |first6=Brian |last7=Hine |first7=Adrian |last8=Lyal |first8=Chris |publisher=Natural History Museum, London |access-date=2016-10-15 }}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q13583701}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q13583701}}


[[Category:Celaenorrhinus]]
[[Category:Celaenorrhinus|ambareesa]]
[[Category:Butterflies of India]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]


{{Pyrginae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:17, 18 February 2023

Malabar spotted flat
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Hesperiidae
Genus: Celaenorrhinus
Species:
C. ambareesa
Binomial name
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa
(Moore, 1865[1])

Celaenorrhinus ambareesa,[2][3] commonly known as the Malabar spotted flat,[4] is a species of hesperiid butterfly found in India.[5][6][7]

Range

[edit]

The butterfly is found in India and ranges from South India to Khandesh, Madhya Pradesh to West Bengal.[2][4][5]

Description

[edit]
Male on top and females below

Unlike the common spotted flat, the semi-transparent white spots on the upperside of the forewings are separated from each other. It also has distinct rows of pale yellow spots on the hindwing and the hairy fringe of the wings (cilia) is chequered with black and white. All the spotted flats have similar habits and habitats. The Malabar spotted flat is more likely to be found under boulders and logs overhanging forest streams.

In 1891 Edward Yerbury Watson described it as:

Upperside dark olive-brown, the whole surface irrorated with delicate yellowish-olive scales: forewing with an oblique transverse discal series of pale yellowish-white semi-transparent spots, the first large and within the extremity of the cell, being indented exteriorly, the second small and some distance beyond, the third large and beneath the latter; below the last are two other small spots; and one-third from the base beneath the cell is a small round similar spot; above the first on the costa is a small brighter yellow spot, which is not transparent; before the apex are five rather large similar spots, the three upper conjugated as are also the other two; one or two lower submarginal very indistinct orange-coloured spots: hindwing with a row of ill-defined orange-coloured submarginal spots, and others still less defined nearer the base: cilia of both wings broad, alternate brown and yellowish-white. Underside paler, more uniform in colour; markings as above.

— Edward Yerbury Watson[8]

Wingspan: 45 to 55 mm.[4]

  • Life cycle
  • Larva
    Larva
  • Chrysalis
    Chrysalis
  • Chrysalis
    Chrysalis
  • Imago (dorsal view)
    Imago (dorsal view)
  • Imago (lateral view)
    Imago (lateral view)

Distribution

[edit]

This butterfly is commonly found in moist-deciduous, semi-evergreen and secondary evergreen forests with a dense herb and shrub layers. It is particularly frequent in places where openings in the canopy let sunlight fall on the ground vegetation.[9]

The butterfly is most commonly seen in the post monsoon season. The population is low in the winter and summer months but increases prior to the monsoon.[9]

Status

[edit]

Not rare.[4]

Cited references

[edit]
  1. ^ Plesioneura ambareesa, Moore, P. Z. S., 1865:788.
  2. ^ a b Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Celaenorrhinus., Subfamily Pyrginae, Family Hesperiidae
  3. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Celaenorrhinus ambareesa​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society. p. 324, ser no I11.3.
  5. ^ a b R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 34. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
  6. ^ W. H., Evans (1949). A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia, and Australia in the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). Department of Entomology. p. 94.
  7. ^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Swinhoe, Charles (1912–1913). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. X. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. p. 11.
  8. ^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: E. Y., Watson (1891). Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Madras: Vest and Company. p. 140.
  9. ^ a b Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. pp. 146–147, ser no 64. ISBN 978-8173713545.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Print

[edit]

Online

[edit]
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